SIST EN ISO 5667-14:2017

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2017
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Water quality - Sampling - Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance and quality control of
environmental water sampling and handling (ISO 5667-14:2014)
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme - Teil 14: Anleitung zur Qualitätssicherung und
Qualitätskontrolle der umweltrelevanten Wasserprobenahme und -handhabung (ISO
5667-14:2014)
Qualité de l'eau - Échantillonnage - Partie 14: Lignes directrices pour le contrôle de la
qualité dans l'échantillonnage et la manutention des eaux environnementales (ISO 5667-
14:2014)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5667-14:2016
ICS:
13.060.45 Preiskava vode na splošno Examination of water in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 5667-14
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2016
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 13.060.45
English Version
Water quality - Sampling - Part 14: Guidance on quality
assurance and quality control of environmental water
sampling and handling (ISO 5667-14:2014)
Qualité de l'eau - Échantillonnage - Partie 14: Lignes Wasserbeschaffenheit - Probenahme - Teil 14:
directrices pour le contrôle de la qualité dans Anleitung zur Qualitätssicherung und
l'échantillonnage et la manutention des eaux Qualitätskontrolle bei der Entnahme und Handhabung
environnementales (ISO 5667-14:2014) von umweltrelevanten Wasserproben (ISO 5667-
14:2014)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 15 July 2016.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5667-14:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 5667-14:2014 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 147 “Water quality”
of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as EN
ISO 5667-14:2016 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 230 “Water analysis” the secretariat of which is
held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2017, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5667-14:2014 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5667-14:2016 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5667-14
Second edition
2014-12-15
Water quality — Sampling —
Part 14:
Guidance on quality assurance and
quality control of environmental
water sampling and handling
Qualité de l’eau — Échantillonnage —
Partie 14: Lignes directrices pour le contrôle de la qualité dans
l’échantillonnage et la manutention des eaux environnementales
Reference number
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
©
ISO 2014
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
© ISO 2014
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Geneva 20
Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11
Fax + 41 22 749 09 47
E-mail copyright@iso.org
Web www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Sources of sampling error . 4
5 Sampling quality . 5
5.1 General . 5
5.2 Technical and personnel requirements . 6
5.3 Sampling manual . 6
5.4 Training of sampling staff . 7
6 Strategy and organization . 7
6.1 Time, duration and frequency of sampling. 7
6.2 Sampling collection locations . 8
7 Sample collection and handling . 8
7.1 Equipment and vehicle check prior to carrying out a sampling programme . 8
7.2 Preparation for sampling on-site . 9
7.3 Field measurements . 9
7.4 Taking the samples . 9
8 Sample identification .12
9 Field sample protocol .12
10 Transport and storage of samples .12
11 Sampling quality control techniques .13
11.1 General .13
11.2 Replicate quality control samples .15
11.3 Field blank samples .16
11.4 Rinsing of equipment (sampling containers) .17
11.5 Filtration recovery .18
11.6 Technique 1 — Spiked samples .20
11.7 Technique 2 — Spiked environmental samples .22
12 Analysis and interpretation of quality control data .22
12.1 Shewhart control charts.22
12.2 Construction of duplicate control charts .23
13 Independent audits.23
[7]
Annex A (informative) Common sources of sampling error .25
Annex B (informative) Control charts .27
Annex C (informative) Sub-sampling using a homogenizer .31
Bibliography .34
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any
patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on
the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers
to Trade (TBT), see the following URL: Foreword — Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 147, Water quality, Subcommittee SC 6, Sampling
(general methods).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 5667-14:1998), which has been
technically revised.
ISO 5667 consists of the following parts, under the general title Water quality — Sampling:
— Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes
— Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
— Part 4: Guidance on sampling from lakes
— Part 5: Guidance on sampling of drinking water
— Part 6: Guidance on sampling of rivers and streams
— Part 7: Guidance on sampling of water and steam in boiler plants
— Part 8: Guidance on sampling of wet deposition
— Part 9: Guidance on sampling from marine waters
— Part 10: Guidance on sampling of waste waters
— Part 11: Guidance on sampling of groundwaters
— Part 12: Guidance on sampling of bottom sediments;
— Part 13: Guidance on sampling of water, waste water and related sludges
— Part 14: Guidance on quality assurance and quality control of environmental water sampling and handling
— Part 15: Guidance on preservation and handling of sludge and sediment samples
iv © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
— Part 16: Guidance on biotesting of samples
— Part 17: Guidance on sampling of suspended sediments
— Part 19: Guidance on sampling of marine sediments
— Part 20: Guidance on the use of sampling data for decision making – Compliance with thresholds and
classification systems
— Part 21: Guidance on sampling of drinking water distributed by tankers or means other than
distribution pipes
— Part 22: Guidance on design and installation of groundwater sample points
— Part 23: Guidance on passive sampling in surface waters
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Introduction
Sampling is the first step in carrying out chemical, physical and biological examinations. Therefore, the
goal of sampling should be to obtain a representative sample for the research question and to supply it
to the laboratory in the correct manner. Errors caused by improper sampling, sample pre-treatment,
transport and storage cannot be corrected.
This part of ISO 5667 specifies quality assurance and quality control procedures and provides additional
guidance on sampling of the various types of water covered in the specific parts of ISO 5667.
Quality control procedures are necessary for the collection of environmental water samples for the
following reasons:
a) to monitor the effectiveness of sampling methodology;
b) to demonstrate that the various stages of the sample collection process are adequately controlled
and suited to the intended purpose, including adequate control over sources of error such as
sample contamination, loss of determinand and sample instability. To achieve this, quality control
procedures should provide a means of detecting sampling error, and hence a means of rejecting
invalid or misleading data resulting from the sampling process;
c) to quantify and control the sources of error which arise in sampling. Quantification gives a guide to
the significance that sampling plays in the overall accuracy of data; and
d) to provide information on suitably abbreviated quality assurance procedures that might be used for
rapid sampling operations such as pollution incidents or groundwater investigations.
This part of ISO 5667 is one of a group of International Standards dealing with the sampling of waters.
It should be read in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 5667 and in particular with parts 1 and 3.
The general terminology is in accordance with that published.
vi © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Water quality — Sampling —
Part 14:
Guidance on quality assurance and quality control of
environmental water sampling and handling
WARNING — Consider and minimize any risks and obey safety rules. See ISO 5667-1 for certain
safety precautions, including sampling from boats and from ice-covered waters.
1 Scope
This part of ISO 5667 provides guidance on the selection and use of various quality assurance and quality
control techniques relating to the manual sampling of surface, potable, waste, marine and ground waters.
NOTE The general principles outlined in this part of ISO 5667 might, in some circumstances, be applicable to
sludge and sediment sampling.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5667-1:2006, Water quality — Sampling — Part 1: Guidance on the design of sampling programmes and
sampling techniques
ISO 5667-3:2012, Water quality — Sampling — Part 3: Preservation and handling of water samples
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a test result or measurement result and the true value
Note 1 to entry: In practice, the accepted reference value is substituted for the true value.
Note 2 to entry: The term accuracy, when applied to a set of test or measurement results, involves a combination
of random components and a common systematic error or bias component.
Note 3 to entry: Accuracy refers to a combination of trueness and precision.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.1]
3.2
bias
difference between the expectation of the test results or measurement result and a true value
Note 1 to entry: Bias is the total systematic error as contrasted to random error. There may be one or more
systematic error components contributing to the bias. A larger systematic difference from the true value is
reflected by a larger bias value.
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Note 2 to entry: The bias of a measuring instrument is normally estimated by averaging the error of indication
over an appropriate number of repeated measurements. The error of indication is the: “indication of a measuring
instrument minus a true value of the corresponding input quantity”.
Note 3 to entry: In practice, the accepted reference value is substituted for the true value.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.2]
3.3
precision
closeness of agreement between independent test/measurement results obtained under stipulated
conditions
Note 1 to entry: Precision depends only on the distribution of random errors and does not relate to the true value
or the specified value.
Note 2 to entry: The measure of precision is usually expressed in terms of imprecision and computed as a standard
deviation of the test results or measurement results. Less precision is reflected by a larger standard deviation.
Note 3 to entry: Quantitative measures of precision depend critically on the stipulated conditions. Repeatability
conditions and reproducibility conditions are particular sets of extreme stipulated conditions.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.3.4]
3.4
representativeness
extent to which the condition of all the samples taken from the body of water reflects conditions in
water of interest
3.5
blank
observed value obtained when measurement is made on a sample identical to the sample of interest, but
in the absence of the determinand
Note 1 to entry: Deionised water; distilled water can be used as blank samples which are prepared in the laboratory
prior to sampling.
3.6
field blank
container prepared in the laboratory, using reagent water or other blank matrix, and sent with the sampling
personnel for exposure to the sampling environment to verify possible contamination during sampling
[SOURCE: ISO 11074:2005, 4.5.3]
3.7
spike
known quantity of determinand which is added to a sample, usually for the purpose of estimating the
systematic error of an analytical system by means of a recovery exercise
3.8
recovery
extent to which a known, added quantity of determinand in a sample can be measured by an
analytical system
Note 1 to entry: Recovery is calculated from the difference between results obtained from a spiked (3.7) and an
unspiked aliquot of sample and is usually expressed as a percentage.
3.9
control chart
chart on which some statistical measure of a series of samples is plotted in a particular order to steer
the process with respect to that measure and to control and reduce variation
Note 1 to entry: The particular order is usually based on time or sample number order.
2 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Note 2 to entry: The control chart operates most effectively when the measure is a process variable which is
correlated with an ultimate product or service characteristic.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.3.1]
3.10
Shewhart control chart
control chart with Shewhart control limits intended primarily to distinguish between the variation in
the plotted measure due to random causes and that due to special causes
Note 1 to entry: This could be a chart using attributes (for example, proportion nonconforming) for evaluating a
process, or it could be a chart using variables (for example, average and range) for evaluating a process. Examples are:
a) X-bar chart — the sample means are plotted in order to control the mean value of a variable;
b) R chart — the sample ranges are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable;
c) s chart — the sample standard deviations are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable;
d) s chart — the sample variances are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable;
e) C chart — the number of defectives (per batch, per day, per machine, etc.) is plotted.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.3.2, modified — Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.11
action limits
control limits between which the statistic under consideration lies with a very high probability when
the process is under statistical control
Note 1 to entry: Action lines are drawn on a control chart to represent action limits.
Note 2 to entry: When the measure plotted lies beyond an action limit, appropriate corrective action is taken
on the process.
Note 3 to entry: These limits are based on the assumption that only 0,3 % of normally distributed results will fall
outside these limits. Such an occurrence would strongly indicate that additional, assignable causes of variation
might be present and that action might be required to identify and reduce them.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.4.4, modified — Note 3 to entry has been added.]
3.12
warning limits
control limits between which the statistic under consideration lies with a high probability when the
process is under statistical control
Note 1 to entry: Warning lines are drawn on a control chart to represent warning limits.
Note 2 to entry: When the value of the statistic plotted lies outside a warning limit, but within the action limit
(3.11), increased supervision of the process, to pre-specified rules, is generally required.
Note 3 to entry: The limits are calculated from the standard deviation of the statistic under consideration of at
least 10 samples. Warning and action control limits are applied to individual sampling results.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 2.4.3, modified — Note 3 to entry has been added.]
3.13
uncertainty
measurement uncertainty
non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a
measurand based on the information used
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 99:2007, 2.26, modified — The notes to entry are not included here.]
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
3.14
true value
value which characterizes a quantity or quantitative characteristic perfectly defined in the conditions
which exist when that quantity or quantitative characteristic is considered
Note 1 to entry: The true value of a quantity or quantitative characteristic is a theoretical concept and, in general,
cannot be known exactly.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.2.5, modified — Note 2 to entry is not included here.]
3.15
accepted reference value
value that serves as an agreed-upon reference for comparison
Note 1 to entry: The accepted reference value is derived as:
a) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific principles;
b) an assigned or certified value, based on experimental work of some national or international organization;
c) a consensus or certified value, based on collaborative experimental work under the auspices of a scientific or
technical group;
d) the expectation, i.e. the mean of a specified set of measurements, when a), b) and c) are not available.
[SOURCE: ISO 3534-2:2006, 3.2.7]
4 Sources of sampling error
Sources of sampling errors include the following:
a) Contamination
Contamination can be caused by sampling equipment materials (sampling containers and sample
containers) by cross-contamination between samples and by sample preservation and inappropriate
storage and transport arrangements.
b) Sample instability
The type of sampling vessels and containers used can affect the stability of the determinand between
sampling and analysis due to the inherent instability of the sample itself and the conditions in which
samples are stored and transported.
c) Incorrect preservation
The choice of sampling vessels and containers affects the integrity of the determinand and the
options for preservation which may be available, as detailed in ISO 5667-3.
d) Incorrect sampling
Deviation from the sampling procedure, or the procedure itself, might be a source of error.
e) Sampling from non-homogenized water bodies
f) Sample transportation
Figure 1 illustrates various sources of sampling error: environment, personnel, materials, methods,
preservation and transportation. Further examples of common sources of sampling error are given in
Annex A.
4 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
Figure 1 — Sources of sampling error
5 Sampling quality
5.1 General
A programme to establish sampling quality should be established for every series of sampling, so as to
ensure that data resulting from sampling programmes are both trustworthy and scientifically credible.
Mistakes in any step of the sampling procedure can result in substantial errors within the resulting data.
Laboratories that analyse collected samples usually have rigorous programmes of quality assurance and
quality control (QA/QC) as required by national regulation and conforming to ISO/IEC 17025. However,
such laboratory programmes of QA/QC cannot substitute for the rigorous sampling quality programmes
required for the collection and handling of samples prior to delivery to laboratories for analysis.
Sampling quality programmes comprise all the steps taken to ensure that valid results are produced.
Sampling quality programmes include documented evidence that the individuals who collect samples
are competent and well trained, that appropriate sample collection and sample handling methods were
employed, that equipment were maintained and calibrated, that correct practices were followed and
that records are both complete and secure. It is important to establish a quality assurance programme
and quality control effective for the characterization and reduction of errors. Depending on the objective
(e.g. to check for any contamination of the sample at different points in the sampling procedure, and
identify potential problems), the quality control set up will be different. See Table 1.
Table 1 — Means of quality control for different objectives
Objective Means to implement
Check the absence of contamination Blank environmental, Field blank, Transport blank, Equipment
blank, Filter blank
Calculate the sampling precision Duplicate sample
Check the stability of the sample Spiking
Particular importance should be given to careful measurement of analyses performed on-site and
to correct recording of determinand results. Reference should be made to ISO/TS 13530 regarding
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
analytical quality control for water analysis and to ISO 15839 regarding online sensors/analysing
equipment for water.
Since analysing laboratories have expertise regarding QA/QC, it is suggested they be actively involved
in the design and evaluation of sampling quality programmes.
5.2 Technical and personnel requirements
To take a sample correctly, adequate and cleaned equipment [such as sample containers, sampling devices,
filtration equipment, a homogenizer, an intermediate container (funnel, spoon), and measurement
equipment for on-site analysis] should be held in sufficient numbers. Regular maintenance of all
equipment should be guaranteed.
The sampling vehicle and the facility should be equipped in accordance with the requirements for
sampling (laboratory vehicle).
The sampling personnel should have relevant professional training, e.g. completed vocational education
as a chemical laboratory assistant or specialist for waste water engineering. An essential prerequisite
is appropriate initial job-training and regular training of sampling personnel. Participation in internal
and/or external training should be documented (see 5.4).
A regular exchange of information between client, sampling personnel and laboratory personnel
improves the quality of sampling and testing. All the necessary information for a sampling of ensured
[7]
quality should be placed at the sampling personnel’s disposal.
5.3 Sampling manual
5.3.1 For sampling, the general requirements related to the competence of testing and calibration
laboratories should be applied.
[7]
Procedures or operating instructions should be prepared and should include the following issues:
a) sampling (matrix-based);
b) on-site measurement;
c) pre-treatment of samples;
d) preservation of samples (parameter-based);
e) sample transport, storage and sample delivery/reception.
Each person responsible for collecting water samples should carry an up-to-date sampling manual on-
site. This manual should provide specific guidance regarding the sampling methods to be employed,
sample handling and preservation, analytical methods for measurements to be performed at the
sampling site, procedures to be followed when transporting samples to the laboratory and method
details pertaining to any online continuous sensor type equipment to be utilized. It is suggested that
the sampling manual should additionally detail all quality assurance procedures to be employed when
collecting samples, when taking on-site measurements, when transporting samples to laboratory and
when using or checking continuous monitoring equipment.
5.3.2 The sampling manual should specify:
a) the types of bottles or containers, their closures and the specific purposes for which they are to be used;
b) where relevant, the cleaning procedure and shelf life for bottles, containers and closures used for
each parameter, including the amount and type of preservative to be added (e.g. first draw, flushed,
stagnation) and the procedure for collecting samples for different parameters;
c) the sampling procedure for each parameter, including the type of sample to be collected;
6 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
d) the frequency and order of sampling;
e) the conditions of storage and transport of samples and the maximum time that can elapse before
analysis should commence for each parameter; and
f) the description of preservation reagents (including usual colour), plus appropriate safety measures
in case of spill, or contact with skin or eyes.
It is recommended that the manual additionally provide guidance as to appropriate sampling responses
when unusual conditions are identified, plus a contingency plan for emergency conditions.
NOTE If laptop computers are used in the field, it is convenient to have electronic versions of manuals.
Using electronic templates and spreadsheets can reduce errors in recording information and provide automatic
calculations.
5.4 Training of sampling staff
All sampling staff should be fully trained before being allowed to work unsupervised. Training should
include if relevant:
a) principles and practices of water supply and distribution;
b) principles and practices of water supply hygiene;
c) introductory knowledge in the field of interest, e.g. of water chemistry and of microbiology;
d) knowledge of water supply vulnerabilities to contamination including case studies of genuine
contamination events with emphasis upon faecal contamination;
e) experience in all aspects of sampling;
f) supervised experience with laboratory techniques if staff are expected to take analytical
measurements or to operate online monitoring equipment;
g) review of this part of ISO 5667 plus review of relevant clauses of reference standards; and
h) the full content of the sampling manual with special emphasis on identifying and safely coping with
or avoiding potential hazards.
Once trained, all sampling staff performance should be subject to regular review. Monitoring and review
procedures, criteria for satisfactory performance and policy on retraining should be documented.
This training should be updated on a regular basis. More detailed information about requirements for
training of personnel is given in ISO/IEC 17025.
A training record should be produced for each staff member detailing the training given, with dates and
assessment of competence, results of evaluation reviews, retraining or further training given and any
re-assessment of competence. An annual review of such training is considered the minimum.
6 Strategy and organization
6.1 Time, duration and frequency of sampling
The purpose of sampling is to obtain a representative sample for the study goal. This refers to:
a) the temporal representativeness;
b) the local representativeness; and
c) the applicable sampling technique.
ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
This assumes that the sampling is carefully planned with respect to the expenditure of time, the
[7]
appropriate vehicle and equipment as well as the professionally qualified staff needed.
Time, duration and frequency can vary widely in the investigation of, for example, waste waters, surface
waters and groundwaters. Their appointments are based on legislation, issues or other circumstances.
For further information, see ISO 5667-1 and the type of water-specific standards of ISO 5667-series.
6.2 Sampling collection locations
To get a first idea of the sampling point, it is useful to review existing documentation. The documentation
is defined by the position coordinates (easting and northing values). It includes maps (overview and
detail), and photos (taken in different seasons if necessary). In practice, the GPS navigation handsets
[7]
with topographical maps have proved useful. For further information, see ISO 5667-1 and the type of
water-specific standards of ISO 5667-series.
It is absolutely necessary to check the sampling point according to the local circumstances. Only on-site
is it possible to assess whether a sampling point is representative for the area to be examined and the
research in question, and whether the sampling point is easily accessible.
7 Sample collection and handling
7.1 Equipment and vehicle check prior to carrying out a sampling programme
The sampling personnel should receive a clearly formulated sampling order. Then the sampling is
prepared on the basis of the operating instructions. To provide the materials and equipment as well as
their preparation for sampling, the responsibilities between client, laboratory and sampling personnel
[8]
should be clearly defined.
[7]
The main steps of preparation for sampling are:
a) provision of cleaned sampling equipment, intermediate container and devices for sample pre-
treatment (homogenization, filtration);
b) provision of cleaned sample containers and their seals in sufficient numbers according to the
examined parameters/parameter groups. It should be ensured that the containers are transported
closed; no changes can be allowed to occur to the parameters/parameter groups that are to be
examined due to the material of the containers by contamination, adsorption, diffusion or outgassing;
c) provision of material (e.g. labels for labelling the sample containers);
d) provision of material for sample preservation and the necessary dispensers;
e) provision of sampling documents consisting of sampling order, sampling protocol and sampling
point documentation;
f) provision of and preparation of equipment for on-site measurements (e.g. temperature, oxygen, pH-
value, conductivity, turbidity and test solutions required for on-site testing);
g) provision of appropriate protective and safety equipment;
h) provision of valid access authorizations (e.g. special permits, trafficability allowances, company ID
cards, keys);
i) preparation of the sampling vehicle with regard to operating and traffic safety; cleanliness, and
refrigeration unit of the vehicle
j) slip-resistant and damage-free loading of devices and equipment in the sampling vehicle-storage
devices (as equipment in situ, boxes, …) with good distribution in the vehicle.
8 © ISO 2014 – All rights reserved

ISO 5667-14:2014(E)
7.2 Preparation for sampling on-site
It is important to:
a) verify the accuracy of sampling location (coordinates, sampling point number, exact position [e.g.
bank (left/right), river-centre];
b) monitor the sampling conditions (date, time, weather, specifics on and in the waters, if necessary
record water level and flow);
c) select sampling equipment and sample containers by type and material;
d) ensure that cleaned equipment is used at each sampling. It is useful to have a number of sampling
devices readily available. If this is not possible, the sampling devices should be cleaned by pre-
rinsing with sample material or deionized water to prevent any carryover of sample constituents. In
certain cases (e.g. high concentration of solid matters or visible presence of oils and fats), sampling
devices may not be pre-rinsed with sample material;
e) check the marked sample containers for correctness and completeness or to label permanently.
7.3 Field measurements
The on-site measurements should be performed before the actual sampling, since they might still be able
to give instructions that should be followed for sampling. The measurements can either be performed
directly in the medium to be sampled, or in a spot sample to be discarded after the measurement. In
scoop or sample collection containers, sensors or electrodes should not be used in combination because
[8]
the use of various sensors could contribute to the contamination of the sample.
It is important to ensure that on-site instruments are regularly calibrated. Functional tests and
calibrations as well as the type of documentation are set for each parameter in the operation instruction.
On-site verification of equipment in situ before and after series of measurement should be performed.
Measure and record the temperature of the sample on the site. Physical parameters (for example pH,
dissolved gases, suspended solids) should be determined on-site, or as soon as possible afterwards. The
pH-measurement in ion-poor waters with low buffering capacity or in saline waters requires special
measuring conditions. For certain oxygen sensors, a minimum flow or agitation should be guaranteed.
Provide alternative sensors in case of breakage.
The results of these operations (metrological control of field devices, management of calibration
solutions) should be recorded and stored.
7.4 Taking the samples
7.4.1 Spot samples
Spot samples are needed to capture the current state with regard to time and/or location from a body of
water. They should be taken in particular when a short-term change in the concentration of the analytes
to be determined is to be expected in the sample. The reasons for this can be strong outgassing, faster
degradation, adsorption or contamination. When scooping the sample by means of suitable devices,
these effects are reduced.
The direct filling of the spot sample into the sa
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