SIST EN 1504-9:2008
(Main)Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems
Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems
This Part of EN 1504 sets out basic considerations for specification of protection and repair of reinforced and unreinforced concrete structures (including, for example, pavements, runways, floor slabs and pre-stressed structures) using products and systems specified in other Parts of the EN 1504 series or any other relevant European Standard or European Technical Approval. This European Standard covers atmospherically exposed, buried and submerged structures.
This European Standard includes:
a) the need for inspection, testing and assessment before and after repair;
b) protection from causes of defects and their repair in concrete structures. Causes of such defects may include:
1) mechanical actions, e.g. impact, overloading, movement caused by settlement, blast, vibration and seismic actions;
2) chemical and biological actions from environments, e.g. sulphate attack, alkali aggregate reaction;
3) physical actions, e.g. freeze-thaw, thermal cracking, moisture movement, salt crystallisation and erosion;
4) fire damage;
5) reinforcement corrosion resulting from:
i) physical loss of the protective concrete cover;
ii) chemical loss of alkalinity in the protective concrete cover as a result of reaction with atmospheric carbon dioxide (carbonation);
iii) chloride (or other chemical) contamination of the concrete;
iv) stray electrical currents conducted or induced in the reinforcement from neighbouring electrical installations.
c) repair of defects caused by inadequate design, specification or construction or use of unsuitable construction materials;
d) providing the required structural capacity by:
1) replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement;
2) filling of cracks and voids within or between elements to ensure structural continuity;
3) replacement or addition of concrete or whole elements;
e) waterproofing as an integral part of protection and repair;
[...].
Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Begriffe, Anforderungen, Qualitätskontroll, Konformitätsbewertung - Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für den Einsatz von Produkten und Systemen
In diesem Teil von EN 1504 werden grundlegende Regeln für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von unbewehrten oder bewehrten Betontragwerken (einschließlich z. B. Fahrbahnbelägen, Start- und Lande¬bahnen, Deckenplatten und Tragwerken aus Spannbeton) beschrieben. Die zu verwendenden Produkte und Systeme sind in den weiteren Teilen der Normenreihe EN 1504 oder in weiteren relevanten Europäischen Normen oder in Europäischen Technischen Zulassungen festgelegt. Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Bauwerke, die der Witterung ausgesetzt sind, für unterirdische Bauwerke sowie für Bauwerke unter Wasser.
Diese Europäische Norm regelt:
a) die Notwendigkeit von Inspektionen, Prüfungen und Bewertungen vor und nach der Instandsetzung;
a)b) Schutz vor Schäden und Instandsetzung von beschädigten Tragwerken. Diese Schäden können u.a. durch folgende Faktoren verursacht werden:
1) mechanische Einwirkungen, z. B. Anprall, Überlastung, Setzungsbewegungen, Explosionen, Schwingungen und seismische Einwirkungen;
2) chemischer und biologischer Angriff aus der Umgebung, z.B. Sulfatangriff, Alkali-Kieselsäure-Reaktion;
3) physikalische Einwirkungen, z. B. Frost Tau Einflüsse, thermische Rissbildung, Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit, Salzkristallisation, Erosion;
4) Brandschäden;
5) Korrosion der Bewehrung infolge:
i) des physikalischen Verlustes der schützenden Betondeckung;
ii) des chemischen Verlustes der Alkalität in der schützenden Betondeckung als Ergebnis der Reaktion mit dem Kohlendioxid aus der Luft („Karbonatisierung“);
iii) der Verunreinigung des Betons durch Chloride (oder andere chemische Substanzen);
iv) von elektrischen Streuströmen, die von benachbarten elektrischen Anlagen durch die Bewehrung weitergeleitet wurden oder in der Bewehrung induziert worden sind.
a)c) Reparatur von Schäden, die durch unzulängliche Bemessung, Spezifikationen oder Konstruktion oder durch Verwendung ungeeigneter Baustoffe verursacht wurden;
Produits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation de structures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise de la qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principes généraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmes
La présente partie de l’EN 1504 définit les considérations de base relatives à la spécification de la protection et de la réparation des structures en béton armé et non armé (y compris, par exemple, les chaussées, les pistes d’atterrissage, les dalles de plancher et les structures précontraintes) qui utilisent des produits et systèmes spécifiés dans d’autres parties de la série EN 1504 ou toute autre Norme européenne ou Approbation technique européenne pertinente. La présente Norme européenne prend en compte les structures exposées à l’atmosphère, enterrées et immergées.
La présente Norme européenne comprend :
a) la nécessité d’inspection, d’essai et d’évaluation avant et après la réparation ;
b) la protection contre les causes des défauts et leur réparation au sein des structures en béton. Les causes de tels défauts peuvent inclure :
1) des actions mécaniques, par exemple choc, surcharge, déplacement causé par un tassement, explosion, vibration et séismes ;
2) des actions chimiques et biologiques provenant des environnements, par exemple détérioration causée par les sulfates, réaction alcaline des agrégats ;
3) des actions physiques, par exemple gel-dégel, fissuration thermique, migration de l’humidité, cristallisation saline et érosion ;
4) les dommages causés par le feu ;
5) la corrosion de l’armature résultant :
i) de la perte physique de la couche de protection du béton ;
ii) de la perte chimique d’alcalinité de la couche de protection du béton du fait de la réaction avec le dioxyde de carbone atmosphérique (carbonatation) ;
iii) de la pollution du béton par les chlorures (ou autres substances chimiques) ;
iv) des courants électriques parasites provenant des installations électriques voisines, conduits ou induits dans l’armature.
c) la réparation des défauts causés par une conception, spécification ou construction inadaptée ou l‘utilisation de matériaux de construction inappropriés ;
d) la fourniture de la capacité structurale requise par :
Proizvodi in sistemi za zaščito in popravilo betonskih konstrukcij - Definicije, zahteve, kontrola kakovosti in ovrednotenje skladnosti - 9. del: Splošna načela za uporabo proizvodov in sistemov
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Produkte und Systeme für den Schutz und die Instandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Begriffe, Anforderungen, Qualitätskontroll, Konformitätsbewertung - Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für den Einsatz von Produkten und SystemenProduits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation de structures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise de la qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principes généraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmesProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the use of products and systems91.080.40Betonske konstrukcijeConcrete structures01.040.91Gradbeni materiali in gradnja (Slovarji)Construction materials and building (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1504-9:2008SIST EN 1504-9:2008en,fr,de01-december-2008SIST EN 1504-9:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST ENV 1504-9:19981DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 1504-9September 2008ICS 01.040.91; 91.080.40Supersedes ENV 1504-9:1997
English VersionProducts and systems for the protection and repair of concretestructures - Definitions, requirements, quality control andevaluation of conformity - Part 9: General principles for the useof products and systemsProduits et systèmes pour la protection et la réparation destructures en béton - Définitions, exigences et maîtrise dela qualité et évaluation de la conformité - Partie 9: Principesgénéraux d'utilisation des produits et systèmesProdukte und Systeme für den Schutz und dieInstandsetzung von Betontragwerken - Definitionen,Anforderungen, Qualitätsüberwachung und Beurteilung derKonformität - Teil 9: Allgemeine Grundsätze für dieAnwendung von Produkten und SystemenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 27 July 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 1504-9:2008: ESIST EN 1504-9:2008
Guidance and background information.15 Introduction.15 A.1 Scope.15 A.2 Normative reference.16 A.3 Terms and definitions.16 A.4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair.16 A.5 Protection and repair within a structure management strategy.20 A.6 Basis for the choice of protection and repair principles and methods.22 A.7 Properties of products and systems required for compliance with the principles of protection and repair.27 A.8 Maintenance following completion of protection and repair.28 A.9 Health, safety and environment.28 A.10 Competence of personnel.28 Bibliography.29
Introduction Protection and repair of concrete structures require complex design work. This European Standard defines the principles for protection and repair of concrete structures which have suffered or may suffer damage or deterioration and gives guidance on the selection of products and systems which are appropriate for the intended use. This European Standard identifies key stages in the repair process: assessment of the condition of the structure; identification of the causes of deterioration; deciding the options for protection and repair; selection of the appropriate principle(s) of protection and repair; selection of methods; definition of properties of products and systems; specification of maintenance requirements following protection and repair. This European Standard contains an Annex A (Informative) which provides guidance and background information on the Normative text. SIST EN 1504-9:2008
See A.3. 3.5 protection measure that is intended to prevent or reduce the development of defects in the structure 3.6 repair measure that is intended to rectify defects in the structure 3.7 service life period over which the intended performance is achieved NOTE
See A.3. 3.8 substrate surface on which a protection or repair material is to be applied NOTE
See A.3. 4 Minimum requirements before protection and repair 4.1 General Clause 4 outlines procedures that shall be undertaken to assess the current condition of a concrete structure before protection and repair. General guidance is given in Annex A (informative). 4.2 Health and Safety The risks to health and safety from falling debris or local failure due to removing materials, and the effect of deterioration upon the mechanical stability of the concrete structure shall be assessed. Where the concrete structure is considered to be unsafe, appropriate action shall be specified to make it safe before other protection or repair work is undertaken, taking into account any additional risks that may arise from the repair work itself. Such action may include local protection or repairs, the installation of support or other temporary works, or partial or even complete demolition. 4.3 Assessment of defects and their causes An assessment shall be made of the defects in the concrete structure, their causes, and of the ability of the concrete structure to perform its function. The process of assessment of the structure shall include but not be limited to the following: a) the visible condition of the existing concrete structure; b) testing to determine the condition of the concrete and reinforcing steel; c) the original design approach; d) the environment, including exposure to contamination; SIST EN 1504-9:2008
Figure 1 — Common causes of defects SIST EN 1504-9:2008
Other methods not described in this European Standard may be used if there is documented evidence that they comply with one or more principles. SIST EN 1504-9:2008
Principle Examples of methods based on the principles Relevant part of EN 1504 (where applicable) Principles and methods related to defects in concrete 1.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
2 1.2 Impregnation 2 1.3 Coating 2 1.4 Surface bandaging of cracks
1.5 Filling of cracks 5 1.6 Transferring cracks into joints
1.7 Erecting external panels a
1. Protection against ingress 1.8 Applying membranes a
2.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
2 2.2 Impregnation 2 2.3 Coating 2 2.4 Erecting external panels
2. Moisture control 2.5 Electrochemical treatment
3.1 Hand-applied mortar 3 3.2 Recasting with concrete or mortar 3 3.3 Spraying concrete or mortar 3 3. Concrete restoration 3.4 Replacing elements
4.1 Adding or replacing embedded or external reinforcing bars
4.2 Adding reinforcement anchored in pre-formed or drilled holes 6 4.3 Bonding plate reinforcement 4 4.4 Adding mortar or concrete 3, 4 4.5 Injecting cracks, voids or interstices 5 4.6 Filling cracks, voids or interstices 5 4. Structural strengthening 4.7 Prestressing - (post tensioning)
5.1 Coating 2 5.2 Impregnation 2 5. Increasing physical resistance 5.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3 6.1 Coating 2 6.2 Impregnation 2 6. Resistance to chemicals 6.3 Adding mortar or concrete 3 Principles and methods related to reinforcement corrosion 7.1 Increasing cover with additional mortar or concrete 3 7.2 Replacing contaminated or carbonated concrete 3 7.3 Electrochemical realkalisation of carbonated concrete
7.4 Realkalisation of carbonated concrete by diffusion
7. Preserving or restoring passivity 7.5 Electrochemical chloride extraction
8.1 Hydrophobic impregnation
2 8.2 Impregnation 2 8. Increasing resistivity 8.3 Coating 2 9. Cathodic control 9.1 Limiting oxygen content (at the cathode) by saturation or surface coating
10. Cathodic protection 10.1 Applying an electrical potential
11.1 Active coating of the reinforcement 7 11.2 Barrier coating of the reinforcement 7 11. Control of anodic areas 11.3 Applying corrosion inhibitors in or to the concrete
a These methods may also be applicable to other principles. 6.2.4 Protection and repair of concrete and reinforcement by methods not mentioned in this European Standard The absence from this European Standard of a specific method, or the application of a method to a new situation, shall not be taken to mean that such a method or application is necessarily unsatisfactory. The application of methods to situations unforeseen in this European Standard, or the use of methods which do SIST EN 1504-9:2008
Guidance and background information Foreword This Annex provides guidance and background information on the normative text.
NOTE For ease of reference, the clause and sub-clause numbers of this Annex are numbered to mirror the sections of the normative text. Introduction This Annex defines the principles for protection and repair of concrete structures that have suffered or may suffer damage or deterioration, giving guidance on effective intervention intended to reduce the risk of future significant unplanned deterioration and maintenance. This Annex also gives guidance on the selection of products and systems which are appropriate for the intended use. A.1 Scope Some aspects of the scope will require specialised knowledge and structural design. Examples include structural requirements of fire-damaged concrete, assessment and repair of pre-stressed concrete and increasing structural capacity by replacement or addition of embedded or external reinforcement. The scope does not include non-structural construction materials used in conjunction with concrete, such as floor screeds or render and plaster finishes. a) The scope of this Annex does not include detailed guidance on inspection, testing and assessment either before or after repair, although some further information is given in EN 1504-10 and its informative Annex. National standards, regulations and guidance may apply when undertaking these activities. b) and c)
In well designed and constructed concrete structures built to EN 1992-1-1, prEN 13670 and EN 206-1, the concrete cover should normally protect reinforcement from corrosion under conditions of normal exposure in natural environments, including marine environments and where de-icing salts are used. With older structures, previous standards may not have been adequate for normal exposure. In particular, inadequate design, specification or construction, or use of unsuitable construction materials, may lead to a poor quality cover concrete, poor compaction and hence reduced durability of reinforced concrete (see A.4.3). Other mechanisms may cause premature deterioration, including fire, mechanical actions or chemical attack. d) For waterproofing of vertical surfaces, vapour-permeable materials are normally used; for waterproofing horizontal surfaces materials that are impervious to water and water vapour are normally used, but this depends on the intended use of the structure. e) EN 1504-10 covers site application and includes details of methods of protection and repair, including the preparation of the concrete and reinforcement before application of products and systems. Products and systems may be applied for purposes other than protection and repair, for example solely or mainly to improve appearance, or to modify a concrete structure for a different use. SIST EN 1504-9:2008
Figure A.1 — The phases of a typical repair projects SIST EN 1504-9:2008
The assessment of defects, the prognosis for their further development and the structural assessment should be recorded. A.4.3.4 Structural Appraisal As part of the structural appraisal, the properties of the concrete (e.g. compressive strength and elastic modulus) and the reinforcement detailing (e.g. bar size, type, spacing and cover) may need to be verified through testing. Recalculation of the remaining load capacity in the deteriorated state may be needed. A.4.3.5 Qualifications of assessors Condition assessments and structural appraisals are often carried out in advance of the repair process set out in this European Standard and sometimes before it has been recognised that a problem exists. All assessments should be made by suitably qualified personnel with knowledge of investigation methods, structural design, maintenance, material technology and of the mechanisms which can contribute to the deterioration process of concrete structures. It should be noted that national, federal or local rules for assessors may apply. The competence of personnel designing, specifying and executing concrete repair works is set out at A.9. SIST EN 1504-9:2008
Key X Asset condition Y Life of the asset A Critical condition B Target life
Ideal life curve
Actual deterioration curve
Projected deterioration Repair based on:
Restoring to initial state x2
Maintaining current state Figure A.2 — Typical repair cycles over the life of a deteriorating asset SIST EN 1504-9:2008
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