ISO 3008:2007

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 3008
Third edition
2007-09-15
Fire-resistance tests — Door and shutter
assemblies
Essais de résistance au feu — Assemblages porte et volet

Reference number
©
ISO 2007
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ii © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword. iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope .1
2 Normative references .1
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Test equipment .3
5 Test conditions .4
6 Test specimen.4
6.1 Size of specimen.4
6.2 Number of specimens .4
6.3 Design of specimen.4
6.4 Construction.4
6.5 Verification .4
7 Installation of test specimen .5
7.1 General.5
7.2 Supporting construction.5
7.3 Test construction.5
7.4 Gaps .14
8 Conditioning.18
8.1 Moisture content.18
8.2 Mechanical.18
9 Application of instrumentation.19
9.1 Temperature measurements.19
9.2 Maximum temperature .34
9.3 Temperature of door frame.35
9.4 Pressure measurements .35
9.5 Heat-flux measurement .36
9.6 Deflection.37
10 Test procedure.41
11 Performance criteria.42
11.1 Integrity.42
11.2 Insulation .43
12 Test report .43
13 Field of direct application of test results .43
13.1 General.43
13.2 Timber constructions .44
13.3 Steel constructions.44
13.4 Glazed constructions .44
13.5 Fixings/Hardware.44
Annex A (normative) Conditioning requirements for supporting constructions .46
Annex B (informative) Estimation of radiant heat flux using measured surface temperature and
the Stefan-Blotzmann law .47
Bibliography .49

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 3008 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
containment.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 3008:2006), which has been technically
revised, specifically with changes to the wording of the Note to Figure 17, to 9.1.2.5 and to the list in 9.2.5,
and minor editorial changes to improve consistency of style and clarity.
iv © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document contains specific requirements for fire-resistance testing which are unique to the elements of
building construction described as doors and shutters. The requirements for these doors and shutters are
intended to be applied in appropriate conjunction with the detailed and general requirements contained in
ISO 834-1.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 3008:2007(E)

Fire-resistance tests — Door and shutter assemblies
CAUTION — The attention of all persons concerned with managing and carrying out this
fire-resistance test is drawn to the fact that fire testing may be hazardous and that there is a
possibility that toxic and/or harmful smoke and gases may be evolved during the test. Mechanical and
operational hazards may also arise during the construction of the test elements or structures, their
testing and disposal of test residues.
An assessment of all potential hazards and risks to health shall be made and safety precautions shall
be identified and provided. Written safety instructions shall be issued. Appropriate training shall be
given to relevant personnel. Laboratory personnel shall ensure that they follow written safety
instructions at all times.
1 Scope
This International Standard, used in conjunction with ISO 834-1, specifies a method for determining the fire
resistance of door and shutter assemblies designed primarily for installation within openings incorporated in
vertical separating elements, such as
⎯ hinged and pivoted doors,
⎯ horizontally sliding and vertically sliding doors, including articulated sliding doors and sectional doors,
⎯ steel single-skin folding shutters (un-insulated),
⎯ other sliding, folding doors,
⎯ tilting doors,
⎯ rolling shutter doors,
⎯ removable panels in walls.
This method can also be used to determine the fire resistance of non-loadbearing horizontal doors by analogy.
However, these are not specifically addressed here and the field of direct application given in Clause 13 is not
valid for horizontally oriented doors.
No requirements are included for mechanical conditioning, e.g. “shakedown” or durability as these are
included in the relevant product standard or for smoke leakage testing of doors and shutters; for the latter, see
ISO 5925-1.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1:1999, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 834-8, Fire-resistance tests – Elements of building construction — Part 8: Specific requirements for
non-loadbearing vertical separating elements
ISO 13943, Fire safety — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 834-1, ISO 13943 and the following
apply.
3.1
associated supporting construction
specific construction in which the door or shutter assembly is installed as intended for use in practice and
which is used to close off the furnace and provide the levels of restraint and thermal heat transfer to be
experienced in normal use
3.2
cill
member that spans between two frame jambs at the base, which might or might not be set into the floor, and
that remains visible
3.3
door assembly
door set
complete assembly, consisting of pivoted, hinged or sliding door leaves or leaf including any frame that is
provided for closing of permanent openings in separating elements
NOTE This includes all side panels, vision panels or transom panels. The assembly shall be complete with grilles and
louvers together with the door hardware and any fire seals, smoke seals, draught seals, acoustic seals that are used in the
assembly.
3.4
door hardware
items such as hinges, handles, locks, panic bar(s), escutcheons, letter plates, kick plates, sliding gear, closing
devices, electrical components, wiring, etc., that are, or can be, used in the door or shutter assembly
3.5
double action
action of a fire door leaf that opens in both directions
3.6
fire seal
seal fitted to the frame or to the leaf edge for the purpose of extending the period of integrity of the assembly
3.7
floor
upper surface of the horizontal element on which the door or shutter assembly is mounted and which extends
from the exposed face to the unexposed face of the assembly
3.8
flush over panel
fixed panel fitted within the head and jambs above the door leaf without a transom fitted
3.9
gap
clearance between two nominally adjacent surfaces and/or edges, e.g. between the edge of a leaf and the
frame or face of the leaf and the frame stop
2 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

3.10
primary leaf
leaf of a multi-leaved door assembly that is the largest and/or has the handle attached to it as the preferred
leaf for general operation
NOTE If the leaves of a multi-leaved door are the same size and if the handles (or other hardware such as push
plates) are fitted to all leaves, then no primary leaf exists for that door assembly.
3.11
shutter assembly
complete assembly consisting of rolling, folded or sliding curtains, including guides, rollers, tracks, and
operating mechanism and housings
3.12
side panel
fixed panel that is incorporated to one side of a door that is part of the test specimen
3.13
single action
action of a fire door leaf that opens in only one direction
3.14
smoke seal
seal fitted to the frame or to the leaf edge for the purpose of restricting the flow of smoke or hot gases
3.15
standard supporting construction
form of construction used to close off the furnace and to support the door or shutter assembly being evaluated
and which has a quantifiable influence on both the thermal heat transfer between the construction and the test
specimen and provides known resistance to thermal distortion
3.16
test specimen
door or shutter assembly that is installed in a standard or associated supporting construction to allow its
evaluation
3.17
through connection
fixing or internal spacer that either penetrates through the door or shutter construction from one face to
another or directly connects the faces one to the other
3.18
transom
member that extends across the frame from jamb to jamb at the head of the leaf and that creates an aperture
to house a transom panel
3.19
transom panel
fixed panel that is incorporated above a door and is bounded on all edges by either the frame head, the jambs
or the transom
4 Test equipment
4.1 The test equipment shall be as specified in ISO 834-1. The furnace used shall be related to the
orientation of the test specimen. For vertical specimens, the wall testing furnace is suitable, for horizontal
specimens, the floor furnace is applicable.
4.2 Measurement of heat flux from the unexposed surface of specimens shall be made as described in 9.5.
5 Test conditions
Test conditions require the application of the heating and pressure conditions of the standard test as defined
in ISO 834-1.
6 Test specimen
6.1 Size of specimen
The test specimen and all its components shall be full size. When this is restricted by the size of the opening
of the furnace (which is normally 3 m × 3 m), the door or shutter assembly shall be tested at the maximum
size possible and the fire resistance of the full sized assembly shall be derived by an extended application
analysis. However, the minimum dimensions of supporting construction shall not be less than that prescribed
in 7.3.1.
6.2 Number of specimens
The number of test specimens shall be selected as described in ISO 834-1. If testing is carried out from one
side only, it shall be stated in the test report whether this is due to the symmetrical nature of the door or
because it is required to resist fire from one side only.
6.3 Design of specimen
6.3.1 The design of the test specimen and the choice of supporting construction shall take into account the
requirements of 7.3 if the widest field of direct application is to be achieved.
6.3.2 Where the door or shutter assembly incorporates side, transom or flush over panels, whether glazed
or unglazed, these shall be tested as part of the door or shutter assembly. The side panel shall always be on
the latch side.
6.3.3 The test specimen shall be fully representative of the door or shutter assembly as intended for use in
practice, including any appropriate surface finishes and fittings that are an essential part of the specimen and
that can influence its behaviour in a test construction.
6.4 Construction
The test specimen shall be constructed as described in ISO 834-1.
6.5 Verification
6.5.1 The sponsor shall provide a specification to a level of detail sufficient to allow the laboratory to
conduct a detailed examination of the specimen before the test and to agree on the accuracy of the
information supplied. ISO 834-1 provides detailed guidance on verification of the test specimen.
6.5.2 When the method of construction precludes a detailed survey of the specimen without having to
permanently damage it, or if it is considered that it will subsequently be impossible to evaluate construction
details from a post-test examination, then one of two options shall be exercised by the laboratory:
⎯ either the laboratory shall oversee the manufacture of the door or shutter assembly(ies) subjected to the
test,
⎯ or the sponsor shall, at the discretion of the laboratory, be requested to supply an additional assembly or
that part of the assembly that cannot be verified (e.g. a door leaf) in addition to the number required for
the testing. The laboratory shall then choose freely which of these shall be subjected to the testing and
which shall be used to verify the construction.
4 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

7 Installation of test specimen
7.1 General
7.1.1 The test specimen shall be installed as intended for use in practice, incorporating all hardware and
other items that can influence the performance of the specimen.
7.1.2 The test specimen shall be mounted in a supporting construction, the field of application of which
covers the type (see 7.3.1) in which it is intended for use. The design of the connection between the test
specimen and the supporting construction, including any fixings and materials used to make the connection,
shall be as intended for use in practice and shall be regarded as part of the test specimen.
7.1.3 The whole area of the test specimen, together with at least the minimum dimensions of the supporting
construction required by 7.3.1, shall be exposed to the heating conditions.
7.2 Supporting construction
The fire resistance of any supporting construction shall not be determined from a test in conjunction with a test
specimen and shall be at least commensurate with that anticipated for the test specimen.
7.3 Test construction
7.3.1 Associated and supporting construction
The space between the specimen and the frame shall be filled with either
⎯ associated construction, or
⎯ supporting construction.
There shall be a minimum zone, 200 mm wide, of supporting construction exposed within the furnace each
side and over the top of the aperture into which the test specimen is fixed. The thickness of the supporting
construction may be increased outside of the 200 mm zone. The test construction may incorporate more than
one test specimen providing that there is a minimum separation of 200 mm between each specimen and
between the specimens and the edge of the furnace.
7.3.2 Associated construction
When the test specimen is always installed in a specific, normally proprietary form of construction, that is
permanently associated with its intended use in practice, then the specimen shall be installed in a sample of
this associated construction.
7.3.3 Supporting construction
7.3.3.1 Where the test specimen is not permanently associated with a specific form of construction, the
area between the test specimen and the support frame shall be filled with a rigid or flexible standard
supporting construction as specified in ISO 834-8.
7.3.3.2 The choice of standard supporting construction shall reflect the range of intended use for the door
or shutter assembly. The rules governing the applicability of the chosen standard supporting construction to
other end use situations are given in Clause 13.
7.3.3.3 Figures 1 to 8 illustrate the use of supporting constructions in conjunction with the mounting of
specimens of different types.
Key
1 steel vertical “C” stud
2 12,5 mm plasterboard
3 screws at 300 mm fixing centres
Figure 1 — Example of a horizontal cross-section of a flexible standard supporting construction
6 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Key
1 standard supporting construction (block wall)
2 door assembly (test specimen)
3 test frame
a
Key items 1 and 2 form the test construction.
Figure 2 — Example of door assembly in a rigid standard supporting construction
Key
1 standard or associated supporting construction
2 door assembly (test specimen)
3 test frame
4 free edge insulation
a
Key items 1 and 2 form the test construction.
Figure 3 — Example of a door assembly in flexible standard or associated supporting construction
8 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 floor
2 standard supporting construction
3 associated supporting construction
4 free edge insulation
Figure 4 — Example of horizontal sections for mounting hinged door specimens
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 rigid non-combustible material
2 cill
Figure 5 — Examples for mounting hinged door specimens (vertical sections)
10 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
a) Vertical section
b) Horizontal section
Key
1 supporting construction
2 floor, rigid non-combustible material
3 top of furnace
4 bottom of furnace
5 side of furnace
Figure 6 — Example of details for mounting sliding door specimens
Dimensions in millimetres
a) Vertical section
b) Horizontal section
Key
1 supporting construction
2 floor, rigid non-combustible material
3 top of furnace
Figure 7 — Example of details for mounting folding door specimens
12 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
a) Vertical section
b) Horizontal section
Key
1 supporting construction
2 floor, rigid non-combustible material
Figure 8 — Example of details for mounting rolling-shutter specimens
7.3.4 Restraint on supporting construction
7.3.4.1 For flexible standard supporting constructions and all associated supporting constructions, the
partition or wall shall be erected so that it can distort freely perpendicular to the plane of the construction along
the vertical edges, i.e. there shall be a free edge at each end of the construction.
7.3.4.2 For rigid standard supporting constructions, the wall shall be erected with no freedom to distort
perpendicular to the plane of the wall along the vertical edges, i.e. it shall be fixed to the inside of the test
frame as in normal practice.
7.3.4.3 If the bottom of the test specimen is at floor level in practice, then, at the bottom of the aperture,
continuity of the floor shall be simulated using a solid, non-combustible rigid material that has a minimum
width of 200 mm on each side of the assembly, i.e. from the exposed to the unexposed face. The furnace floor
can be regarded as part of the simulation of the floor continuity provided that it is level with the base of the
assembly. If a cill detail is incorporated as part of the door or shutter assembly, this shall be incorporated
within, or placed on top of, the extension. If the test specimen is not to be used at floor level, and provided that
it has a frame detail to all four sides of the aperture, then it may be mounted simply within the thickness of the
wall, without the extension.
If the specimen is tested in conjunction with a non-combustible floor, then this might not represent the
situation when the specimen is installed above a combustible flooring such as timber or carpet.
7.4 Gaps
7.4.1 The adjustment of the door leaf, leaves or shutter and gaps shall be within the tolerances of the
design values stipulated by the sponsor. These shall be representative of those used as intended for use in
practice, so that appropriate clearances exist, e.g. between the fixed and moveable components.
7.4.2 In order to generate the widest field of direct application, the gaps shall be set between the middle
value and the maximum value within the range of gaps given by the sponsor.
NOTE A door or shutter assembly with a specified range of gaps from 3 mm to 8 mm is tested with gaps set between
5,5 mm and 8 mm.
Examples of gap measurement are given in Figures 9 to 12.
14 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Figure 9 — Examples of clearance gap measurements for hinged and pivoted doors —
Vertical sections
a) Single doors
b) Meeting edge for double doors
Figure 10 — Examples of gap measurements for hinged and pivoted doors
16 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

a) Sliding doors
b) Roller shutters
c) Sliding folding doors
Key
1 junction between two leaves
Figure 11 — Examples of gap measurements — Horizontal sections
a) Sliding doors b) Roller shutters c) Sliding folding doors
Figure 12 — Examples of gap measurements — Vertical sections
8 Conditioning
8.1 Moisture content
The test specimen shall be conditioned in accordance with ISO 834-1. Requirements for conditioning of
supporting constructions are given in Annex A.
8.2 Mechanical
Some product standards exist for certification purposes that require mechanical testing before the start of the
fire test. Durability requirements are given in the relevant product standard.
18 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

9 Application of instrumentation
9.1 Temperature measurements
9.1.1 Furnace-temperature measuring instrument
Plate thermometers shall be provided in accordance with ISO 834-1. They shall be evenly distributed over a
vertical plane 100 mm from the nearest plane of the test construction; see Figure 13. There shall be at least
one plate thermometer for every 1,5 m of the exposed surface area of the test construction, subject to a
minimum of four. The plate thermometer shall be oriented so that “side A” faces the back wall of the furnace.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 plane of furnace
2 nearest plane of test construction
3 test frame
Figure 13 — Example of positions of furnace-temperature measuring devices (plate thermometer) —
Horizontal section
9.1.2 Unexposed-face thermocouples
9.1.2.1 Where no evaluation against the insulation criteria is required of the door or shutter assembly, or
any part thereof, no temperature measurements are required.
9.1.2.2 Where it is required to evaluate compliance with the insulation criteria, thermocouples of the type
specified in ISO 834-1 shall be attached to the unexposed face for the purpose of obtaining the average and
maximum surface temperatures. Examples of the location of unexposed-face thermocouples are shown in
Figures 14 to 27.
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouple for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouple for average temperature rise
3 door frame
4 door leaf
Figure 14 — Example of locations of unexposed-face thermocouples —
General arrangement — Single-leaf door, 1 200 mm
20 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples for average temperature rise
3 primary door leaf
4 secondary door leaf
5 door frame
Figure 15 — Example of locations of unexposed-face thermocouples — General arrangement —
Double-leaf door assembly: primary leaf, 1 200 mm wide; secondary leaf, < 1 200 mm
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 clear opening
NOTE Although thermocouples are shown on both sides of the door face in this illustration to show proximity to the
frame, they are placed only on the non-fire-exposed face.
Figure 16 — Example of locations of unexposed-face thermocouples at periphery
of hinged and pivoted doors (detail)
22 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
NOTE Although thermocouples are shown on both sides of the door face in this illustration to show proximity to the
meeting edge, they are placed only on the non-fire-exposed face.
Figure 17 — Example of location of unexposed-face thermocouples on meeting edges —
Hinged or pivoted double-leaf doors
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples for average temperature rise
3 clear opening
4 door track
Figure 18 — Example of locations of unexposed-face thermocouples —
Single-leaf sliding door
24 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
a) Section view
b) Plan view
c) Plan view
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
NOTE Although thermocouples are shown on both sides of the door face in this illustration to show proximity to the
frame, they are placed only on the non-fire-exposed face.
Figure 19 — Example of locations of unexposed-face thermocouples —
Single-leaf sliding door
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples for average temperature rise
3 clear opening
4 shutter curtain
NOTE Although thermocouples are shown on both sides of the door face in this illustration to show proximity to the
frame, they are placed only on the non-fire-exposed face.
Figure 20 — Example of locations of unexposed-face thermocouples, general arrangement —
Roller shutter
26 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 to 6 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
Thermocouples 1, 3, 4 and 6 are always required. Thermocouples 2 and 5 are not required if the leaf width is less than
1 200 mm.
Figure 21 — Reduction in number of unexposed-face thermocouples with decreasing leaf width
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples for average temperature rise
W width of panel
H height of panel
Figure 22 — Examples of locations of thermocouples in discrete areas, e.g. side panels, over panels
and transom panels, assuming that there is only one of each type in the specimen
28 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples for average temperature rise
Figure 23 — Example of locations of thermocouples on unexposed face —
Example of double-leaf door with hinged flush over panel (largest leaf width < 1 200 mm)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
‡ thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
| thermocouples for average temperature rise
Figure 24 — Example of locations of thermocouples on unexposed face —
Example for double-leaf door with transom panel (largest leaf width < 1 200 mm)
30 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples for maximum temperature rise
2 transom frame width for application of thermocouples
3 transom panel
4 door leaf
NOTE 1 Although thermocouples are shown on both sides of the door face in this illustration to show proximity to the
frame, they are placed only on the non-fire-exposed face.
NOTE 2 See 9.3 for additional guidance on single doors.
Figure 25 — Example of locations of thermocouples on an unexposed face —
Example for double-leaf door with transom panel (largest leaf width < 1 200 mm)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples 9 to 20 for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples 1 to 8 for both average and maximum temperature rise
NOTE 1 Average temperature of glazed area is the average of thermocouples 6 and 7.
NOTE 2 Maximum temperature of glazed area is the maximum of thermocouples 6 to 10.
NOTE 3 Average temperature of door leaf is the average of thermocouples 1 to 5.
NOTE 4 Maximum temperature of door leaf is the maximum of thermocouples 1 to 5 and 11 to 20.
Figure 26 — Example of locations of unexposed-surface thermocouples on hinged door
incorporating glazing (width of door leaf > 1 200 mm)
32 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 thermocouples 9 to 22 for maximum temperature rise
2 thermocouples 1 to 8 for both average and maximum temperature rise
NOTE 1 Average temperature of door leaf is the average of thermocouples 1 to 5.
NOTE 2 Maximum temperature of door leaf is the maximum of thermocouples 1 to 5 and 9 to 12.
NOTE 3 Average temperature of side/over panels is the average of thermocouples 6 to 8.
NOTE 4 Maximum temperature of side/over panels is the maximum of thermocouples 6 to 8 and 13 to 22.
Figure 27 — Example of locations of unexposed-surface thermocouples
on door assemblies with multiple side/over panels
9.1.2.3 The temperature of the supporting construction in which the door or shutter assembly is mounted
is not required to be measured and, therefore, no thermocouples are required.
9.1.2.4 No thermocouple shall be placed within 50 mm of any hardware.
9.1.2.5 Position five thermocouples (for single- or double-leaf doors), one at the centre of each of the
specimen leaves (single or multiple) and one at the centre of each quarter section. These shall not be located
closer than 50 mm to any joint, stiffener or through component, nor closer than 100 mm to the edge of the
leaf.
9.1.2.6 For door or shutter assemblies which incorporate discrete areas of different thermal insulation
W 0,1 m (e.g. flush over panels, transom panels, side panels or glazed panels within a door leaf), extra
thermocouples shall be evenly distributed over the sum of the surface of those areas to determine the average
temperature at a density of one thermocouple per square metre or part thereof, subject to a minimum of two.
The average insulation performance of the sum of each area shall be determined.
9.1.2.7 When the total area of a single portion of the door or shutter assembly represents less than
0,1 m , it shall be disregarded for the purpose of ascertaining the average unexposed-face temperature.
9.2 Maximum temperature
9.2.1 The maximum temperature shall be determined from the five thermocouples fixed to determine the
average temperature rise (as given in 9.1.2.5), the roving thermocouple and from additional thermocouples
fixed as indicated in 9.2.2 and 9.2.3.
9.2.2 If the door or shutter assembly incorporates discrete areas of different thermal insulation W 0,1 m
(e.g. flush over panels, transom panels, side panels, or glazed panels within a door or shutter area) that are
evaluated separately with respect to average temperature rise, then the evaluation of maximum unexposed-
face temperature of those areas shall also be undertaken separately. This can require extra unexposed-
surface thermocouples to be applied as given in 9.1.2.6 and 9.1.2.7.
9.2.3 For the temperature of door leaf or shutter, thermocouples shall be fixed to the face of each leaf or
shutter as follows:
a) at mid-height, 100 mm in from the vertical edges as specified below;
b) at mid-width, 100 mm down from the horizontal edge as specified below;
c) 100 mm in from the vertical edges, 100 mm down from the horizontal edge as follows:
1) the inside edges of the clear opening for
⎯ hinged or pivoted doors opening toward the furnace,
⎯ shutters or sliding doors installed on the exposed side of the supporting construction, or,
2) the visible part of the edge of the door leaf for
⎯ hinged or pivoted doors opening away from the furnace,
⎯ shutters or sliding doors installed on the unexposed side of the supporting construction.
If, due to the narrow width of the leaf (leaves) or shutter(s), the thermocouples specified in b) and c) are closer
than 500 mm to each other, then those specified in b) are omitted.
If the leaf is < 200 mm wide (e.g. as in a multi-leaf folding shutter), then the leaves are treated as if they were
one leaf with respect to application of unexposed-face thermocouples for evaluating maximum temperature
rise.
34 © ISO 2007 – All rights reserved

Examples of the reduction in the requirement for unexposed-face thermocouples with decreasing leaf width
are given in Figure 21.
Additional thermocouples shall be fixed to other areas of the leaf or shutter, e.g. over any through connection
or position where the temperature can be expected to be higher than the mean for the surface, subject to the
limitations given in 9.2.4, 9.2.5 and 9.2.6. See Figures 14 to 20 and 22 to 27.
9.2.4 For the temperature of other areas, thermocouples for determination of the maximum temperature rise
of side, transom and flush over panels and discrete panels of different thermal insulation within the door leaf
shall be applied as for door leaves. However, if there is more than one other area of the same type, then they
shall be treated as one large area (as those for the average temperature rise are). In such cases,
thermocouples shall avoid any framework adjacent to the frame leaf; see Figures 26 and 27.
9.2.5 In addition, thermocouples shall be placed on flush over panels and transom panels above door
leaves (but not discrete panels within the leaf) as follows:
a) at mid-width, 100 mm in from the horizontal edge; and
b) 100 mm in from the vertical edges, 100 mm in from the horizontal edges.
See Figures 23 and 24 for examples of the above. See Figure 22 for exclusion of the thermocouples on
panels on the basis of size and distance between thermocouples.
9.2.6 The rules for reducing the number of thermocouples on door leaves of decreasing width shall also
apply in transom panels, side panels and flush over panels.
9.3 Temperature of door frame
Thermocouples shall be fixed at each of the following positions:
a) one at mid-height on each vertical member;
b) one on the horizontal top member of the frame (and any transom > 30 mm wide, if fitted) at mid-width
(100 mm away from the door joint of a multi-leaf door on the primary leaf side);
c) one on the horizontal top member of the frame (and any transom > 30 mm wide, if fitted) 50 mm in from
each corner of the leaf opening.
At each of the positions, thermocouples shall be fixed as close as possible, i.e. with the centre of the disc
15 mm from the junction between the frame and the supporting construction. Irrespective of this, the distance
of these thermocouples from the inside edge of the frame shall not be greater than 100 mm. See Figure 16.
For single-leaf doors, if due to the narrow width of the opening, the thermocouples specified in b) and c) are
closer than 550 mm to each other, then that specified in b) is omitted; see Figure 21.
9.4 Pressure measurements
9.4.1 The pressure in the furnace shall be measured by means of one of the designs of sensors shown in
ISO 834-1:1999, Figure 4.
9.4.2 The pressure measuring equipment shall be capable of operating within a range of − 20 Pa to + 30 Pa
with a tolerance of ± 2 Pa.
9.4.3 The pressure recording equipment shall be capable of recording data at 1-min intervals with a
tolerance of ± 1 s
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