SIST ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1:2024

ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment;
Part 1: Power consumption - static measurement method

2 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)

Reference
RES/EE-EEPS70
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, NR,
power measurement, WCDMA
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ETSI
3 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Assessment method . 12
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 12
5.0 Introduction . 12
5.1 Reference configurations . 12
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 14
5.2.0 Introduction. 14
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 15
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 15
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 15
5.2.4 Power supply . 16
6 Static Power Measurement . 16
6.0 Introduction . 16
6.1 Measurement methods . 16
6.1.0 Introduction. 16
6.1.1 Test setup for conducted power measurement . 17
6.1.2 Test setup for radiated power measurement. 18
6.1.3 Power measurement procedure . 19
6.1.4 Power measurement in RF sharing mode . 19
6.1.5 Power measurement of multi-band configurations . 20
6.1.5.0 Introduction . 20
6.1.5.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS . 20
6.1.5.2 Specific configurations for dual band GSM . 20
6.1.5.3 Specific configurations for dual band LTE (LTE-A) . 20
6.1.5.4 Specific configurations for dual band and dual technology . 21
6.2 Uncertainty . 21
7 Calculation results . 21
7.1 Load distribution profile . 21
7.2 Integrated base station . 21
7.2.0 Introduction. 21
7.2.1 Calculation of average power consumption of integrated BS . 22
7.2.2 Calculation of daily energy consumption of integrated BS . 22
7.3 Distributed base station . 22
7.3.0 Introduction. 22
7.3.1 Calculation of average power consumption of distributed BS . 22
7.3.2 Calculation of daily energy consumption of distributed BS . 23
8 Measurement report . 23
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 24
A.1 General information to be reported . 24
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4 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
A.2 Static measurement report . 25
Annex B (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 27
Annex C (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 29
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 30
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for NR system . 34
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for multi-standard system. 36
Annex G (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 38
G.0 Introduction . 38
G.1 General requirements . 38
G.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 39
G.2.0 Introduction . 39
G.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 39
G.2.1.1 Measurement equipment . 39
G.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables . 39
G.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 39
G.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters. 39
G.2.3 Variance of device under test . 39
G.3 Uncertainty assessment . 40
G.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 40
G.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 40
G.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 40
Annex H (informative): Example assessment . 41
Annex I (informative): Interpolation method . 43
Annex J (informative): Load placement examples . 44
Annex K (informative): Bibliography . 48
Annex L (informative): Change history . 49
History . 50

ETSI
5 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment, as identified below:
ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Power consumption - static measurement method";
ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, gNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS).
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6 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
The present document defines the measurement method for the evaluation of base station power consumption and
energy consumption with static load:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artificially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• Daily average energy consumption.
ETSI TS 102 706-2 [i.8] defines energy efficiency measurement of the LTE base station with dynamic load, and ETSI
TS 103 786 [i.10] defines energy efficiency measurement of the NR base station with dynamic load.

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7 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
1 Scope
The present document version covers base stations with the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
• NR.
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption and RF output
power. Within the present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements provide power and energy consumption figures for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the BS power and energy consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of complete base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations (as defined in ETSI TS 125 104 [2], ETSI TS 136 104 [12],
and ETSI TS 138 104 [15]) are covered in the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[5] Void.
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141)".
[8] Void.
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8 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
[9] Void.
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] Void.
[14] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 3: Up to 400 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[15] ETSI TS 138 104: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP
TS 38.104)".
[16] ETSI TS 138 141-1: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 1: Conducted
conformance testing (3GPP TS 38.141-1)".
[17] ETSI TS 138 141-2: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 2: Radiated
conformance testing (3GPP TS 38.141-2)".
[18] ETSI TS 138 211: "5G; NR; Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 38.211)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3:2008: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); GSM/EDGE
Radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Base Station
System (BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to EN 62018 (produced by CENELEC).
[i.7] Void.
[i.8] ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic
measurement method".
[i.9] ETSI TR 103 117: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Principles for Mobile Network level energy
efficiency".
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9 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
[i.10] ETSI TS 103 786: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment; Dynamic energy efficiency measurement method of 5G
Base Station (BS)".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
BS type 1-C: NR BS operating at FR1, with a conducted interface (antenna connectors available)
BS type 1-H: NR BS operating at FR1, with both a conducted (TAB connectors) and a radiated interface
BS type 1-O: NR BS operating at FR1, with only a radiated interface (no antenna connectors available)
BS type 2-O: NR BS operating at FR2, with only a radiated interface (no antenna connectors available)
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
energy consumption: integral of power consumption over time
full load: operating mode including all radio resources and 100 % traffic conditions
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration
medium load: medium measurement level of radio resource configuration
medium range BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) above 24 dBm and less than or
equal to 38 dBm
NOTE 1: According to ETSI TS 136 104 [12], ETSI TS 125 104 [2] and ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
NOTE 2: For BS type 1-O and BS type 2-O specific definitions apply according to ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
multi-band base station: configuration which allows the simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency
bands
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
radiated interface boundary: reference where the radiated requirements apply for BS type 1-O and 2-O
NOTE: For requirements based on EIRP, the radiated interface boundary is associated to the far-field region.
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10 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
rated output power: mean power level per carrier that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna
connector
NOTE: For FDD BS, rated output power is the mean power level per carrier that the manufacturer has declared to
be available at the antenna connector. For TDD BS rated output power is the mean power level per carrier
over an active timeslot that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna connector.
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
transceiver array boundary: conducted interface between the transceiver unit array and the composite antenna for BS
type 1-H
wide area BS: Base Station that is characterized by a Rated output Power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm
NOTE 1: According to ETSI TS 136 104 [12], ETSI TS 125 104 [2], and ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
NOTE 2: For BS type 1-O and BS type 2-O specific definitions apply according to ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AAS Active Antenna System
AAU Active Antenna Unit
AC Alternating Current
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
BH Busy Hour
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CA Carrier Aggregation
CATR Compact Antenna Test Range
CCE Control Channel Element
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical CHannel
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FL Full Load
FR1 Frequency Range 1 (450 MHz - 6 000 MHz), defined for NR
FR2 Frequency Range 2 (24 250 MHz - 52 600 MHz), defined for NR
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GP Guard Period
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
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11 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MU-MIMO Multi-User MIMO
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NR New Radio
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
OTA Over The Air
PBCH Physical Broadcast Control CHannel
PC Power for Central Part
P Primary cell
cell
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging CHannel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Probability Density Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator CHannel
PRAT Rated output Power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
RE Resource Element
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RIB Radiated Interface Boundary
RMSI Remaining Minimum System Information
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SA Subframe Assignment
S Secondary cell
cell
SCH Synchronization Channel
SCS Sub-Carrier Spacing
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SF Spreading Factor
SIB1 System Information Block 1
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SS Synchronization Signal
SSB Synchronization Signal Block
SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
SW SoftWare
TAB Transceiver Array Boundary
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TTI Transmission Time Interval
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
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12 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment average power and energy consumption for which the present
document defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS RF
output power, power consumption and calculating daily average energy consumption.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test (clause A.1):
1.1) Identify BS basic parameters.
1.2) List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes B, C, D and E).
1.3) List used power saving features.
2) Measure BS RF output power and corresponding equipment power consumption for required load levels
(clauses 5 and 6).
3) Calculate average power consumption and daily energy consumption (clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement and calculation results (clause A.2).
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.0 Introduction
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (such as BSC or RNC, [i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, NR) in the
corresponding annexes (annexes B to E).
These configurations include integrated BS (Figure 1) and distributed BS (Figure 2), mast head amplifiers, remote radio
heads, RF feeder cables, number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity,
MIMO.
With Active Antenna Systems (AAS), used in NR, more BS types are defined in ETSI TS 138 104 [15]:
• BS type 1-C: NR BS operating at FR1, with a conducted interface (antenna connectors available). This
corresponds to legacy integrated BS and distributed BS, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.
• BS type 1-H: Distributed NR BS operating at FR1, with both a conducted (at TAB connectors) and a radiated
interface at the RIB.
• BS type 1-O and 2-O: Distributed NR BS operating at FR1 or FR2, respectively, with only a radiated interface
at the RIB.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.3
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
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13 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the BS capacity, shall be included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (This is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (Not considered in WCDMA and HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial
multiplexing" shall be according to ETSI TS 136 211 [10] (2×2 DL MIMO). NR: Rank 1, single layer
transmission, (MU-MIMO)).
Figure 1: Integrated BS model (example)
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14 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)

Figure 2: Distributed BS model (example)
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.0 Introduction
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface in order to allow long term data
recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %:
 An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
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15 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
 The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.6].
• RF output power, conducted measurement:
- ±0,4 dB.
• RF output power, radiated measurement:
- ±1,2 dB (beam peak direction).
5.2.1 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used.
EXAMPLE: A typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three sector configuration. If a BS is designed for dual or single sector applications, it shall be
tested in its designed configuration.
The connection to the BS test control unit via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based
interface (e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration.
Additional power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The power saving features and used SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal
Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various BS models and additionally their RF output power
tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure
the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the BS (conducted measurement, clause 6.1.1), or Over The
Air (OTA) for BS types where RF output connectors are not accessible (radiated measurement, clause 6.1.2).
During the test the BS shall be operated with the nominal RF output powers which would be applied in commercial
operation regarding the reference networks and the traffic profiles listed in annexes B, C, D and E.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from the corresponding 3GPP and GERAN specifications for the air-interface, e.g. [2] for
WCDMA/HSPA, LTE [12] and NR [15], shall be fulfilled.
5.2.3 Environmental conditions
The environmental conditions under which the BS has to be tested are defined in Table 1.
The measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are reached. For this
purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a minimum operation time
of one hour before conducting measurements. Also after change of traffic load, a minimum operation time of one hour
shall be applied before conducting measurements again.
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16 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Table 1: BS environmental conditions
Condition Minimum Maximum
Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 060 mbar)
Relative Humidity 20 % 85 %
Vibration Negligible
Temperature +25 °C and +40 °C
Temperature accuracy ±2 °C
5.2.4 Power supply
For the measurements, the following operating voltage values shall be used. Equipment designed for non-standard
power supply voltages shall use the nominal equipment operating voltage (±2,5 % tolerance).
Nominal values and operating values shall be according to Table 2 and the related ETSI standards.
Table 2: Operating voltages during testing
Supply type Nominal value Operating value during testing Related ETSI standards
AC (230 V) 230 V 230 V (±2,5 %) ETSI EN 300 132-1 [3]
DC (-48V) -48 V ETSI EN 300 132-2 [4]
-54,5 V (±2,5 %)
DC (400 V) Max. 400 V 380 V (±2,5 %) ETSI EN 300 132-3 [14]

6 Static Power Measurement
6.0 Introduction
Four load levels are used for the BS power consumption and RF output power test:
• Full Load (FL);
• Busy Hour load (BH);
• medium load (med); and
• low load (low).
They are specified for each radio access technology respectively in annexes B, C, D and E. In case of a distributed BS
architecture (e.g. RRH) the power consumption shall be measured for the central baseband unit and remote radio units
separately.
NOTE 1: Other load levels are optional and may be measured or interpolated as described in annex I.
NOTE 2: In case of distributed BS with Active Antenna Units (AAU), only comparisons of complete distributed
BS should be done, unless same distribution of functionality has been verified.
BS-internal power saving features can be used during testing. In that case, the BS test control unit is allowed to activate
and deactivate the features. Used features shall be listed in the measurement report.
6.1 Measurement methods
6.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes the methods to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as
listed in the references in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed in
addition to the requirements of clause 5.
ETSI
17 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
The BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 for conducted and
radiated measurements, respectively.
6.1.1 Test setup for conducted power measurement

NOTE: BS as defined in Figure 1 (integrated BS) or Figure 2 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with
build in AC power supply, otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.

Figure 3: Test set-up for conducted power measurement (example for three sectors)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements. Each RF
output (antenna) connector is terminated with a dummy load. The RF output power shall be measured at each antenna
connector and reported in the measurement report.
The BS shall be stimulated via the BS controller interface by the emulation of the test-models in conjunction with the
traffic profiles and reference parameters given in annexes B, C, D and E.
ETSI
18 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
6.1.2 Test setup for radiated power measurement

NOTE: BS as defined in Figure 2 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with build in AC power supply,
otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.

Figure 4: Test set-up for radiated power measurements (example for one sector)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements.
BS type 1-O and BS type 2-O are declared to support one or more beams, as per manufacturer's declarations specified in
ETSI TS 138 141-2 [17]. Radiated transmit power is defined as the EIRP level for a declared beam at a specific beam
peak direction.
Each beam is based on declaration of a beam identity, beamwidth, radiated peak directions set, the beam direction at the
maximum steering directions and their associated rated beam EIRP and beamwidth.
For a declared beam, the rated beam EIRP level is the maximum power that the base station is declared to radiate at the
associated beam peak direction during the transmitter ON period.
For each beam peak direction within the radiated peak directions set, a specific beam EIRP level may be measured.
The following configuration shall be measured:
• Maximum EIRP at beam peak direction.
The EIRP shall be measured over-the-air as specified in ETSI TS 138 141-2 [17], with the BS configured such that the
beam peak direction of the declared beam with the highest intended EIRP aligns with the RF power measurement
equipment antenna
...

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2024
Okoljski inženiring (EE) - Metrika in metoda merjenja energijske učinkovitosti
opreme brezžičnega dostopovnega omrežja - 1. del: Poraba energije - Statična
merilna metoda
Environmental Engineering (EE) - Metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment - Part 1: Power consumption - static
measurement method
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
ICS:
19.040 Preskušanje v zvezi z Environmental testing
okoljem
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
33.070.50 Globalni sistem za mobilno Global System for Mobile
telekomunikacijo (GSM) Communication (GSM)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Metrics and measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment;
Part 1: Power consumption - static measurement method

2 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)

Reference
RES/EE-EEPS70
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, NR,
power measurement, WCDMA
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ETSI
3 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Assessment method . 12
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 12
5.0 Introduction . 12
5.1 Reference configurations . 12
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 14
5.2.0 Introduction. 14
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 15
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 15
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 15
5.2.4 Power supply . 16
6 Static Power Measurement . 16
6.0 Introduction . 16
6.1 Measurement methods . 16
6.1.0 Introduction. 16
6.1.1 Test setup for conducted power measurement . 17
6.1.2 Test setup for radiated power measurement. 18
6.1.3 Power measurement procedure . 19
6.1.4 Power measurement in RF sharing mode . 19
6.1.5 Power measurement of multi-band configurations . 20
6.1.5.0 Introduction . 20
6.1.5.1 Configuration of a multi-band BS . 20
6.1.5.2 Specific configurations for dual band GSM . 20
6.1.5.3 Specific configurations for dual band LTE (LTE-A) . 20
6.1.5.4 Specific configurations for dual band and dual technology . 21
6.2 Uncertainty . 21
7 Calculation results . 21
7.1 Load distribution profile . 21
7.2 Integrated base station . 21
7.2.0 Introduction. 21
7.2.1 Calculation of average power consumption of integrated BS . 22
7.2.2 Calculation of daily energy consumption of integrated BS . 22
7.3 Distributed base station . 22
7.3.0 Introduction. 22
7.3.1 Calculation of average power consumption of distributed BS . 22
7.3.2 Calculation of daily energy consumption of distributed BS . 23
8 Measurement report . 23
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 24
A.1 General information to be reported . 24
ETSI
4 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
A.2 Static measurement report . 25
Annex B (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 27
Annex C (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 29
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 30
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for NR system . 34
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for multi-standard system. 36
Annex G (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 38
G.0 Introduction . 38
G.1 General requirements . 38
G.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 39
G.2.0 Introduction . 39
G.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 39
G.2.1.1 Measurement equipment . 39
G.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables . 39
G.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 39
G.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters. 39
G.2.3 Variance of device under test . 39
G.3 Uncertainty assessment . 40
G.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 40
G.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 40
G.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 40
Annex H (informative): Example assessment . 41
Annex I (informative): Interpolation method . 43
Annex J (informative): Load placement examples . 44
Annex K (informative): Bibliography . 48
Annex L (informative): Change history . 49
History . 50

ETSI
5 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The declarations
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, are publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be
found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to
ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the
ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI Directives including the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation regarding the essentiality of IPRs,
including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not
referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become,
essential to the present document.
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ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
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oneM2M Partners. GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the metrics and measurement method for energy
efficiency of wireless access network equipment, as identified below:
ETSI ES 202 706-1: "Power consumption - static measurement method";
ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Energy Efficiency - dynamic measurement method".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the energy
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also referred to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, gNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS).
ETSI
6 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
The present document defines the measurement method for the evaluation of base station power consumption and
energy consumption with static load:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artificially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• Daily average energy consumption.
ETSI TS 102 706-2 [i.8] defines energy efficiency measurement of the LTE base station with dynamic load, and ETSI
TS 103 786 [i.10] defines energy efficiency measurement of the NR base station with dynamic load.

ETSI
7 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
1 Scope
The present document version covers base stations with the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
• NR.
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption and RF output
power. Within the present document it is referred to as static measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements provide power and energy consumption figures for BS under static load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the BS power and energy consumption.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power and energy consumption of complete base stations.
Wide Area Base Stations and Medium Range Base Stations (as defined in ETSI TS 125 104 [2], ETSI TS 136 104 [12],
and ETSI TS 138 104 [15]) are covered in the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] ETSI EN 300 132-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 1: Alternating Current (AC)".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 2: -48 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[5] Void.
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141)".
[8] Void.
ETSI
8 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
[9] Void.
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] Void.
[14] ETSI EN 300 132-3: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input of
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) equipment; Part 3: Up to 400 V Direct Current
(DC)".
[15] ETSI TS 138 104: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP
TS 38.104)".
[16] ETSI TS 138 141-1: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 1: Conducted
conformance testing (3GPP TS 38.141-1)".
[17] ETSI TS 138 141-2: "5G; NR; Base Station (BS) conformance testing Part 2: Radiated
conformance testing (3GPP TS 38.141-2)".
[18] ETSI TS 138 211: "5G; NR; Physical channels and modulation (3GPP TS 38.211)".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3:2008: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); GSM/EDGE
Radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Base Station
System (BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to EN 62018 (produced by CENELEC).
[i.7] Void.
[i.8] ETSI TS 102 706-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Metrics and Measurement Method for
Energy Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment; Part 2: Energy Efficiency - dynamic
measurement method".
[i.9] ETSI TR 103 117: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Principles for Mobile Network level energy
efficiency".
ETSI
9 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
[i.10] ETSI TS 103 786: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for energy efficiency
of wireless access network equipment; Dynamic energy efficiency measurement method of 5G
Base Station (BS)".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
BS type 1-C: NR BS operating at FR1, with a conducted interface (antenna connectors available)
BS type 1-H: NR BS operating at FR1, with both a conducted (TAB connectors) and a radiated interface
BS type 1-O: NR BS operating at FR1, with only a radiated interface (no antenna connectors available)
BS type 2-O: NR BS operating at FR2, with only a radiated interface (no antenna connectors available)
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
efficiency: relation between the useful output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
energy consumption: integral of power consumption over time
full load: operating mode including all radio resources and 100 % traffic conditions
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
low load: lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration
medium load: medium measurement level of radio resource configuration
medium range BS: Base Station that is characterized by a rated output power (PRAT) above 24 dBm and less than or
equal to 38 dBm
NOTE 1: According to ETSI TS 136 104 [12], ETSI TS 125 104 [2] and ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
NOTE 2: For BS type 1-O and BS type 2-O specific definitions apply according to ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
multi-band base station: configuration which allows the simultaneous operation on at least two different frequency
bands
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
radiated interface boundary: reference where the radiated requirements apply for BS type 1-O and 2-O
NOTE: For requirements based on EIRP, the radiated interface boundary is associated to the far-field region.
ETSI
10 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
rated output power: mean power level per carrier that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna
connector
NOTE: For FDD BS, rated output power is the mean power level per carrier that the manufacturer has declared to
be available at the antenna connector. For TDD BS rated output power is the mean power level per carrier
over an active timeslot that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna connector.
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
transceiver array boundary: conducted interface between the transceiver unit array and the composite antenna for BS
type 1-H
wide area BS: Base Station that is characterized by a Rated output Power (PRAT) greater than 38 dBm
NOTE 1: According to ETSI TS 136 104 [12], ETSI TS 125 104 [2], and ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
NOTE 2: For BS type 1-O and BS type 2-O specific definitions apply according to ETSI TS 138 104 [15].
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AAS Active Antenna System
AAU Active Antenna Unit
AC Alternating Current
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
BH Busy Hour
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CA Carrier Aggregation
CATR Compact Antenna Test Range
CCE Control Channel Element
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical CHannel
CP Cyclic Prefix
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
FDD Frequency Division Duplex
FL Full Load
FR1 Frequency Range 1 (450 MHz - 6 000 MHz), defined for NR
FR2 Frequency Range 2 (24 250 MHz - 52 600 MHz), defined for NR
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GP Guard Period
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
ETSI
11 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
LTE Long Term Evolution
LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
MNO Mobile Network Operator
MU-MIMO Multi-User MIMO
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NR New Radio
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
OTA Over The Air
PBCH Physical Broadcast Control CHannel
PC Power for Central Part
P Primary cell
cell
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging CHannel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Probability Density Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator CHannel
PRAT Rated output Power
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSS Primary Synchronization Signal
RE Resource Element
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RIB Radiated Interface Boundary
RMSI Remaining Minimum System Information
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SA Subframe Assignment
S Secondary cell
cell
SCH Synchronization Channel
SCS Sub-Carrier Spacing
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SF Spreading Factor
SIB1 System Information Block 1
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SS Synchronization Signal
SSB Synchronization Signal Block
SSS Secondary Synchronization Signal
SW SoftWare
TAB Transceiver Array Boundary
TDD Time Division Duplex
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TTI Transmission Time Interval
TX Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UTRA Universal Terrestrial Radio Access
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
ETSI
12 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
4 Assessment method
The assessment method is covering the BS equipment average power and energy consumption for which the present
document defines reference BS equipment configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS RF
output power, power consumption and calculating daily average energy consumption.
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test (clause A.1):
1.1) Identify BS basic parameters.
1.2) List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes B, C, D and E).
1.3) List used power saving features.
2) Measure BS RF output power and corresponding equipment power consumption for required load levels
(clauses 5 and 6).
3) Calculate average power consumption and daily energy consumption (clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement and calculation results (clause A.2).
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
5.0 Introduction
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (such as BSC or RNC, [i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, NR) in the
corresponding annexes (annexes B to E).
These configurations include integrated BS (Figure 1) and distributed BS (Figure 2), mast head amplifiers, remote radio
heads, RF feeder cables, number of carriers, number of sectors, power range per sector, frequency range, diversity,
MIMO.
With Active Antenna Systems (AAS), used in NR, more BS types are defined in ETSI TS 138 104 [15]:
• BS type 1-C: NR BS operating at FR1, with a conducted interface (antenna connectors available). This
corresponds to legacy integrated BS and distributed BS, illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, respectively.
• BS type 1-H: Distributed NR BS operating at FR1, with both a conducted (at TAB connectors) and a radiated
interface at the RIB.
• BS type 1-O and 2-O: Distributed NR BS operating at FR1 or FR2, respectively, with only a radiated interface
at the RIB.
The BS shall be tested with its intended commercially available configuration at temperatures defined in clause 5.2.3
"Environmental conditions". It shall be clearly reported in the measurement report if the BS cannot be operated without
additional air-conditioning at the defined temperatures.
ETSI
13 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Appropriate transmission e.g. a transport function for E1/T1/Gbit Ethernet or other providing capacity corresponding to
the BS capacity, shall be included in the BS configuration during testing. The configurations include:
1) UL diversity (This is a standard feature in all BS. Therefore it is considered sufficient that the test is performed
on the main RX antenna only. The diversity RX shall be active during the measurement without connection to
the test signal).
2) DL diversity (Not considered in WCDMA and HSPA. LTE: Transmission mode 3 "Open loop spatial
multiplexing" shall be according to ETSI TS 136 211 [10] (2×2 DL MIMO). NR: Rank 1, single layer
transmission, (MU-MIMO)).
Figure 1: Integrated BS model (example)
ETSI
14 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)

Figure 2: Distributed BS model (example)
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements
5.2.0 Introduction
The measurement of the power consumption shall be performed by either measuring the power supply voltage and true
effective current in parallel and calculate the resulting power consumption (applicable only for DC) or with a wattmeter
(applicable for both AC and DC). The measurements can be performed by a variety of measurement equipment,
including power clamps, or power supplies with in-built power measurement capability.
All measurement equipment shall be calibrated and shall have data output interface in order to allow long term data
recording and calculation of the complete power consumption over a dedicated time.
The measurement equipment shall comply with following attributes:
• Input power:
- Resolution: ≤ 10 mA; ≤ 100 mV; ≤ 100 mW.
- DC current: ±1 %.
- DC voltage: ±1 %.
- AC power: ±1 %:
 An available current crest factor of 5 or more.
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15 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
 The test instrument shall have a bandwidth of at least 1 kHz.
NOTE: Additional information on accuracy can be found in IEC 62018 [i.6].
• RF output power, conducted measurement:
- ±0,4 dB.
• RF output power, radiated measurement:
- ±1,2 dB (beam peak direction).
5.2.1 BS Configuration
The BS shall be tested under normal test conditions according to the information accompanying the equipment. The BS,
test configuration and mode of operation (baseband, control and RF part of the BS as well as the software and firmware)
shall represent the normal intended use and shall be recorded in the test report.
The BS shall be tested with its typical configuration. In case of multiple configurations a configuration with 3 sectors
shall be used.
EXAMPLE: A typical wide area BS configuration consists of three sectors and shall therefore be tested in a
three sector configuration. If a BS is designed for dual or single sector applications, it shall be
tested in its designed configuration.
The connection to the BS test control unit via the BS controller interface shall be an electrical or optical cable-based
interface (e.g. PCM, SDH, and Ethernet) which is commercially offered along with the applied BS configuration.
Additional power consuming features like battery loading shall be switched off.
The power saving features and used SW version shall be listed in the measurement report.
The measurement report shall mention the configuration of the BS for example the type of RF signal combining
(antenna network combining, air combining or multi-carrier).
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal
Due to the different nominal RF output power values of the various BS models and additionally their RF output power
tolerances within the tolerance ranges defined by the corresponding mobile radio standards, it is necessary to measure
the real RF output power at each RF output connector of the BS (conducted measurement, clause 6.1.1), or Over The
Air (OTA) for BS types where RF output connectors are not accessible (radiated measurement, clause 6.1.2).
During the test the BS shall be operated with the nominal RF output powers which would be applied in commercial
operation regarding the reference networks and the traffic profiles listed in annexes B, C, D and E.
The power amplifier(s) of the BS shall support the same crest factor (peak to average ratio) and back-off as applied in
the commercial product.
All relevant requirements from the corresponding 3GPP and GERAN specifications for the air-interface, e.g. [2] for
WCDMA/HSPA, LTE [12] and NR [15], shall be fulfilled.
5.2.3 Environmental conditions
The environmental conditions under which the BS has to be tested are defined in Table 1.
The measurements shall be performed when stable temperature conditions inside the equipment are reached. For this
purpose the BS shall be placed in the environmental conditions for minimum two hours with a minimum operation time
of one hour before conducting measurements. Also after change of traffic load, a minimum operation time of one hour
shall be applied before conducting measurements again.
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16 ETSI ES 202 706-1 V1.8.1 (2024-09)
Table 1: BS environmental conditions
Condition Minimum Maximum
Barometric pressure 86 kPa (860 mbar) 106 kPa (1 060 mbar)
Relative Humidity 20 % 85 %
Vibration Negligible
Temperature +25 °C and +40 °C
Temperature accuracy ±2 °C
5.2.4 Power supply
For the measurements, the following operating voltage values shall be used. Equipment designed for non-standard
power supply voltages shall use the nominal equipment operating voltage (±2,5 % tolerance).
Nominal values and operating values shall be according to Table 2 and the related ETSI standards.
Table 2: Operating voltages during testing
Supply type Nominal value Operating value during testing Related ETSI standards
AC (230 V) 230 V 230 V (±2,5 %) ETSI EN 300 132-1 [3]
DC (-48V) -48 V ETSI EN 300 132-2 [4]
-54,5 V (±2,5 %)
DC (400 V) Max. 400 V 380 V (±2,5 %) ETSI EN 300 132-3 [14]

6 Static Power Measurement
6.0 Introduction
Four load levels are used for the BS power consumption and RF output power test:
• Full Load (FL);
• Busy Hour load (BH);
• medium load (med); and
• low load (low).
They are specified for each radio access technology respectively in annexes B, C, D and E. In case of a distributed BS
architecture (e.g. RRH) the power consumption shall be measured for the central baseband unit and remote radio units
separately.
NOTE 1: Other load levels are optional and may be measured or interpolated as described in annex I.
NOTE 2: In case of distributed BS with Active Antenna Units (AAU), only comparisons of complete distributed
BS should be done, unless same distribution of functionality has been verified.
BS-internal power saving features can be used during testing. In that case, the BS test control unit is allowed to activate
and deactivate the features. Used features shall be listed in the measurement report.
6.1 Measurement methods
6.1.0 Introduction
This clause describes the methods to measure the equipment performance taking into account the existing standards as
listed in the references in clause 2. It also gives the conditions under which these measurements should be performed in
addition to the requirements of clause 5.
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The BS shall be operated in a test and measuring environment as illustrated in Figures 3 and 4 for conducted and
radiated measurements, respectively.
6.1.1 Test setup for conducted power measurement

NOTE: BS as defined in Figure 1 (integrated BS) or Figure 2 (distributed BS). AC supply to be used for BS with
build in AC power supply, otherwise default DC supply voltage as specified in clause 5.2.

Figure 3: Test set-up for conducted power measurement (example for three sectors)
The BS is powered either by a DC or AC power supply and operated by the BS test control unit. This control unit
provides the BS with control signals and traffic data which are required to perform the static measurements. Each RF
output (antenna) connector is terminated with a dummy load. The RF output power shall be measured at each antenna
connector and reported in the measurement report.
The BS shall be stimulated via the BS controller interface by the emulation of the test-models in conjunction with the
traffic profiles and reference parameters given in annexes B, C, D and E.
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