SIST EN ISO 18497-1:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2024
Kmetijski stroji in traktorji - Varnost delno avtomatiziranih, polavtonomnih in
avtonomnih strojev - 1. del: Načela strojnega oblikovanja in terminologija (ISO
18497-1:2024)
Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous
and autonomous machinery - Part 1: Machine design principles and vocabulary (ISO
18497-1:2024)
Landwirtschaftliche Maschinen und Traktoren - Sicherheit von teilautomatisierten,
halbautonomen und autonomen Maschinen - Teil 1: Konstruktionsprinzipien und
Vokabular für Maschinen (ISO 18497-1:2024)
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles - Sécurité des machines partiellement automatisées,
semi-autonomes et autonomes - Partie 1: Principes de conception des machines et
vocabulaire (ISO 18497-1:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 18497-1:2024
ICS:
01.040.65 Kmetijstvo (Slovarji) Agriculture (Vocabularies)
65.060.01 Kmetijski stroji in oprema na Agricultural machines and
splošno equipment in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 18497-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.65; 65.060.01 Supersedes EN ISO 18497:2018
English Version
Agricultural machinery and tractors - Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery
- Part 1: Machine design principles and vocabulary (ISO
18497-1:2024)
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles - Sécurité des Landmaschinen und Traktoren - Sicherheit von
machines partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes teilautomatisierten, halbautonomen und autonomen
et autonomes - Partie 1: Principes de conception des Maschinen - Teil 1: Gestaltungsleitsätze und Vokabular
machines et vocabulaire (ISO 18497-1:2024) für Maschinen (ISO 18497-1:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 July 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 18497-1:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 4

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 18497-1:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23 "Tractors
and machinery for agriculture and forestry" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 144
“Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2025, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 18497:2018.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 18497-1:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 18497-1:2024 without any
modification.
Annex ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered
This European Standard has been prepared under a Commission’s standardization request “M/396
Mandate to CEN and CENELEC for Standardisation in the field of machinery" to provide one voluntary
means of conforming to essential requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament
and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast).
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the limits of
the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements
of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
Table ZA.1 — Correspondence between this European Standard and Annex I of Directive
2006/42/EC
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.1.2. Principles of safety -----

integration
1.1.2(a) 4
1.1.2(c) 4
1.1.2(d)  NOT COVERED
1.1.2(e)  NOT COVERED
1.1.3. Materials and products  NOT COVERED
1.1.4. Lighting NOT COVERED
1.1.5. Design of machinery to
NOT COVERED
facilitate its handling
1.1.6. Ergonomics NOT COVERED
1.1.7. Operating positions  NOT COVERED
1.1.8. Seating  NOT COVERED
1.2. CONTROL SYSTEMS -----
1.2.1. Safety and reliability of 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.2, 4.2.4, 4.2.9.2 b),

control systems 4.2.10
1.2.2. Control devices NOT COVERED
1.2.3. Starting 4.2.3
1.2.4. Stopping  NOT COVERED
1.2.5. Selection of control or  NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
operating modes
1.2.6. Failure of the power 4.2.10

supply
1.3. PROTECTION AGAINST ----
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
1.3.1. Risk of loss of stability  NOT COVERED
1.3.2. Risk of break-up during
NOT COVERED
operation
1.3.3. Risks due to falling or
NOT COVERED
ejected objects
1.3.4. Risks due to surfaces,
NOT COVERED
edges or angles
1.3.5. Risks related to combined
NOT COVERED
machinery
1.3.6. Risks related to variations
NOT COVERED
in operating conditions
1.3.7. Risks related to moving 4.2.4.1 c), 4.2.4.2 g), 4.2.7

parts
1.3.8. Choice of protection
against risks arising from NOT COVERED
moving parts
1.3.9. Risks of uncontrolled
NOT COVERED
movements
1.4. REQUIRED ----
CHARACTERISTICS OF GUARDS
AND PROTECTIVE DEVICES
1.4.1. General requirements  NOT COVERED
1.4.2. Special requirements for
NOT COVERED
guards
1.4.3. Special requirements for 4.2.2, 4.2.4.1 c), 4.2.4.2 g), 4.2.10

protective devices
1.5. RISKS DUE TO OTHER ----
HAZARDS
1.5.1. Electricity supply  NOT COVERED
1.5.2. Static electricity  NOT COVERED
1.5.3. Energy supply other than
NOT COVERED
electricity
1.5.4. Errors of fitting  NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
1.5.5. Extreme temperatures  NOT COVERED
1.5.6. Fire  NOT COVERED
1.5.7. Explosion  NOT COVERED
1.5.8. Noise  NOT COVERED
1.5.9. Vibrations  NOT COVERED
1.5.10. Radiation  NOT COVERED
1.5.11. External radiation  NOT COVERED
1.5.12. Laser radiation  NOT COVERED
1.5.13. Emissions of hazardous
NOT COVERED
materials and substances
1.5.14. Risk of being trapped in a
NOT COVERED
machine
1.5.15. Risk of slipping, tripping
NOT COVERED
or falling
1.5.16. Lightning  NOT COVERED
1.6. MAINTENANCE -----
1.6.1. Machinery maintenance  NOT COVERED
1.6.2. Access to operating
NOT COVERED
positions and servicing points
1.6.3. Isolation of energy sources  NOT COVERED
1.6.4. Operator intervention  NOT COVERED
1.6.5. Cleaning of internal parts  NOT COVERED
1.7. INFORMATION ----
1.7.1. Information and warnings 4.4

on the machinery
1.7.1.1. Information and 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.9.1, 4.2.9.2 a), 4.4,

information devices 4.5
1.7.1.2. Warning devices 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.9.1, 4.2.9.2 a),

4.2.10.1, 4.3
1.7.2. Warning of residual risks 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.9.1, 4.2.9.2 a), 4.3
1.7.3. Marking of machinery  NOT COVERED
1.7.4. Instructions 4.5
2.4. MACHINERY FOR ----
PESTICIDE APPLICATION
2.4.2. General  NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
2.4.3. Controls and monitoring  NOT COVERED
2.4.4. Filling and emptying  NOT COVERED
2.4.5. Application of pesticides ----
2.4.5.1. Application rate  NOT COVERED
2.4.5.2. Distribution, deposition
NOT COVERED
and drift of pesticide
2.4.5.3. Tests  NOT COVERED
2.4.5.4. Losses during stoppage  NOT COVERED
2.4.6. Maintenance ----
2.4.6.1. Cleaning  NOT COVERED
2.4.6.2. Servicing  NOT COVERED
2.4.7. Inspections  NOT COVERED
2.4.8. Marking of nozzles,
NOT COVERED
strainers and filters
2.4.9. Indication of pesticide in
NOT COVERED
use
2.4.10. Instructions  NOT COVERED
3.2 WORK POSITIONS ---
3.2.1. Driving position  NOT COVERED
3.2.2. Seating  NOT COVERED
3.2.3. Positions for other persons  NOT COVERED
3.3 CONTROL SYSTEMS ---
3.3.1. Control devices 4.2.4.2 b)
3.3.2. Starting/moving 4.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2, 4.2.3.1, 4.2.3.2
3.3.3. Travelling function  NOT COVERED
3.3.4. Movement of pedestrian-
NOT COVERED
controlled machinery
3.3.5. Control circuit failure  NOT COVERED
3.4 PROTECTION AGAINST ---
MECHANICAL HAZARDS
3.4.1. Uncontrolled movements  NOT COVERED
3.4.2. Moving transmission parts  NOT COVERED
3.4.3. Roll-over and tip-over  NOT COVERED
3.4.4. Falling objects  NOT COVERED
The relevant Essential Clause(s)/sub-clause(s) of this Remarks/Notes
Requirements of Directive EN
2006/42/EC
3.4.5. Means of access  NOT COVERED
3.4.6. Towing devices  NOT COVERED
3.4.7. Transmission of power
between self-propelled
NOT COVERED
machinery (or tractor) and
recipient machinery
3.5 PROTECTION AGAINST ----
OTHER HAZARDS
3.5.1. Batteries  NOT COVERED
3.5.2. Fire  NOT COVERED
3.5.3. Emissions of hazardous
NOT COVERED
substances
3.6 INFORMATION AND ----
INDICATIONS
3.6.1. Signs, signals and 4.2.5, 4.2.6, 4.2.9.1, 4.2.9.2 a),

warnings 4.2.10.1, 4.3
3.6.2. Marking  NOT COVERED
3.6.3. Instructions ----
3.6.3.1. Vibrations  NOT COVERED
3.6.3.2. Multiple uses  NOT COVERED
Table ZA.2 — Applicable Standards to confer presumption of conformity as described in this
Annex ZA
Column 1 Reference Column 2 International Column 3 Column 4
in Clause 2 Standard Edition
Title Corresponding
European Standard
Edition
ISO 3767-1:2016 ISO 3767-1:2016 Tractors, machinery for None
agriculture and forestry,
ISO 3767-
powered lawn and garden
1:2016/A1:2020
For applicable
equipment — Symbols for
standard edition see
operator controls and
Column 2
other displays — Part 1:
Common symbols
ISO 3767-2:2016 ISO 3767-2:2016 Tractors, machinery for None
agriculture and forestry,
ISO 3767-
powered lawn and garden
2:2016/A1:2020
For applicable
equipment — Symbols for
standard edition see
operator controls and
Column 2
other displays — Part 2:
Symbols for agricultural
Column 1 Reference Column 2 International Column 3 Column 4
in Clause 2 Standard Edition
Title Corresponding
European Standard
Edition
tractors and machinery
ISO 4254-1:2013 ISO 4254-1:2013 Agricultural machinery — EN ISO 4254-1:2015
Safety — Part 1: General
ISO 4254- EN ISO 4254-1:2015/
requirements
1:2013/A1:2021 A1:2021
ISO 12100:2010 ISO 12100:2010 Safety of machinery — EN ISO 12100:2010
General principles for
design — Risk assessment
and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1:2023 ISO 13849-1:2023 Safety of machinery — EN ISO 13849-1:2023
Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 1:
General principles for
design
ISO 13849-2:2012 ISO 13849-2:2012 Safety of machinery — EN ISO 13849-2:2012
Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 2:
Validation
ISO 18497-2:2024 ISO 18497-2:2024 Agricultural machinery EN ISO 18497-2:2024
and tractors — Safety of
partially automated, semi-
autonomous and
autonomous machinery
— Part 2: Design
principles for obstacle
protective systems
ISO 18497-3:2024 ISO 18497-3:2024 Agricultural machinery EN ISO 18497-3:2024
and tractors — Safety of
partially automated, semi-
autonomous and
autonomous machinery
— Part 3: Autonomous
operating zones
ISO 18497-4:2024 ISO 18497-4:2024 Agricultural machinery EN ISO 18497-4:2024
and tractors — Safety of
partially automated, semi-
autonomous and
autonomous machinery
— Part 4: Verification
methods and validation
principles
ISO 25119-1:2018 ISO 25119-1:2018 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-1:2023
for agriculture and
ISO 25119- EN ISO 25119-
forestry — Safety-related
1:2018/A1:2020 1:2023/ A1:2023
parts of control systems
Column 1 Reference Column 2 International Column 3 Column 4
in Clause 2 Standard Edition
Title Corresponding
European Standard
Edition
— Part 1: General
principles for design and
development
ISO 25119-2:2019 ISO 25119-2:2019 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-2:2023
for agriculture and
forestry — Safety-related
parts of control systems
— Part 2: Concept phase
ISO 25119-3:2018 ISO 25119-3:2018 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-3:2023
for agriculture and
ISO 25119- EN ISO 25119-
forestry — Safety-related
3:2018/A1:2020 3:2023/ A1:2023
parts of control systems
— Part 3: Series
development, hardware
and software
ISO 25119-4:2018 ISO 25119-4:2018 Tractors and machinery EN ISO 25119-4:2023
for agriculture and
ISO 25119- EN ISO 25119-
forestry — Safety-related
4:2018/A1:2020 4:2023/ A1:2023
parts of control systems
— Part 4: Production,
operation, modification
and supporting processes
The documents listed in the Column 1 of Table ZA.2, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in
this document, i.e. are indispensable for its application. The achievement of the presumption of
conformity is subject to the application of the edition of Standards as listed in Column 4 or, if no
European Standard Edition exists, the International Standard Edition given in Column 2 of Table ZA.2.
WARNING 1 Presumption of conformity stays valid only as long as a reference to this European
Standard is maintained in the list published in the Official Journal of the European Union. Users of this
standard should consult frequently the latest list published in the Official Journal of the European
Union.
WARNING 2 Other Union legislation may be applicable to the product(s) falling within the scope of this
standard.
International
Standard
ISO 18497-1
First edition
Agricultural machinery and
2024-07
tractors — Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and
autonomous machinery —
Part 1:
Machine design principles and
vocabulary
Tracteurs et matériels agricoles — Sécurité des machines
partiellement automatisées, semi-autonomes et autonomes —
Partie 1: Principes de conception des machines et vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 18497-1:2024(en) © ISO 2024

ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
© ISO 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
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or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Safety requirements and protective or risk reduction measures . 8
4.1 General .8
4.2 Design principles .8
4.2.1 General .8
4.2.2 Operator presence . .8
4.2.3 Start-up .9
4.2.4 States, modes and actions .9
4.2.5 Visual indication .10
4.2.6 Audible indication .10
4.2.7 Obstacle protective system . .11
4.2.8 Operating zone (semi-autonomous and autonomous) .11
4.2.9 Monitoring .11
4.2.10 Faults and failures . 12
4.3 Visual and audible alarms . 13
4.3.1 General . 13
4.3.2 Visual alarm (semi-autonomous and autonomous) . 13
4.3.3 Audible alarm (semi-autonomous and autonomous) . 15
4.4 Labelling and identification . 15
4.5 Information for use . 15
Bibliography . 17

iii
ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 19, Agricultural electronics, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 144, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry,
in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 18497-1, together with ISO 18497-2, ISO 18497-3 and ISO 18497-4, cancels and
replaces ISO 18497:2018, which has been technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— machine design principles and vocabulary were made as its own part (i.e. ISO 18497-1) and substantially
revised to account for the wide range of functionality and use cases within agricultural machines and
tractors.
A list of all parts in the ISO 18497 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
Introduction
This document is a type-B1 standard as stated in ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organisations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
In addition, this document is intended for standardization bodies elaborating type-C standards.
The requirements of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type-C standard.
For machines which are covered by the scope of a type-C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the requirements of that standard, the requirements of that type-C standard take precedence.
The structure of safety standards in the field of machinery is as follows:
— Type-A standards (basis standards) give basic concepts, principles for design, and general aspects that
can be applied to machinery;
— Type-B standards (generic safety standards) deal with one or more safety aspects or one or more types
of safeguards that can be used across a wide range of machinery:
— Type-B1 standards on particular safety aspects (e.g. safety distances, surface temperature, noise);
— Type-B2 standards on safeguards (e.g. two-hands controls, interlocking devices, pressure sensitive
devices, guards);
— Type-C standards (machinery safety standards) deal with detailed safety requirements for a particular
machine or group of machines.
The purpose of the ISO 18497 series is to establish general design principles for partially automated, semi-
autonomous and autonomous (see Clause 3) functions of agricultural machinery and tractors.
Manual non-automated functions are addressed in existing agricultural machinery and tractor safety
standards. Due to the potential number of different functions of agricultural machinery and tractors and
the mixed type and mode to which these functions can exist, it is necessary to establish general design
principles. In this way, the combination, operator location, and types of interaction of these functions can
be guided so that further type-C safety standards can be developed consistently and explicitly to address
the mitigation of risk of injury to operators and bystanders. This is the primary focus of safety standards.
Attempting to specify risk mitigation requirements based on combinations of type and mode of functions
alone cannot be accomplished accurately for all agricultural machinery and tractors due to the wide variety
of the machinery and variety of functionality.
[1]
Therefore, the familiar representation of SAE J3016 with six levels of automation was deliberately not
chosen as a basis for the ISO 18497 series. It is necessary to develop more specific type-C safety standards,

v
ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
using the general design principles of this document, to adequately account for the risks of agricultural
machinery and tractors used in a specified way with various types of partially automated, semi-autonomous
and autonomous functions.
When the requirements of the ISO 18497 series for partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous
functions of agricultural machinery and tractors are different from those which are stated in a machine-
specific type-C standard dealing with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions of
agricultural machinery and tractors, the requirements of the machine-specific standard take precedence
over the requirements of the ISO 18497 series.

vi
International Standard ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of partially
automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous machinery —
Part 1:
Machine design principles and vocabulary
1 Scope
This document specifies principles for the design of agricultural machinery and tractors that are used in
agricultural applications and that have partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions.
Additionally, it provides guidance on the type of information to be provided by the manufacturer on safe
working practices (including information about residual risks).
The purpose of this document is to assist in the provision of more specific safety requirements, means of
verification and information for use to ensure an appropriate level of safety for agricultural machinery and
tractors with partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions used in a specified way.
This document deals with the significant hazards relevant to agricultural machinery and tractors with
partially automated, semi-autonomous and autonomous functions when used as intended and under the
conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer during normal operation and service.
Applicability of the design principles and any additional detailed requirements for design, verification,
validation or information for use are outside the scope of this document. When risk assessment concludes
that hazards are not significant hazards, the principles of this document do not apply.
NOTE Safety requirements for specific non-automated functions of agricultural machinery and tractors can be
available in machine-specific type-C standards.
This document is not applicable to:
— forestry applications;
— operations on public roads including relevant requirements for braking and steering systems.
This document is not applicable to agricultural machinery and tractors which are manufactured before the
date of its publication, or to systems applied to agricultural machinery and tractors put into use before the
date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 3767-1:2016, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 3767-1:2016/Amd 1:2020, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden
equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols — Amendment 1
ISO 3767-2:2016, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment —
Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and machinery

ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
ISO 3767-2:2016/Amd 1:2020, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden
equipment — Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 2: Symbols for agricultural tractors and
machinery — Amendment 1
ISO 4254-1:2013, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 4254-1:2013/Amd 1:2021, Agricultural machinery — Safety — Part 1: General requirements – Amendment 1
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk reduction
ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
ISO 18497-2:2024, Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous and
autonomous machinery — Part 2: Design principles for obstacle protective systems
ISO 18497-3:2024, Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous and
autonomous machinery — Part 3: Autonomous operating zones
ISO 18497-4:2024, Agricultural machinery and tractors — Safety of partially automated, semi-autonomous and
autonomous machinery — Part 4: Verification methods and validation principles
ISO 25119-1:2018, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of control
systems — Part 1: General principles for design and development
ISO 25119-1:2018/Amd 1:2020, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 1: General principles for design and development — Amendment 1
ISO 25119-2:2019, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of control
systems — Part 2: Concept phase
ISO 25119-3:2018, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of control
systems — Part 3: Series development, hardware and software
ISO 25119-3:2018/Amd 1:2020, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 3: Series development, hardware and software — Amendment 1
ISO 25119-4:2018, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of control
systems — Part 4: Production, operation, modification and supporting processes
ISO 25119-4:2018/Amd 1:2020, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Safety-related parts of
control systems — Part 4: Production, operation, modification and supporting processes — Amendment 1
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4254-1:2013, ISO 4254-1:2013/
Amd 1:2021, ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
manual non-automated
non-automated (3.6) only machine functions (3.5) that are intended to operate in manual mode (3.9) during
all of the machine’s operating cycle (3.11)
EXAMPLE Implement height above ground controlled manually by the operator.

ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Manual non-automated is not a level or a category of a machine. It is a term only to describe the
combination of functions, and modes of functions.
Figure 1 — Terms used for combinations of functions and modes
3.2
partially automated
non-automated (3.6) and automated (3.7) machine functions (3.5) that are intended to operate in manual
mode (3.9) during all of the machine’s operating cycle (3.11)
EXAMPLE Implement height above ground maintained automatically to a set point controlled by the operator.
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Partially automated is not a level or a category of a machine. It is a term only to describe the
combination of functions, and modes of functions.
3.3
semi-autonomous
automated (3.7) machine functions (3.5) that are intended to operate in autonomous mode (3.10) during part
of the machine’s operating cycle (3.11) in addition to non-automated (3.6) and automated machine functions
that are intended to operate in manual mode (3.9) to complete some of the tasks assigned
EXAMPLE 1 Implement height above ground maintained automatically to a set point controlled by the operator in
specific conditions, and maintained automatically to a set point controlled by machine without operator interaction
during all of the machine’s other operating cycles.
EXAMPLE 2 Automated field cultivating machine completing entire operating cycle of field work without operator
interaction and also used to complete other operating cycles of field work in specific conditions manually by an
operator.
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Semi-autonomous is not a level or a category of a machine. It is a term only to describe the combination
of functions, and modes of functions.
3.4
autonomous
automated (3.7) machine functions (3.5) that operate in autonomous mode (3.10) during all of the machine’s
operating cycle (3.11)
EXAMPLE 1 Implement height above ground maintained automatically to a set point controlled by the machine
without operator interaction during all of the machine’s operating cycles.
EXAMPLE 2 Automated field cultivating machine completing all operating cycles of work without operator
interaction.
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
Note 2 to entry: Autonomous is not a level or a category of a machine. It is a term only to describe the combination of
functions, and modes of functions.

ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
3.5
function
defined activity or behaviour of a machine or a machine system
EXAMPLE Machine propel, steering, braking, lights, 3-point hitch, hydraulic driven unit, implement control
(ISOBUS CAN, power-take-off, hydraulic), etc.
3.6
non-automated
technique, method, or system of operating and controlling machine function(s) (3.5) by operator interaction (3.12)
3.7
automated
technique, method, or system of operating and controlling machine function(s) (3.5) by automatic (3.8) means
3.8
automatic
process or part of a process when machine functions (3.5) follow defined rules
Note 1 to entry: Complex computer functions (e.g. closed loop control, artificial intelligence) can be included in the
machine function (3.5) following defined rules to accomplish a process or part of a process.
Note 2 to entry: Automatic (3.8) means are typically accomplished through minimal operator interaction (3.12), but
can be accomplished without operator interaction.
3.9
manual mode
mode of machine operation in which machine function(s) (3.5) are controlled by an operator
Note 1 to entry: Manual mode definition infers operator interaction (3.12) to accomplish direct or automatic (3.8)
means by which non-automated (3.6) and automated (3.7) machine function(s) (3.5) are controlled.
3.10
autonomous mode
mode of machine operation in which a machine performs functions (3.5) related to its defined tasks without
operator interaction (3.12)
Note 1 to entry: States of autonomous mode (3.10) of a machine may require human interaction, for example: preparing,
configuring, setting-up or programming the machine. This type of human interaction is not considered manual mode
(3.9) or operator interaction (3.12) as the functions (3.5) of the machine are not involved.
3.11
operating cycle
complete set of tasks carried out within a defined operation
3.12
operator interaction
involvement of an operator to provide information to or control of a machine function(s) (3.5)
Note 1 to entry: Examples of operator interaction are: starting, maintaining or stopping machine function(s) (3.5);
providing exception handling information to a machine, etc.
3.13
hazardous function
defined activity or behaviour of a machine or a machine system which can be a source of harm
Note 1 to entry: A hazardous function is different than a safety function. A safety function (per ISO 12100:2010)
is defined as: function of a machine whose failure can result in an immediate increase of the risk(s). Risk(s) (per
ISO 12100:2010) is defined as: combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm.
Hazardous functions are those functions which are potential sources of harm (e.g. machine propel) in normal
operation without failure. Per ISO 12100:2010, risk analysis is required for hazardous functions and risk evaluation to
determine if acceptable risk reduction objectives have been achieved.

ISO 18497-1:2024(en)
3.14
obstacle
object or ground condition which can cause harm, or is harmed, if it comes into contact or collision with the
machinery
Note 1 to entry: Examples of objects which can cause harm: tree, rock, etc. Examples of objects which can be harmed:
persons or animals.
Note 2 to entry: Risk assessment is used to analyse the degree of harm related to an obstacle. Machine specific type-C
safety standards may also contain specific protective measures (e.g. reduce speed, change trajectory, etc.) for risk
reduction of specific types of obstacles (e.g. persons, animals, etc.).
3.15
obstacle protective system
system that reacts to information received from machine components or systems (e.g. sensors, perception systems
(3.16), supervisory systems (3.17), bumpers) to avoid harmful contact with a person and/or obstacle (3.1
...