SIST EN 16646:2015

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Vzdrževanje - Vzdrževanje znotraj obvladovanja premoženjaInstandhaltung - Instandhaltung im Rahmen des Asset-ManagementsMaintenance - Maintenance dans le cadre de la gestion des actifs physiquesMaintenance - Maintenance within physical asset management03.100.10Nabava. Dobava. LogistikaPurchasing. Procurement. LogisticsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 16646:2014SIST EN 16646:2015en,fr,de01-februar-2015SIST EN 16646:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARD



SIST EN 16646:2015



EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 16646
December 2014 ICS 03.100.01 English Version
Maintenance - Maintenance within physical asset management Maintenance - Maintenance dans le cadre de la gestion des actifs physiques
Instandhaltung - Instandhaltung im Rahmen des Anlagenmanagements This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 November 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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EN 16646:2014 (E) 2 Contents Page Foreword .3 Introduction .4 1 Scope .6 2 Normative references .6 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations .6 3.1 Terms and definitions .6 3.2 Abbreviations .8 4 Overview of physical asset management .8 4.1 What is physical asset management .8 4.2 Hierarchy of physical assets: asset portfolio, asset systems and individual assets .8 4.3 Item and asset life and life cycle of physical assets .9 4.4 Organizational context .9 5 Management system for physical assets . 10 5.1 Purpose of physical asset management system . 10 5.2 Interaction between organizational context, physical asset management and maintenance management . 10 5.3 The influence of organizational context at the different levels of physical assets . 13 5.4 Management of maintenance process. 13 5.5 Maintenance management responsibilities . 14 6 Physical asset management processes . 14 6.1 Physical asset management processes and life cycle stages . 14 6.2 Life cycle, asset and maintenance management processes . 15 6.2.1 General . 15 6.2.2 Physical asset management process and maintenance management process at the portfolio level . 15 6.2.3 Asset, maintenance and life cycle management process at the asset system level . 17 6.2.4 Physical asset management process, life cycle and maintenance management at the asset level . 20 6.3 Interrelationship between maintenance and other processes at asset and asset system level . 22 6.3.1 Interrelationships between maintenance and acquisition/creation process . 22 6.3.2 Interrelationships between maintenance and operation . 25 6.3.3 Interrelationships between maintenance and modernization . 26 6.3.4 Interrelationships between maintenance and disposal . 28 6.3.5 Interrelationships between maintenance and physical asset management supports . 29 6.3.6 Interrelationships between maintenance and management of assets. 30 7 Performance monitoring . 31 7.1 General KPIs of physical asset management . 31 7.2 Specific performance indicators . 32 8 Organization and people enablers: organizational competences . 33 8.1 Structure and procedures . 33 8.2 Competences . 33 8.2.1 General . 33 8.2.2 Asset portfolio and asset system levels . 33 8.2.3 Asset level . 34 Bibliography . 35 SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 3 Foreword This document (EN 16646:2014) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 319 “Maintenance”, the secretariat of which is held by UNI. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2015 and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by June 2015. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 4 Introduction Why do we need ‘physical asset management’ today more than before? There are some very good reasons to develop ‘physical asset management’ in all its aspects. There are also good reasons to clarify interrelationship between physical asset management processes and maintenance processes. Some of the reasons why physical asset management and maintenance as a part of physical asset management has become a more essential part of the organizations’ activities during the last decades are for example: — globalization and increasing competition; — growing financial, safety and environmental risks; — radical change in business strategy – long term vs. short term; — attitudes towards physical assets have changed – nowadays it is more common that the length of the ownership is not the same as the length of the whole item life; — growth of capital intensity in some areas of industry; — growing turbulence in the market; — pressure for higher profitability and return on assets; — aging of asset systems; — increased pressure to improve added value of maintenance; — more complicated and uncertain decision environment; — increased requirements from the safety and environmental point of view; — ‘silo’ behaviour which keeps maintenance and other life cycle processes separated. In addition to the above mentioned trends in the market behaviour and technological development, there are many benefits which can be achieved with physical asset management activities: — economically more efficient and effective use of capital: “turnover of capital”; — more profitable business: “return on assets”; — more sustainable use of capital; — more accurate long term life cycle decisions; — direction to maintenance strategies and operations; — integrated investment and maintenance planning; — influence of maintenance function on asset creation development (design and engineering); — integrated approach for production function (assets, operation and maintenance); — improved position for the maintenance function among the other company functions; — improved assessment of performance and control; SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 5 — enhanced reputation. Further and maybe even greater benefits are now being found through improved credibility in the eyes of customers, regulators and other stakeholders. Physical asset management also results in much greater engagement and motivation of the workforce, and in more sustainable, continual improvement business processes. Physical asset management builds up the required link between maintenance management and organizational strategic plan and gives direction to maintenance activities. SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 6 1 Scope This European Standard introduces physical asset management as a framework for maintenance activities. It also introduces the relationship between organizational strategic plan and maintenance management system and describes the interrelations between maintenance process and all the other physical asset management processes. It addresses the role and importance of maintenance within physical asset management system during the whole life cycle of an item. This European Standard can be applied to production organizations of all sizes. However, if specific standards exist for a particular application or field of industry, those documents should also be considered. This European Standard consists of guidance and recommendations and is not intended to be used for certification, regulatory, or contractual use. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 13306, Maintenance - Maintenance terminology ISO 55000, Asset management — Overview, principles and terminology ISO 55001, Asset management — Management systems — Requirements ISO 55002, Asset management — Management systems — Guidelines for the application of ISO 55001 EN 60300-3-3, Dependability management - Part 3-3: Application guide - Life cycle costing (IEC 60300-3-3) 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 13306, ISO 55000, EN 60300-3-3 and the following apply. 3.1.1 asset solution the result of concept definition 3.1.2 business environment all the external factors within the market, technology and community influencing on the decision making of the organization 3.1.3 creation of physical asset acquisition process, which can include concept definition, design, manufacturing, installation, commissioning 3.1.4 key success factor attribute required for an organization to ensure the success of an organization SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 7 3.1.5 life cycle of a physical asset period of value realization from a physical asset by an organization including needs identification, creation or acquisition, utilization, maintenance, modernization and disposal Note 1 to entry: Life cycle of an item may contain several life cycles of a physical asset. An item can have several sequential owners during its life cycle. Note 2 to entry: Realization of value will normally involve a balancing of costs, risks, opportunities and benefits. 3.1.6 life cycle of an item series of stages through which an item goes, from its conception to disposal 3.1.7 maintenance task maintenance action sequence of elementary maintenance activities carried out for a given purpose 3.1.8 modernization modification or improvement in the case of nonconformity of the asset, taking into account technological advances, to meet new or changed requirements 3.1.9 operating conditions physical loads and environmental conditions as experienced by the asset during the entire life cycle Note 1 to entry: Operating conditions can vary during the asset's life cycle. 3.1.10 operating constraints characteristics of the asset, which set limits for the use of the asset and may determine requirements for maintenance activities Note 1 to entry: These characteristics are the results of design and construction of the assets and are influenced by the operational mode and operation conditions. 3.1.11 operational mode way a physical asset is operated and utilized during the entire life cycle determined by the numbers of units of use (hours, starts/stops, transients) Note 1 to entry:
Operational mode determines the frequency, load, continuity and performance rate of utilization. 3.1.12 physical asset item that has potential or actual value to an organization Note 1 to entry:
Examples of physical assets are components, machines, plants, construction works, buildings. SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 8 3.1.13 physical asset management coordinated activities of an organization to realize value from physical assets Note 1 to entry: Realization of value will normally involve a balancing of costs, risks, opportunities and benefits. Note 2 to entry: In the life cycle context, physical asset management is the optimal life cycle management of physical assets to sustainably achieve the stated business objectives. 3.1.14 technical depreciation difference between the asset replacement value and actual value Note 1 to entry: Technical depreciation should be based on the asset replacement value but not on asset book value. Note 2 to entry: Technical depreciation can be calculated as a ratio of asset replacement value and expected life. Note 3 to entry: Technical depreciation measures and depicts technical aging of the assets in money terms. 3.2 Abbreviations List of abbreviations used in this standard is given in Table 1. Table 1 — List of abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning CMMS Computerized maintenance management system KPI Key performance indicator OEE Overall equipment effectiveness TCO Total cost of ownership 4 Overview of physical asset management 4.1 What is physical asset management Physical asset management is defined as coordinated activities of an organization to realize value from physical assets. More specifically physical asset management is “the optimal life cycle management of physical assets to sustainably achieve the stated business objectives”. Physical asset management does not focus on the asset itself, but on the value that the asset can provide to the organization. Value is organization specific and depends on the organizational context. In the general context, asset is something that has potential or actual value to an organization. The nature and purpose of the organization and the internal and external environment where it operates have a strong bearing on the type of assets that the organization requires and the physical asset management capabilities that it needs to develop in delivering its business objectives. The market dynamics and speed of technological change varies from one sector to another and this fact has a great influence on the physical asset management challenges and activities. 4.2 Hierarchy of physical assets: asset portfolio, asset systems and individual assets An “individual physical asset” is defined as a physical item that has potential or actual value to an organization. A “physical asset system” refers to a set of interconnected assets (of one or multiple asset types) working together and can be regarded as an asset in itself. Examples of asset systems are production plants and production lines. Grouping of several physical asset systems into a “physical asset portfolio” SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 9 enables a holistic approach to be used in the delivery of organizational objectives. Examples of the asset portfolios are the fleet of production plants of a business division and corporate production system which is a collection of several plants. Assets form often a hierarchical system. 4.3 Item and asset life and life cycle of physical assets The life of an item is defined as the period from its conception to its disposal. An item can be an asset for several organizations during its lifetime. The life of physical asset is defined as a period from its conception or acquisition to its disposal or hand over to the other responsible organization. They often pass through identifiable life stages. The description (and naming) of the stages can differ between assets or items, their applications and organizations. When managing its physical assets the organization should consider all the life cycle stages (these stages are explained in detail for all the three asset levels in Clause 6): a) needs and feasibility assessments for assets; b) concept definition; c) determination of asset solutions; d) design of assets; e) manufacturing or acquisition of assets; f) installation and commencing; g) utilization of assets; h) maintenance of assets; i) modernization; j) decommissioning, retirement, and/or disposal of assets. However, one shall notice that the detailed structures of life cycle stages are different at the three levels of physical assets: asset portfolio, asset system and individual asset. Also, different kinds of technological environments may demand for different kind of stage structure. In the case of standard machines the stages - b), d) and e) can be replaced by the acquisition of an individual asset. 4.4 Organizational context The role of maintenance management contains two-way influence: — the organizations’ business environment, strategies, plans and decisions direct maintenance activities, but — on the other hand the maintenance functions influences organizations strategies, plans and decisions on the physical assets. The maintenance management system is a part of management system for physical assets. The activities which the maintenance management plans, decides and implements depend directly from the organizations’ business and technological environment. In the stable market and technological environment maintenance activities have different focus compared with the dynamic business and technological environment. On the other hand at the early stages of equipment life cycle maintenance priorities differ from the priorities of the aged equipment having overtime compared with planned useful life. SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 10 The maintenance function should: — have significant role when planning and deciding physical asset solutions (however, a less significant role at asset portfolio level); — have sufficient power to affect the design solutions during the investment process in order to optimize life cycle activities of the investment and meet safety and environmental requirements; — contribute to the mode of operations of the production function in question in order to assist the whole organization to optimize its operations. 5 Management system for physical assets 5.1 Purpose of physical asset management system An asset management system (management system for physical asset) is a set of interrelated or interacting elements of an organization, that establish asset management policies and objectives, and the processes needed to achieve those objectives. A physical asset management system is not simply an information system; it also includes the organization structure, roles, responsibilities, business processes, plans, operation. Organizations should establish, utilize and improve asset management system for physical assets. The elements of asset management system are described in details in ISO 55000 and ISO 55001 following the general structure of ISO management systems standards. Guidelines of for the application of ISO 55001 are illustrated in ISO 55002. The asset management system requirements in ISO 55001 have been organized into seven specific elements: — organizational context; — leadership; — planning; — support; — operation; — performance evaluation and — improvement. 5.2 Interaction between organizational context, physical asset management and maintenance management Four factors affect significantly requirements which should be defined for physical asset management activities: — characteristic and objectives of the company in question; — market; — community and — technology. SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 11 First, organizations’ objectives, strategies and economic and technological characteristics have a great influence on physical asset management and maintenance management (see Figure 1). Examples of these factors are listed in Figure 1. Secondly, the specific features of the market where the organization is acting have remarkable impact on the requirements the physical asset management is facing (see Figure 1). For example fast growing demand requires different kind of strategies than slow growth environment. Typical factors belonging to category are listed in Figure 1. In addition to the market, the community where the assets are located have several kinds of impacts on the physical asset management requirements and solutions. Examples of these factors are listed in Figure 1. Such technological factors as construction, inherent dependability and economic life cycle stage of equipment influence also on the physical asset management strategies and practices (see Figure 1), for example very aged equipment differs a lot from brand new technology from the physical asset management and maintenance management point of view. The four strategic dimensions and influencing factors are utilized as input in strategic analyses and strategy process. The strategic physical asset management process results in the carefully analysed set of requirements for physical assets and asset management. These requirements can be expressed by using for example different indicators or measures presented in Figure 1. The factors listed above can be expressed in a more precise way using key performance indicators (KPIs). These KPIs can be used for internal purposes when developing the performance of the physical asset management and maintenance functions or when implementing benchmarking projects. Determination of critical requirements on physical assets gives framework and basis for asset strategy formulation and planning. The physical asset management strategy and asset management plans can be derived straightforward from these requirements and controlled with KPIs. As soon as the physical asset strategy and asset management plans have been determined it gives direction to maintenance management. Therefore, as the next step it is possible to define maintenance strategies and maintenance plans and needed KPIs. As physical asset management is an iterative process, feedback from maintenance management to physical asset management and further to strategic analyses is paramount. The iterative strategic process is carried out continually across the whole life cycle of assets and not only when new assets or assets systems or asset portfolio are acquired. Consequently, the maintenance strategy shall be adjusted along with changing requirements. SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 12
Figure 1 — Interaction between organizational context, physical asset management system and maintenance management system SIST EN 16646:2015



EN 16646:2014 (E) 13 5.3 The influence of organizational context at the different levels of physical assets Asset portfolio, asset system and individual asset have very specific management challenges. Also the tasks carried out in the different life cycle stages differ. The role of maintenance depends on the asset level and specific organizational context. Physical asset strategies, policies, objectives and plans are first determined for the asset portfolio level. At the asset portfolio level the asset strategy may give directly tasks for various asset systems of the organization. It is e.g. possible that all asset systems produce the same product mix or various asset systems are specialized in certain products or product groups or intermediate products for the other corporate production units. At the portfolio level asset strategy should also determine which kind of technology will be used and what will be expected economic useful life for each asset system of the organization. At the portfolio level asset strategy may also define the practices used in the management control of asset portfolio and asset systems and how various management functions and areas should be managed. The maintenance function can give valuable contribution, e.g. to the determination of economic useful life of asset systems and the influence of the asset solution to the life cycle activities and life cycle costs of the equipment. An important contribution is also active influence on the creation and development of the asset and maintenance management systems. The maintenance function has an important role also when planning and scheduling coordinated corporate wide maintenance activities (e.g. major shutdowns) for the whole fleet of the asset systems. As the next step derived from the asset portfolio level decisions, strategies, policies, objectives and plans for each asset system of the portfolio can be decided. The asset strategy of the physical asset system gives direction and requirements for the individual asset level modes of operations. Asset system level strategy should also determine which kind of technology will be used and what will be the expected economic useful life for each asset of the asset system. Therefore, effective life cycle management is one of the key responsibilities of production and maintenance management at the asset system level. The asset system strategy should also determine the management practices to manage the physical asset system and individual assets, and how various management functions linked to life cycle management should be taken care of. At the individual asset level the role of maintenance is very significant. At the asset level, replacements and disposals belong to the key tasks of the maintenance function. This management chain from the portfolio level down to the asset level is depicted in the more detailed way in Clause 6. 5.4 Management of maintenance process The management of maintenance process is based, as described above, on th
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