SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
(Main)Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU
The present document applies to Earth Stations located on board Trains, which have the following characteristics.
• The EST may transmit and receive data when the train is in motion and also when the train is stationary.
• The EST operates in a railway environment and, therefore, may be subject to occasional disturbances and interruptions in the satellite link.
• The EST is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the distribution and/or exchange of information.
• The EST is comprised of all the equipment, electrical and mechanical, from the antenna itself to the interface with other communications equipment on a train (usually referred to as the terrestrial interface).
• The EST transmits on single carrier in the frequency range 14,00 GHz to 14,25 GHz, which is a portion of a band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (Earth-to-space).
• The EST receives in one or more frequencies within the range from 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz in bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (space-to-Earth) or the Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS) (space-to-Earth), depending on the ITU Region where the EST is located.
• The EST uses linear or circular polarization.
• The EST is designed to operate through a geostationary satellite (or a cluster of co-located geostationary satellites) that is at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite operating in the same frequencies and over the same coverage area.
• The EST transmits at elevations greater than or equal to 7° relative to the local horizon.
• The EST is designed for unattended operation.
• The EST is controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope of the present document.
The present document applies to the EST with its ancillary equipment and its various telecommunication ports, and when operated within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile as declared by the applicant and when installed as required by the applicant's declaration or in the user documentation.
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU [4] (RE Directive) article 3.2, which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it both effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference".
NOTE 1: Operational requirements are defined by national administrations and by relevant ECC Decisions.
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of article 3 of the Directive 2014/53 [4] (RE Directive) may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document.
NOTE 2: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org/.
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Harmonizirani standard, ki zajema bistvene zahteve člena 3.2 direktive 2014/53/EU, za sledenje zemeljskim postajam na vlakih (EST), delujočim v frekvenčnih pasovih 14/12 GHz
Ta dokument se uporablja za zemeljske postaje na vlakih (ESVs) z naslednjimi značilnostmi:
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku lahko oddaja in sprejema podatke, ko se vlak premika ali ko je na mestu.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku deluje v železniškem okolju, pri čemer lahko pride do občasnih motenj in prekinitev v satelitski povezavi.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku deluje kot del satelitskega omrežja (npr. zvezdnega, mrežnega ali od točke do točke), ki se uporablja za distribucijo in/ali izmenjavo informacij.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku je sestavljena iz vse opreme, električne in mehanske, od same antene do vmesnikov z drugo komunikacijsko opremo na vlaku (običajno se imenujejo zemeljski vmesniki).
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku oddaja prek ene nosilne frekvence v frekvenčnem območju od 14,00 do 14,25 GHz, ki je del pasu, dodeljen fiksnim satelitskim storitvam (FSS) (Zemlja–vesolje).
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku sprejema na eni ali več frekvencah v območju od 10,70 do 12,75 GHz v pasovih, ki so dodeljeni fiksnim satelitskim storitvam (FSS) (vesolje–Zemlja) ali radiodifuzijskim satelitskim storitvam (BSS) (vesolje-Zemlja), odvisno od regije Mednarodne telekomunikacijske zveze, v kateri se zemeljska postaja nahaja.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku uporablja linearno ali krožno polarizacijo.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku deluje prek geostacionarnega satelita (ali skupine skupno nameščenih geostacionarnih satelitov), ki je odmaknjen za vsaj 3° od kateregakoli drugega geostacionarnega satelita, ki deluje v istem frekvenčnem pasu in na istem območju.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku oddaja na višinah, ki so večje ali enake 7° glede na lokalno obzorje.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku je izdelana za nenadzorovano delovanje.
• Zemeljska postaja na vlaku se krmili in spremlja z napravo za krmiljenje omrežja (NCF). Naprava za krmiljenje omrežja ne spada v področje uporabe tega dokumenta.
Ta dokument se uporablja za zemeljsko postajo na vlaku s pomožno opremo in različnimi telekomunikacijskimi vrati, ko ta deluje znotraj mejnih vrednosti obratovalnega okoljskega profila, kot ga določi kandidat, ter ko je nameščena v skladu z zahtevami kandidatove izjave ali v skladu z zahtevami dokumentacije uporabnika.
Ta dokument zajema določbe člena 3.2 Direktive 2014/53/EU [4] (direktive RE), ki navaja: »/.../ Radijska oprema je izdelana tako, da optimalno uporablja in podpira učinkovito izrabo radijskega spektra, z namenom preprečevanja škodljivega motenja.«
OPOMBA 1: obratovalne zahteve določajo nacionalne uprave in ustrezni sklepi Odbora za elektronske komunikacije.
Poleg tega dokumenta se lahko za opremo na področju uporabe tega dokumenta uporabljajo tudi drugi standardi EN, ki določajo tehnične zahteve v zvezi z bistvenimi zahtevami iz drugih delov člena 3 Direktive 2014/53 [4] (Direktive RE).
OPOMBA 2: seznam tovrstnih evropskih standardov je na voljo na spletnem mestu http://www.newapproach.org.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Harmonised Standard for tracking
Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs)
operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands
covering the essential requirements
of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU
2 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
Reference
REN/SES-00394
Keywords
antenna, earth station, GSO, regulation, satellite,
train
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3 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 11
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Technical requirements specifications . 12
4.1 General . 12
4.1.1 Environmental profile . 12
4.1.2 Operational configurations . 13
4.1.3 EST states and radio states . 13
4.2 Conformance requirements . 14
4.2.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 14
4.2.1.1 Justification . 14
4.2.1.2 Specification. 14
4.2.1.3 Conformance tests . 15
4.2.2 On-axis spurious radiation for EST . 15
4.2.2.1 Justification . 15
4.2.2.2 Specification. 16
4.2.2.2.1 "Carrier-on" radio state . 16
4.2.2.2.2 "Carrier-off" and "Emissions disabled" radio states . 16
4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 16
4.2.3 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band . 16
4.2.3.0 General . 16
4.2.3.1 Justification . 17
4.2.3.2 Specification. 17
4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 18
4.2.4 Carrier suppression . 18
4.2.4.1 Justification . 18
4.2.4.2 Specification. 18
4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 18
4.2.5 Antenna pointing and polarization alignment for ESTs . 18
4.2.5.1 Justification . 18
4.2.5.2 Specification. 19
4.2.5.3 Conformance tests . 20
4.2.6 Cessation of emissions of the EST . 20
4.2.6.1 Justification . 20
4.2.6.2 Specification. 20
4.2.6.2.1 Specification 1: Mode of cessation of emissions . 20
4.2.6.2.2 Specification 2: Conditions under which the EST shall cease emissions . 20
4.2.6.2.3 Specification 3: Cessation of emissions . 21
4.2.6.2.4 Specification 4: Fault conditions . 21
4.2.6.3 Conformance tests . 21
4.2.7 Identification of EST . 21
4.2.7.1 Justification . 21
4.2.7.2 Specification. 21
4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 22
4.2.8 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 22
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4 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
4.2.8.1 CMF state diagram . 22
4.2.8.2 Processor monitoring . 23
4.2.8.2.1 Justification . 23
4.2.8.2.2 Specification . 23
4.2.8.2.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.8.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 23
4.2.8.3.1 Justification . 23
4.2.8.3.2 Specification . 23
4.2.8.3.3 Conformance tests . 23
4.2.8.4 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.2.8.4.1 Justification . 23
4.2.8.4.2 Specification . 23
4.2.8.4.3 Conformance tests . 24
4.2.8.5 Control Channel (CC) and Response Channel (RC) . 24
4.2.8.5.1 Justification . 24
4.2.8.5.2 Specification . 24
4.2.8.5.3 Conformance tests . 25
4.2.8.6 Network control commands . 25
4.2.8.6.1 Justification . 25
4.2.8.6.2 Specification . 25
4.2.8.6.3 Conformance test . 25
4.2.8.7 Initial burst transmission . 25
4.2.8.7.1 Justification . 25
4.2.8.7.2 Specification . 25
4.2.8.7.3 Conformance tests . 26
4.2.8.8 Inhibition of transmissions . 26
4.2.8.8.1 Justification . 26
4.2.8.8.2 Specification . 26
4.2.8.8.3 Conformance tests . 26
4.2.9 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 26
4.2.9.1 Justification . 26
4.2.9.2 Specification. 26
4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 27
4.2.10 Blocking performance . 27
4.2.10.1 Justification . 27
4.2.10.2 Specification. 27
4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 27
4.2.11 Adjacent Signal Selectivity . 27
4.2.11.1 Justification . 27
4.2.11.2 Specification. 28
4.2.11.3 Conformance tests . 28
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 28
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 28
5.2 Essential radio test suites . 28
6 Test methods for all aspects of the EST . 28
6.1 General . 28
6.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 29
6.2.0 General . 29
6.2.1 Test method . 29
6.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 29
6.3.0 General . 29
6.3.1 Test method . 30
6.4 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band . 30
6.4.0 General . 30
6.4.1 Test method . 30
6.4.1.1 General . 30
6.4.1.2 Transmit output power density . 30
6.4.1.3 Antenna transmit gain . 31
6.4.1.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 31
6.4.2 Computation of results . 31
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5 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
6.5 Carrier suppression . 31
6.5.1 Test method . 31
6.6 Antenna pointing for EST . 31
6.6.1 General . 31
6.6.2 Test method . 32
6.7 Antenna mechanical stability . 32
6.7.1 Test method . 32
6.8 Polarization angle alignment capability . 32
6.8.1 Test method . 32
6.9 Cessation of emissions of the EST . 32
6.9.0 General . 32
6.9.1 Test Method . 33
6.9.1.1 Required documentation . 33
6.9.1.2 Cessation of emissions from the "Transmission enabled" state . 33
6.9.1.3 Cessation of emission from the "Transmission disabled" state . 33
6.9.1.4 Cessation of emission from the "Initial Phase" state . 33
6.9.1.4.1 EUTs transmitting initial bursts . 33
6.9.1.4.2 EUTs not transmitting initial bursts . 34
6.9.1.5 "Single action" means of cessation of emissions. 34
6.9.1.6 Fault conditions . 35
6.10 Identification of EST . 35
6.10.1 Test arrangement . 35
6.10.2 Test method . 35
6.11 Control and monitoring functions . 35
6.11.0 General . 35
6.11.1 Test arrangement . 35
6.11.2 Processor monitoring- Test method . 36
6.11.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring-Test method . 36
6.11.4 Power-on/Reset-Test method . 36
6.11.5 Control Channel and Response Channel -Test method . 37
6.11.6 Network Control commands-Test method . 37
6.11.7 Initial burst transmission-Test method . 39
6.11.8 Inhibition of transmission-Test method . 39
6.12 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 39
6.12.1 Test Method . 39
6.12.1.1 Test site . 39
6.12.1.2 Method of measurement . 39
6.13 Blocking performance . 40
6.13.1 Test method . 40
6.14 Adjacent Signal Selectivity . 41
6.14.1 Test method . 41
Annex A (normative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 42
Annex B (informative): Mechanical stability methodology . 44
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 46
History . 47
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations
and Systems (SES).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [4].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 16 May 2016
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 August 2016
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 28 February 2017
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 28 February 2018
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to
cover all radio equipment within the scope of the Directive 2014/53/EU [4]. The modular structure is shown in ETSI
EG 201 399 [i.3].
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
1 Scope
The present document applies to Earth Stations located on board Trains, which have the following characteristics.
External Mounted Equipment, EME Internal Mounted Equipment, IME
Enclosure / R adome
LNB
Antenna Radio Modem
On -Train
HPA
Services
Stabilization & Tracking
Antenna Internal
Int erface
Mech anism
Control CMF
Figure 1: EST System Overview
• The EST may transmit and receive data when the train is in motion and also when the train is stationary.
• The EST operates in a railway environment and, therefore, may be subject to occasional disturbances and
interruptions in the satellite link.
• The EST is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the distribution
and/or exchange of information.
• The EST is comprised of all the equipment, electrical and mechanical, from the antenna itself to the interface
with other communications equipment on a train (usually referred to as the terrestrial interface).
• The EST transmits on single carrier in the frequency range 14,00 GHz to 14,25 GHz, which is a portion of a
band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (Earth-to-space).
• The EST receives in one or more frequencies within the range from 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz in bands
allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (space-to-Earth) or the Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS)
(space-to-Earth), depending on the ITU Region where the EST is located.
• The EST uses linear or circular polarization.
• The EST is designed to operate through a geostationary satellite (or a cluster of co-located geostationary
satellites) that is at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite operating in the same frequencies and
over the same coverage area.
• The EST transmits at elevations greater than or equal to 7° relative to the local horizon.
• The EST is designed for unattended operation.
• The EST is controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope of
the present document.
The present document applies to the EST with its ancillary equipment and its various telecommunication ports, and
when operated within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile as declared by the applicant and
when installed as required by the applicant's declaration or in the user documentation.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU [4] (RE Directive) article 3.2, which
states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it both effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio
spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference".
NOTE 1: Operational requirements are defined by national administrations and by relevant ECC Decisions.
In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements
under other parts of article 3 of the Directive 2014/53 [4] (RE Directive) may apply to equipment within the scope of
the present document.
NOTE 2: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org/.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] Void.
[3] CISPR 16-1-5 (2014): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods; Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration
sites and reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz".
[4] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC (RE Directive).
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] CEPT Recommendation T/R 25-09: "Designation of frequencies in the 900 MHz band for railway
purposes".
[i.3] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to
the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the Radio & Telecommunication
Terminal Equipment Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE) and a first guide on the impact of the Radio
Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) on Harmonized Standards".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 215 (2004): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Recommended approach, and possible limits for measurement uncertainty for the measurement of
radiated electromagnetic fields above 1 GHz".
[i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.6] CENELEC EN 50155: "Railway applications - Electronic equipment used on rolling stock".
[i.7] CENELEC BS EN 60068: "Environmental testing. Test methods for vibration and shock".
[i.8] CENELEC EN 61373: "Railway applications. Rolling stock equipment. Shock and vibration
tests".
[i.9] CENELEC EN 60945: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems -
General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results".
[i.10] CENELEC EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of
information technology equipment".
[i.11] ETSI TR 102 375 (2005): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Guidelines for determining
the parts of satellite earth station antenna radiation patterns concerned by the geostationary satellite
orbit protection".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 2014/53/EU [4] and the
following apply:
ancillary equipment: equipment used in connection with an EST is considered as ancillary if the three following
conditions are met:
• the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the EST to provide additional operational and/or control
features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and
• the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of the EST; and
• the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the EST.
applicant: manufacturer or his authorized representative within the European Community or the person responsible for
placing the apparatus on the market
carrier-off radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and does not transmit any carrier
NOTE 1: The phrase "the EST may transmit" means that all the conditions for transmission are satisfied (e.g. in a
state where transmissions are permitted, no failure detected, and the EST is correctly pointed towards the
satellite).
NOTE 2: The existence of a "Carrier-off" radio state depends on the system of transmission used. For ESTs
designed for continuous transmission mode there may be no "Carrier-off" state.
carrier-on radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and transmits a carrier
Control Channel (CC): channel or channels by which ESTs receive control information from the NCF
EIRP : maximum e.i.r.p. capability of the EST as declared by the applicant
max
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
emissions disabled radio state: radio state in which the EST does not emit
NOTE: Examples of cases where the EST is in this radio state: before system monitoring pass, before the control
channel is received, when a failure is detected, when an EST is commanded to disable, and when the EST
is in a location requiring cessation of emissions.
external control channel: control channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another
satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system
external response channel: response channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another
satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system
Externally Mounted Equipment (EME): that part of the EST intended to be installed on the outside of the train
(usually the roof), as declared by the applicant, or as indicated in the user documentation
NOTE 1: The EME unit is usually comprised of the following main parts:
a) The antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and
vice versa.
b) The Low Noise Block (LNB) down converter, which is a device that amplifies, with very low
internal noise, the received signals in the Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to
intermediate frequencies.
c) The up-converter and the power amplifier which convert from the intermediate frequency to RF
and amplify the low level RF signals for transmission through the antenna subsystem.
d) The stabilization and tracking mechanics that ensure pointing of the antenna main beam towards
the satellite within the required accuracy.
NOTE 2: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is outside the scope of the present document. However,
the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the antenna and forming an integral part
of it, are subject to the specifications of the present document.
NOTE 3: Certain configurations may include more than one EME per EST. As for example, the EST may have
separate transmit and receive antennas or it may have redundant transmit/receive antenna units.
integral antenna: antenna which may not be removed during the tests according to the applicant's statement
internal control channel: control channel which is carried by the EST network via the same satellite as used for
transmission of user data and within the internal protocol structure of the EST system
internal response channel: response channel which is carried by the EST network via the same satellite as used for
transmission of user data and within the internal protocol structure of the EST system
Internally Mounted Equipment (IME): part of the EST equipment which is installed inside the train and its
connection cables with the EME
NOTE: The IME is usually comprised of:
a) the modem and the IF radio equipment;
b) the control logic, including that for the internal control and monitoring subsystem and the antenna
tracking subsystem; and
c) the interfaces to equipment and services onboard the train.
maximum relative wind speed: addition of the magnitudes of the maximum wind speed and the maximum train
velocity
Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct
operation of all ESTs in a network
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)
nominal antenna diameter: antenna diameter declared by the manufacturer that is a parameter in performance
characteristics and that allows reference to a certain performance
NOTE: An antenna with circular aperture of diameter equal to the nominal diameter does typically have the
performance specified.
Network operators might request antennas of a certain diameter. Then an antenna that is compliant with
the requirement for nominal antenna diameter equal to the requested antenna diameter can be used.
Manufacturers can mark their equipment with antenna diameters used in the requirements during
compliance test.
nominated bandwidth: bandwidth of the EST radio frequency transmission nominated by the applicant. The
nominated bandwidth is centred on the transmit frequency and does not exceed 5 times the occupied bandwidth
NOTE: The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the transmission which
have a level greater than the specified spurious radiation limits. The nominated bandwidth is wide enough
to take account of the transmit carrier frequency stability. This definition is chosen to allow flexibility
regarding adjacent channel interference levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures
depending on the exact transponder carrier assignment situation.
off-axis angle: angle between the direction of the axis of the antenna main beam and the considered direction
removable antenna: antenna which may be removed during the
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES) - Harmonised Standard for tracking Earth Stations on Trains (ESTs) operating in the 14/12 GHz frequency bands covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU45.020Železniška tehnika na splošnoRailway engineering in general33.060.30Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski komunikacijski sistemiRadio relay and fixed satellite communications systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05)SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016en01-september-2016SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 2
Reference REN/SES-00394 Keywords antenna, earth station, GSO, regulation, satellite, train ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice The present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org/standards-search The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI. The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 6 Foreword . 6 Modal verbs terminology . 6 Introduction . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 References . 8 2.1 Normative references . 8 2.2 Informative references . 8 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9 3.1 Definitions . 9 3.2 Symbols . 11 3.3 Abbreviations . 11 4 Technical requirements specifications . 12 4.1 General . 12 4.1.1 Environmental profile . 12 4.1.2 Operational configurations . 13 4.1.3 EST states and radio states . 13 4.2 Conformance requirements . 14 4.2.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 14 4.2.1.1 Justification . 14 4.2.1.2 Specification. 14 4.2.1.3 Conformance tests . 15 4.2.2 On-axis spurious radiation for EST . 15 4.2.2.1 Justification . 15 4.2.2.2 Specification. 16 4.2.2.2.1 "Carrier-on" radio state . 16 4.2.2.2.2 "Carrier-off" and "Emissions disabled" radio states . 16 4.2.2.3 Conformance tests . 16 4.2.3 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band . 16 4.2.3.0 General . 16 4.2.3.1 Justification . 17 4.2.3.2 Specification. 17 4.2.3.3 Conformance tests . 18 4.2.4 Carrier suppression . 18 4.2.4.1 Justification . 18 4.2.4.2 Specification. 18 4.2.4.3 Conformance tests . 18 4.2.5 Antenna pointing and polarization alignment for ESTs . 18 4.2.5.1 Justification . 18 4.2.5.2 Specification. 19 4.2.5.3 Conformance tests . 20 4.2.6 Cessation of emissions of the EST . 20 4.2.6.1 Justification . 20 4.2.6.2 Specification. 20 4.2.6.2.1 Specification 1: Mode of cessation of emissions . 20 4.2.6.2.2 Specification 2: Conditions under which the EST shall cease emissions . 20 4.2.6.2.3 Specification 3: Cessation of emissions . 21 4.2.6.2.4 Specification 4: Fault conditions . 21 4.2.6.3 Conformance tests . 21 4.2.7 Identification of EST . 21 4.2.7.1 Justification . 21 4.2.7.2 Specification. 21 4.2.7.3 Conformance tests . 22 4.2.8 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMFs) . 22 SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 4 4.2.8.1 CMF state diagram . 22 4.2.8.2 Processor monitoring . 23 4.2.8.2.1 Justification . 23 4.2.8.2.2 Specification . 23 4.2.8.2.3 Conformance tests . 23 4.2.8.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring . 23 4.2.8.3.1 Justification . 23 4.2.8.3.2 Specification . 23 4.2.8.3.3 Conformance tests . 23 4.2.8.4 Power-on/Reset . 23 4.2.8.4.1 Justification . 23 4.2.8.4.2 Specification . 23 4.2.8.4.3 Conformance tests . 24 4.2.8.5 Control Channel (CC) and Response Channel (RC) . 24 4.2.8.5.1 Justification . 24 4.2.8.5.2 Specification . 24 4.2.8.5.3 Conformance tests . 25 4.2.8.6 Network control commands . 25 4.2.8.6.1 Justification . 25 4.2.8.6.2 Specification . 25 4.2.8.6.3 Conformance test . 25 4.2.8.7 Initial burst transmission . 25 4.2.8.7.1 Justification . 25 4.2.8.7.2 Specification . 25 4.2.8.7.3 Conformance tests . 26 4.2.8.8 Inhibition of transmissions . 26 4.2.8.8.1 Justification . 26 4.2.8.8.2 Specification . 26 4.2.8.8.3 Conformance tests . 26 4.2.9 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 26 4.2.9.1 Justification . 26 4.2.9.2 Specification. 26 4.2.9.3 Conformance tests . 27 4.2.10 Blocking performance . 27 4.2.10.1 Justification . 27 4.2.10.2 Specification. 27 4.2.10.3 Conformance tests . 27 4.2.11 Adjacent Signal Selectivity . 27 4.2.11.1 Justification . 27 4.2.11.2 Specification. 28 4.2.11.3 Conformance tests . 28 5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 28 5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 28 5.2 Essential radio test suites . 28 6 Test methods for all aspects of the EST . 28 6.1 General . 28 6.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 29 6.2.0 General . 29 6.2.1 Test method . 29 6.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 29 6.3.0 General . 29 6.3.1 Test method . 30 6.4 Off-axis e.i.r.p. emission density within the band . 30 6.4.0 General . 30 6.4.1 Test method . 30 6.4.1.1 General . 30 6.4.1.2 Transmit output power density . 30 6.4.1.3 Antenna transmit gain . 31 6.4.1.4 Antenna transmit radiation patterns . 31 6.4.2 Computation of results . 31 SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 5 6.5 Carrier suppression . 31 6.5.1 Test method . 31 6.6 Antenna pointing for EST . 31 6.6.1 General . 31 6.6.2 Test method . 32 6.7 Antenna mechanical stability . 32 6.7.1 Test method . 32 6.8 Polarization angle alignment capability . 32 6.8.1 Test method . 32 6.9 Cessation of emissions of the EST . 32 6.9.0 General . 32 6.9.1 Test Method . 33 6.9.1.1 Required documentation . 33 6.9.1.2 Cessation of emissions from the "Transmission enabled" state . 33 6.9.1.3 Cessation of emission from the "Transmission disabled" state . 33 6.9.1.4 Cessation of emission from the "Initial Phase" state . 33 6.9.1.4.1 EUTs transmitting initial bursts . 33 6.9.1.4.2 EUTs not transmitting initial bursts . 34 6.9.1.5 "Single action" means of cessation of emissions. 34 6.9.1.6 Fault conditions . 35 6.10 Identification of EST . 35 6.10.1 Test arrangement . 35 6.10.2 Test method . 35 6.11 Control and monitoring functions . 35 6.11.0 General . 35 6.11.1 Test arrangement . 35 6.11.2 Processor monitoring- Test method . 36 6.11.3 Transmit subsystem monitoring-Test method . 36 6.11.4 Power-on/Reset-Test method . 36 6.11.5 Control Channel and Response Channel -Test method . 37 6.11.6 Network Control commands-Test method . 37 6.11.7 Initial burst transmission-Test method . 39 6.11.8 Inhibition of transmission-Test method . 39 6.12 Receive antenna off-axis gain pattern . 39 6.12.1 Test Method . 39 6.12.1.1 Test site . 39 6.12.1.2 Method of measurement . 39 6.13 Blocking performance . 40 6.13.1 Test method . 40 6.14 Adjacent Signal Selectivity . 41 6.14.1 Test method . 41 Annex A (normative): Relationship between the present document and the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 42 Annex B (informative): Mechanical stability methodology . 44 Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 46 History . 47
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (https://ipr.etsi.org/). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES). The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC [4]. Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive, and associated EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 16 May 2016 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 August 2016 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
28 February 2017 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 28 February 2018
Modal verbs terminology In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). "must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. Introduction The present document is part of a set of standards developed by ETSI and is designed to fit in a modular structure to cover all radio equipment within the scope of the Directive 2014/53/EU [4]. The modular structure is shown in ETSI EG 201 399 [i.3]. SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 7 1 Scope The present document applies to Earth Stations located on board Trains, which have the following characteristics. External Mounted Equipment, EME
Internal Mounted Equipment, IME
On -Train
Services
Int erface
Radio
Modem
Internal CMF
Antenna Control
Stabilization & Tracking Mech anism
Enclosure
/ Radome
Antenna
LNB
HPA
Figure 1: EST System Overview
• The EST may transmit and receive data when the train is in motion and also when the train is stationary. • The EST operates in a railway environment and, therefore, may be subject to occasional disturbances and interruptions in the satellite link. • The EST is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the distribution and/or exchange of information. • The EST is comprised of all the equipment, electrical and mechanical, from the antenna itself to the interface with other communications equipment on a train (usually referred to as the terrestrial interface). • The EST transmits on single carrier in the frequency range 14,00 GHz to 14,25 GHz, which is a portion of a band allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (Earth-to-space). • The EST receives in one or more frequencies within the range from 10,70 GHz to 12,75 GHz in bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS) (space-to-Earth) or the Broadcast Satellite Service (BSS) (space-to-Earth), depending on the ITU Region where the EST is located. • The EST uses linear or circular polarization. • The EST is designed to operate through a geostationary satellite (or a cluster of co-located geostationary satellites) that is at least 3° away from any other geostationary satellite operating in the same frequencies and over the same coverage area. • The EST transmits at elevations greater than or equal to 7° relative to the local horizon. • The EST is designed for unattended operation. • The EST is controlled and monitored by a Network Control Facility (NCF). The NCF is outside the scope of the present document. The present document applies to the EST with its ancillary equipment and its various telecommunication ports, and when operated within the boundary limits of the operational environmental profile as declared by the applicant and when installed as required by the applicant's declaration or in the user documentation. SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 8 The present document is intended to cover the provisions of Directive 2014/53/EU [4] (RE Directive) article 3.2, which states that "… radio equipment shall be so constructed that it both effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio spectrum in order to avoid harmful interference". NOTE 1: Operational requirements are defined by national administrations and by relevant ECC Decisions. In addition to the present document, other ENs that specify technical requirements in respect of essential requirements under other parts of article 3 of the Directive 2014/53 [4] (RE Directive) may apply to equipment within the scope of the present document. NOTE 2: A list of such ENs is included on the web site http://www.newapproach.org/. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] Void. [2] Void. [3] CISPR 16-1-5 (2014): "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1-5: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antenna calibration sites and reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz". [4] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC (RE Directive). 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] Void. [i.2] CEPT Recommendation T/R 25-09: "Designation of frequencies in the 900 MHz band for railway purposes". [i.3] ETSI EG 201 399: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); A guide to the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the Radio & Telecommunication Terminal Equipment Directive 1999/5/EC (R&TTE) and a first guide on the impact of the Radio Equipment Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) on Harmonized Standards". SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 9 [i.4] ETSI TR 102 215 (2004): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Recommended approach, and possible limits for measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic fields above 1 GHz". [i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council. [i.6] CENELEC EN 50155: "Railway applications - Electronic equipment used on rolling stock". [i.7] CENELEC BS EN 60068: "Environmental testing. Test methods for vibration and shock". [i.8] CENELEC EN 61373: "Railway applications. Rolling stock equipment. Shock and vibration tests". [i.9] CENELEC EN 60945: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required test results". [i.10] CENELEC EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of information technology equipment". [i.11] ETSI TR 102 375 (2005): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Guidelines for determining the parts of satellite earth station antenna radiation patterns concerned by the geostationary satellite orbit protection". 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Directive 2014/53/EU [4] and the following apply: ancillary equipment: equipment used in connection with an EST is considered as ancillary if the three following conditions are met: • the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the EST to provide additional operational and/or control features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and • the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of the EST; and • the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the EST. applicant: manufacturer or his authorized representative within the European Community or the person responsible for placing the apparatus on the market carrier-off radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and does not transmit any carrier NOTE 1: The phrase "the EST may transmit" means that all the conditions for transmission are satisfied (e.g. in a state where transmissions are permitted, no failure detected, and the EST is correctly pointed towards the satellite). NOTE 2: The existence of a "Carrier-off" radio state depends on the system of transmission used. For ESTs designed for continuous transmission mode there may be no "Carrier-off" state. carrier-on radio state: radio state in which the EST may transmit and transmits a carrier Control Channel (CC): channel or channels by which ESTs receive control information from the NCF EIRPmax: maximum e.i.r.p. capability of the EST as declared by the applicant SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 10 emissions disabled radio state: radio state in which the EST does not emit NOTE: Examples of cases where the EST is in this radio state: before system monitoring pass, before the control channel is received, when a failure is detected, when an EST is commanded to disable, and when the EST is in a location requiring cessation of emissions. external control channel: control channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system external response channel: response channel which is either (i) carried by the EST network via the same or another satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the EST system, or (ii) carried by any other radio communication system Externally Mounted Equipment (EME): that part of the EST intended to be installed on the outside of the train (usually the roof), as declared by the applicant, or as indicated in the user documentation NOTE 1: The EME unit is usually comprised of the following main parts: a) The antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and vice versa. b) The Low Noise Block (LNB) down converter, which is a device that amplifies, with very low internal noise, the received signals in the Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to intermediate frequencies. c) The up-converter and the power amplifier which convert from the intermediate frequency to RF and amplify the low level RF signals for transmission through the antenna subsystem. d) The stabilization and tracking mechanics that ensure pointing of the antenna main beam towards the satellite within the required accuracy. NOTE 2: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is outside the scope of the present document. However, the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the antenna and forming an integral part of it, are subject to the specifications of the present document. NOTE 3: Certain configurations may include more than one EME per EST. As for example, the EST may have separate transmit and receive antennas or it may have redundant transmit/receive antenna units. integral antenna: antenna which may not be removed during the tests according to the applicant's statement internal control channel: control channel which is carried by the EST network via the same satellite as used for transmission of user data and within the internal protocol structure of the EST system internal response channel: response channel which is carried by the EST network via the same satellite as used for transmission of user data and within the internal protocol structure of the EST system Internally Mounted Equipment (IME): part of the EST equipment which is installed inside the train and its connection cables with the EME NOTE: The IME is usually comprised of: a) the modem and the IF radio equipment; b) the control logic, including that for the internal control and monitoring subsystem and the antenna tracking subsystem; and c) the interfaces to equipment and services onboard the train. maximum relative wind speed: addition of the magnitudes of the maximum wind speed and the maximum train velocity Network Control Facility (NCF): set of functional entities that, at system level, monitor and control the correct operation of all ESTs in a network SIST EN 302 448 V2.1.1:2016
ETSI ETSI EN 302 448 V2.1.1 (2016-05) 11 nominal antenna diameter: antenna diameter declared by the manufacturer that is a parameter in performance characteristics and that allows reference to a certain performance NOTE: An antenna with circular aperture of diameter equal to the nominal diameter does typically have the performance specified.
Network operators might request antennas of a certain diameter. Then an antenna that is compliant with the requirement for nominal antenna diameter equal to the requested antenna diameter can be used. Manufacturers can mark their equipment with antenna diameters used in the requirements during compliance test.
nominated bandwidth: bandwidth of the EST radio frequency transmission nominated by the applicant. The nominated bandwidth is centred on the transmit frequency and does not exceed 5 times the occupied bandwidth NOTE: The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the transmission which have a level greater than the specified spurious radiation limits. The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to take account of the transmit carrier frequency stability. This definition is chosen to allow flexibility regarding adjacent channel interference levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures depending on the exact transponder carrier assignment situation. off-axis angle: angle between the direction of the axis of the antenna main beam and the considered direction removable antenna: antenna which may be removed during the tests according to the applicant's statement Response
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