SIST ISO 233-3:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST ISO 233-3:2005
Informatika in dokumentacija - Transliteracija arabskih znakov v latinične znake -
3. del: Perzijski jezik - Transliteracija
Information and documentation -- Transliteration of Arabic characters into Latin
characters - Part 3: Persian language — Transliteration
Information et documentation -- Translittération des caractères arabes en caractères
latins - Partie 3: Persan — Translittération
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ISO 233-3:2023
ICS:
01.140.10 Pisanje in prečrkovanje Writing and transliteration
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 233-3
Second edition
2023-03
Information and documentation —
Transliteration of Arabic characters
into Latin characters —
Part 3:
Persian language — Transliteration
Information et documentation — Translittération des caractères
arabes en caractères latins —
Partie 3: Persan — Translittération
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Strict transliteration .2
4.1 General . 2
4.2 Consonants . 2
4.3 Vowels . 4
4.4 Arabic elements in the Persian language . 4
4.5 Hamze . 5
4.6 Persian relational suffix (ez̤āfe) . 5
4.7 Punctuation marks . 6
4.8 Persian numerals . 6
5 Modified transliteration .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Vowels and consonants . 6
5.3 Arabic elements in the Persian language . 8
5.4 Hamze . 8
5.5 Persian relational suffix (ez̤āfe): . 9
6 General principles of transliteration . 9
Annex A (informative) Different positional forms of characters .10
Annex B (normative) General principles .11
Bibliography .13
iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 46, Information and documentation.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 233-3:1999), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows.
— Incorporated options for 3 “levels” of transliteration: strict, i.e. fully reversible (with and without
vowels and other diacritical marks); and a modified but not fully reversible system, which, for
example, distinguishes in transliteration when the characters و and ى function as vowels or as
consonants, and, in the case of ى, other functions of the character.
— Added missing diacritical signs to the tables and corrected some errors elsewhere in the text. Added
distinction in transliteration between ا and آ. Changed transliteration of خ (Table 1, row 9) from ‘ḵ’ to
‘x’. Changed transliteration of ض (Table 1, row 18) from ‘ż’ to ‘z̤’. Changed transliteration of tanvīn
(Table 3, row 2) from ´´ to ã/ẽ/õ.
— Added notes explaining certain grammatical points; updated examples.
— Added hexadecimal character codes (ISO/IEC 10646 or Unicode) to all tables containing Persian
characters and transliterations and therefore omitted Annexes B and D, Annex C thus becoming
Annex B.
— Added the mandatory Terms and definitions clause and renumbered the subsequent clauses.
A list of all parts in the ISO 233 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
Introduction
This document is one of a series of International Standards, dealing with the conversion of systems of
writing. The aim of the ISO 233 series is to provide a means for international communication of written
messages in a form which permits the automatic transmission and reconstitution of these, by humans
or machines. The system of conversion, in this case, must be univocal and entirely reversible to allow
for retransliteration.
This means that consideration to phonetic and aesthetic matters or to certain national customs is not a
priority: all these considerations are, indeed, ignored by the machine performing the function.
This document can be used by anyone who has a clear understanding of the system and is certain
that it can be applied without ambiguity. The result obtained will not give a correct pronunciation of
the original text in a person’s own language, but it will serve as a means of finding automatically the
original graphism, and thus allow anyone who has knowledge of the original language to pronounce it
correctly. Similarly, one can only pronounce correctly a text written in, for example, English or Polish, if
one has a knowledge of English or Polish.
The existence in Perso-Arabic script of vowel signs and other diacritical marks, which are pronounced
but often not written somewhat complicates reading of the text, but as those with knowledge of the
language can read and mentally fill in the missing signs/sounds when reading the original script, so
can they with the transliterated version, for example, the word رَپِس, which consists of 3 consonants
and 2 diacritical vowel signs (transliteration: separ) when written without vowel signs would be رپس
(transliteration: spr).
To address the issue of diacritical vowels and other signs that are unwritten, and the fact that some
characters perform more than one function (e.g. characters that can function as either a vowel or a
consonant), this document incorporates three levels of transliteration:
1) strict and fully reversible, univocal, with diacritical vowels and other signs only transliterated if
written in the source text;
2) strict and fully reversible, univocal, with diacritical vowels and other signs included for clarity,
regardless of their presence or absence in the source text;
3) a modified version of the system that while not fully reversible includes the diacritical vowels and
other signs and takes account of the different functions performed by some characters (see 4.1 and
5.1 for further details).
The adoption of this document for international communication leaves every country free to adopt for
its own use a national standard which can be different, on condition that it is compatible with this
document. The system proposed herein will make this possible and be acceptable to international use if
the graphisms it creates are such that they can be converted automatically into the graphisms used in
any strict national systems.
The adoption of national standards compatible with this document permits the representation, in an
international publication, of the morphemes of each language according to the customs of the country
where it is spoken. It is possible to simplify this representation in order to take into account the number
of the character sets available on different kinds of machines.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 233-3:2023(E)
Information and documentation — Transliteration of
Arabic characters into Latin characters —
Part 3:
Persian language — Transliteration
1 Scope
This document establishes a system for the transliteration of the Arabic characters (often called
Perso-Arabic script) used to write in the Persian language into Latin characters. This modification of
the stringent rules established by ISO 233:1984 is specifically intended to facilitate the processing of
bibliographic information (e.g. catalogues, indices, citations, etc.).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal coded character set (UCS)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
character
element of an alphabetical or other type of writing system that graphically represents a phoneme, a
syllable, a word or even a prosodical characteristic of a given language
Note 1 to entry: It is used either alone (for example, a letter, a syllabic sign, an ideographical character, a digit, a
punctuation mark) or in combination (such as an accent or a diacritical mark)
Note 2 to entry: A letter having an accent or a diacritical mark, for example â, è, ö, is therefore a character in the
same way as a basic letter.
3.2
vowel
speech sound produced by unobstructed flow of air through the mouth
3.3
consonant
speech sound produced by complete or partial closure of the vocal tract
3.4
transliteration
process which consists of representing the characters (3.1) of an alphabetical or syllabic system of
writing by the characters of a conversion alphabet
3.5
retransliteration
process whereby the characters (3.1) of a conversion alphabet are transformed back into those of the
converted writing system
3.6
transcription
process whereby the sounds of a given language are noted by the system of signs of a conversion
language
3.7
romanization
conversion of non-Latin writing systems to the Latin alphabet
4 Strict transliteration
4.1 General
4.1.1 “Hex” values in the following tables shall be interpreted as character codes in ISO/IEC 10646
(Universal Character Set).
4.1.2 The strict transliteration is intended to be a one-to-one reversible transliteration system
allowing for a simple rule-based machine transliteration.
4.1.3 Persian script does not distinguish between upper and lower case. In Latin script, Persian
names may be written using upper or lower case according to the conventions of the target language.
This is optional. Capitalization rules are not part of this document. A system transliterating from Latin
into Persian script shall therefore be case insensitive. Some of the characters, both Latin and Persian,
have canonical decompositions in Unicode. Any transliteration system should treat precomposed and
decomposed characters equally on input.
4.2 Consonants
4.2.1 For a fully reversible transliteration, Table 1 should be used with Table 2 for any vowels included
in the original text.
4.2.2 Different positional forms of Persian characters (initial, medial, final and separate) are shown
in Annex A.
e
Table 1 — Consonants
No. Persian character Persian name Hex Latin transliteration Hex
a
1 ا alef 0627 ā 0101
2 ب be 0628 b 0062
3 پ pe 067E p 0070
4 ت te 062A t 0074
5 ث s̱ e 062B s̱ 0073+0331
6 ج jīm 062C j 006A
7 چ če 0686 č 010D
8 ح ḥe 062D ḥ 1E25
9 خ xe 062E x 0078
10 د dāl 062F d 0064
11 ذ ẕāl 0630 ẕ 1E95
12 ر re 0631 r 0072
13 ز ze 0632 z 007A
14 ژ že 0698 ž 017E
15 س sīn 0633 s 0073
16 ش šīn 0634 š 0161
17 ص ṣād 0635 ṣ 1E63
18 ض z̤ ād 0636 z̤ 007A+0324
19 ط ṭā 0637 ṭ 1E6D
20 ظ ẓā 0638 ẓ 1E93
b
21 ع ʻeyn 0639 ʻ 02BB
22 غ ġeyn 063A ġ 0121
23 ف fe 0641 f 0066
24 ق qāf 0642 q 0071
25 ک kāf 06A9 k 006B
26 گ gāf 06AF g 0067
27 ل lām 0644 l 006C
28 م mīm 0645 m 006D
29 ن nūn 0646 n 006E
30 و vāv 0648 v 0076
31 ه he 0647 h 0068
cd
32 ی ye 06CC y 0079
a
For transliteration of alef madde see 4.3; and for hamze see 4.5. Initial alef may function as the bearer of a short vowel
(see 4.3) or a hamze. In the strict transliteration alef is always transliterated as ‘ā’, hence alef carrying the short vowel pīš
( ُ◌ ) would be transliterated as ‘āo’. For example, the name ديما would be ‘āomyd’ according to this system, or, if the short
vowel was unwritten, ‘āmyd’.
b
Implementations may encounter a single left quotation mark (hex 2018) in existing text.
c
Implementations may encounter the Arabic yeh (hex 064A) in existing text.
d
Alef maqṣūre (Arabic hex 0649) is a feature of loan words and names of Arabic origin. In Persian it is usually written
as ی (hex 06CC) or, for clarity, ٰی (hex 06CC+0670). In the strict transliteration the latter variant is transliterated ‘ý’ (hex
00FD).
e
For the transliteration of hamze see 4.5
4.3 Vowels
4.3.1 Generally, Persian words are written without diacritical vowel signs. However, as the change of
vowel sign can bring about a different meaning (for example: رَپ par = feather; رُپ por = full), vowel signs
may be used intentionally whenever a difference in meaning is to be emphasized. In Table 2 and Table 3,
both cases are represented. However, both the aforementioned examples will be often written رپ,
transliterated ‘pr’ in the strict univocal system. In transliteration, the diacritical vowel can be included
to clarify the meaning. This would then of course be included in the Perso-Arabic script if the word
were to be reverse transliterated.
Table 2 — Vowels for fully reversible system
Example
Persian Latin
Persian
No. charac- Hex translitera- Hex
With diacritical vowel Without diacritical
name
ter tion
signs vowel signs
1 آ âye maddī 0622 â 00E2 âẕar رَذآ âẕr رذآ
2َ◌ zebar 064E a 0061 sam مَس sm مس
3 ُ◌ pīš 064F o 006F por رُپ pr رپ
4ِ◌ zīr 0650 e 0065 separ رَپِس spr رپس
4.4 Arabic elements in the Persian language
4.4.1 Persian contains many loan words from Arabic. Arabic elements occurring in Persian texts are
treated as follows. Where an Arabic element is present in the text but not mentioned in this document,
[1]
ISO 233-1:— should be followed.
4.4.2 As with the diacritical vowel markings, these signs, of Arabic origin, are often not written in
Persian script, usually being used only when a difference in meaning is to be emphasized.
Table 3 — Conventional signs
Example
Persian Latin
With
No. Persian name Hex Hex
Without diacritical
character transliteration
diacritical
vowel signs
vowel signs
عَّ بَرُم عّ برم
1 ّ◌ tašdīd 0651 ʺ 02BA
morabʺaʻ mrbʺʻ
ً ً
لاَثَم لاثم
ً◌ 064B ã 00E3
mas̱alāã ms̱lāã
یرخُا ٍت َرابِعِب یرخا ٍترابعب
2 ◌ tanvīn 064D ẽ 1EBD
be‘ebāratẽ āoxry b‘bārtẽ āxryً
ه يَلِاٌراشُم ه يلاٌراشم
ٌ◌ 064C õ 00F5
mošārõāelayh mšārõālyh
4.4.3 Tāʼ marbūṭaẗ is not part of the Persian language. Where it occurs on an Arabic word found in
a Persian text, it should be treated according to ISO 233 Arabic transliteration: ة (hex 0629) should be
transliterated as ẗ (hex 1E97).
4.4.4 The Arabic word for God (الله, hex 0627, 0644, 0644, 0651, 0670, 0647) should be transliterated
as Allāh.
...