ISO/FDIS 22785-4

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on
Secretariat: BSI
plastics and composites —
Voting begins on:
2026-04-24
Part 4:
Abrasion and scratch testing
Voting terminates on:
2026-06-19
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on
Secretariat: BSI
plastics and composites —
Voting begins on:
Part 4:
Abrasion and scratch testing
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Sample composition and preparation . 2
4.1 Samples .2
4.2 Influence of substrate.2
4.3 Surface condition .2
4.4 Conditioning.2
4.5 Ageing .2
5 Overview of test methods . 3
5.1 Linear abrasion method — linear abrasion tester .3
5.1.1 General .3
5.1.2 Test environment .3
5.1.3 General technical characteristics .3
5.2 Hand abrasion tester .4
5.2.1 General .4
5.2.2 General technical characteristics .4
5.2.3 Particularities .5
5.2.4 Possible sources of error .5
5.3 Scratch tests .5
5.3.1 Manual scratch tests .5
5.3.2 Automatic scratch tests .7
5.4 Rotating abrasion method .8
5.4.1 Taber test.8
5.4.2 Wash scratch resistance .9
5.4.3 Martindale test.10
6 Methods for the evaluation after testing .11
6.1 General .11
6.2 Visual methods .11
6.3 Colour measurement .11
6.4 Gloss measurement .11
6.5 Haze measurement . 12
6.6 Gravimetric methods . 12
Bibliography .13

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
General test methods for paints and varnishes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22785 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
The ISO 22785 series explains the characteristics of plastics and the differences between plastics substrates
and metallic substrates.
v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 22785-4:2026(en)
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and
composites —
Part 4:
Abrasion and scratch testing
1 Scope
This document specifies the abrasion and scratch tests of coatings on plastics, plastics composites, and
similar substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics.
This document shows the potential effect of plastics on the behaviour of the coating during abrasion and
scratch testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
ISO 22785-1, Coatings on plastics and composites — Part 1: General introduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618, ISO 22785-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
abrasion resistance
resistance of solid surfaces to mechanical stress, in particular friction
Note 1 to entry: The abrasion resistance is determined by the surface characteristics of the substances involved, such
as roughness and hardness.
3.2
abrasion test
test method which serves for the determination of the abrasion resistance (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Abrasion can be tested together with various stresses, e.g. media. The stress is normally applied
in parallel and can be applied in different ways. The evaluation is specified respectively, since there are different
evaluation methods (optical change of colour, gloss, transmission/haze, loss of mass).

3.3
surface condition
totality of surface characteristics such as grain, gloss, and roughness
Note 1 to entry: The surface condition has a great influence on the abrasion behaviour.
4 Sample composition and preparation
4.1 Samples
Coatings on specimen plates as specified in ISO 1514 as well as coatings on components are tested. Defects
and damage of all kinds in the substrate affect the appearance and characteristics. The surface shall be
free of any substances that can impair the adhesion of the coating. Likewise, the surface shall be free from
substances sweating out or migrating to the surface over a longer period, potentially due to exposure to
moisture or temperature.
The coating system and the substrate are selected together with the pre-treatment and coating methods so
that a homogeneous coating is achieved. The coating thickness is documented according to the optical or
coating requirement.
Components and samples which are not flat are selected to avoid bending during the test.
4.2 Influence of substrate
The elasticity of the plastics substrate has an influence on the abrasion and scratch resistance of the coating
under test. Typically, the scratch resistance of the coating decreases as the elasticity of the substrate
increases.
4.3 Surface condition
For most abrasion tests, samples with a flat uniform surface are used. Depending on the surface condition or
type of plastic, only certain tests are reasonable.
For retests, the same surface condition of the samples is considered.
4.4 Conditioning
Conditioning serves to increase the repeatability and reproducibility of test results.
The values and times to be selected depend on the material to be tested.
Since the characteristics of plastics substrates strongly depend on humidity and conditioning that usually
takes longer than for metals, a longer conditioning time is normally used for plastics substrates.
Unless otherwise specified, the samples are conditioned for 16 h in the standard climate specified in
ISO 3270.
4.5 Ageing
For some tests and materials, it can be reasonable to use special atmospheres for upstream ageing or drying.
This is shall be documented in the test report.

5 Overview of test methods
5.1 Linear abrasion method — linear abrasion tester
5.1.1 General
By means of a linear abrasion tester as specified in ISO 21546 (see Figure 1), a specified load is applied with
a parallel movement. Testers which can perform a linear back and forth movement (double stroke) with a
suitable friction partner are suitable for the determination of the abrasion resistance. Often the name of
the historically used tester “crockmeter” is used colloquially as the name (“crockmeter test”) for the tests.
There are a variety of testers which are used and reproduce the required conditions.
Key
1 crank mechanism (crank handle)
2 abrasion tool
3 test specimen
a
Direction of stroke motion.
Figure 1 — Crockmeter (example with manual crank mechanism)
5.1.2 Test environment
Carry out the test at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. Measure the relative humidity during the test and record
in the test report. In case of high relative humidity, be careful that no condensation water forms on the test
specimen due to falling below the dew point.
Carry out the test as quick as possible, however, not later than 30 min after the conditioning phase.
5.1.3 General technical characteristics
The following adjustable parameters shall be agreed between the interested parties:
— stress (adjustable depending on the device, historically 9 N, additional 1 N to 40 N possible);
— friction path (historically 104 mm, many devices freely adjustable);
— total number of double strokes;
— number of double strokes per time unit;
— friction partner, e.g. cotton fabric, felt, metal, abrasive paper;
— rubbing finger, e.g. rubbing finger A: 16 mm plastic, rubbing finger C: holder for abrasive paper;
— media (dry, wet, cleaning agent, etc.).
Interim assessments are recommended according to internal guidelines.

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ISO/DISFDIS 22785-4:2025(en)
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ISO /TC 35/SC 9
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Secretariat: BSI
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Date: 2026-01-1604-08
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PintsPaints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and composites —
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Part 4: Style Definition
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Abrasion and scratch testing Style Definition
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St l D fi iti
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can
be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Published in Switzerland
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: Space After: 0 pt, Line spacing: single
ii © ISO 2025 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22785-4:2025(en)
Contents Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Sample composition and preparation . 2
4.1 Samples . 2
4.2 Influence of substrate . 2
4.3 Surface condition . 2
4.4 Conditioning . 2
4.5 Ageing . 2
5 Overview of test methods . 3
5.1 Linear abrasion method — linear abrasion tester . 3
5.2 Hand abrasion tester . 4
5.3 Scratch tests . 7
5.4 Rotating abrasion method . 11
6 Methods for the evaluation after testing . 16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Visual methods . 16
6.3 Colour measurement . 16
6.4 Gloss measurement . 16
6.5 Haze measurement . 16
6.6 Gravimetric methods. 16
Bibliography . 17

Foreword . iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Functions of coatings on plastics substrates . 2
5 Sample composition and preparation . 2
5.1 Samples . 2
5.2 Influence of substrate . 3
5.3 Surface condition . 3
5.4 Conditioning . 3
5.5 Ageing . 3
6 Methods for testing . 3
6.1 Linear abrasion method — linear abrasion tester . 3
6.1.1 General . 3
6.1.2 General technical characteristics . 4
6.2 Hand abrasion tester . 4
6.2.1 General . 4
6.2.2 General technical characteristics . 5
6.2.3 Particularities . 6
iii
6.2.4 Possible sources of error . 6
6.3 Scratch tests . 6
6.3.1 Manual scratch tests . 6
6.3.2 Automatic scratch tests . 8
6.4 Rotating abrasion method . 9
6.4.1 Taber test . 9
6.4.2 Wash scratch resistance .10
6.4.3 Martindale test .11
7 Methods for the evaluation after testing .12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Visual methods .12
7.3 Colour measurement .12
7.4 Gloss measurement .12
7.5 Haze measurement .12
7.6 Gravimetric methods .12
Bibliography .13

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iv © ISO 2025 – All rights reserved

ISO/DIS 22785-4:2025(en)
Foreword Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of
(a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice
of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for
identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World
Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
SC 9, General test methods for paints and varnishes. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
A list of all parts in the ISO 22785 series can be found on the ISO website.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
complete listing of these bodies can be found at
www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)

v
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: HeaderCentered
Introduction
The ISO 22785 series explains the characteristics of plastics and the differences between plastics substrates
and metallic substrates.
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Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber, Space After: 0
pt, Line spacing: single
vi © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 22785-4:2025(en)

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spacing: single
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and composites —
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Part 4:
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
Abrasion and scratch testing
numbers
Formatted: Right: 1.5 cm, Bottom: 1 cm, Gutter: 0 cm,
1 Scope
Header distance from edge: 1.27 cm, Footer distance
from edge: 0.5 cm
This document specifies the abrasion and scratch tests of coatings on plastics, plastics composites, and similar
substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Characteristics and differences to metallic substrates This document shows the potential effect of plastics are
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explained, as well as their effect on the behaviour of the coating during the abrasion and scratch teststesting.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
2 Normative references
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
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the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
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ISO 22785--1, Coatings on plastics and composites — Part 1: General introduction
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Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
3 Terms and definitions
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618, ISO 22785-1 and the following
apply. Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, English (United Kingdom)
3.1 3.1
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abrasion resistance
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
resistance of solid surfaces to mechanical stress, in particular friction
Formatted: TermNum2, Adjust space between Latin
Note 1 to entry: The abrasion resistance is determined by the surface characteristics of the substances involved, such
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
as roughness and hardness.
numbers
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3.2 3.2
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abrasion test
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
test method which serves for the determination of the abrasion resistance (3.1)(3.1)
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Formatted
Note 1 to entry: Abrasion can be tested together with various stresses, e.g. media. The stress is normally applied in .
parallel and can be applied in different ways. The evaluation is specified respectively, since there are different evaluation
Formatted: Font: Not Italic
methods (optical change of colour, gloss, transmission/haze, loss of mass).
Formatted
...
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...
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Formatted: HeaderCentered
3.3 3.3
Formatted: TermNum2, Adjust space between Latin
surface condition and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
totality of surface characteristics such as grain, gloss, and roughness numbers
Note 1 to entry: The surface condition has a great influence on the abrasion behaviour.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
4 Sample composition and preparation stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
4.1 Samples
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Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Coatings on specimen plates as specified in ISO 1514 as well as coatings on components are tested. Defects
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
and damage of all kinds in the substrate do affect the appearance and characteristics. The surface shall be free
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
of any substances that couldcan impair the adhesion of the coating. Likewise, nothe surface shall be free from
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
substances may sweatsweating out or migratemigrating to the surface over a longer period, potentially due to
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
exposure to moisture or temperature.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
The coating system and the substrate are selected together with the pre-treatment and coating methods so
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
that a homogeneous coating is achieved. The coating thickness is documented according to the optical or
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
coating requirement.
Components and samples which are not flat are selected to avoid bending during the test.
4.2 Influence of substrate
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
The elasticity of the plastics substrate has an influence on the abrasion and scratch resistance of the coating
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
under test. Typically, the scratch resistance of the coating decreases as the elasticity of the substrate increases.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
4.3 Surface condition
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
For most abrasion tests, samples with a flat uniform surface are used. Depending on the surface condition or
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
type of plastic, only certain tests are reasonable.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
For retests, the same surface condition of the samples is considered. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
4.4 Conditioning
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
Conditioning serves to increase the repeatability and reproducibility of test results.
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
The values and times to be selected depend on the material to be tested.
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Since the characteristics of plastics substrates strongly depend on humidity and conditioning that usually
takes longer than for metals, a longer conditioning time is normally used for plastics substrates.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Unless otherwise specified, the samples are conditioned for 16 h in the standard climate specified in ISO 3270.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
4.5 Ageing
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: Not at 0.71 cm
For some tests and materials, it can be reasonable to use special atmospheres for upstream ageing or drying.
This is shall be documented in the test report. Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: FooterPageNumber, Space After: 0 pt, Line
spacing: single
2 © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-4:20252026(en) Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold, Font color: Auto
Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold, Font color: Auto
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5 Overview of test methods
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5.1 Linear abrasion method — linear abrasion tester
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Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
5.1.1 General
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
By means of a linear abrasion tester as specified in ISO 21546 (see Figure 1),Figure 1), a specified load is
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
applied with a parallel movement. Testers which can perform a linear back and forth movement (double
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stroke) with a suitable friction partner are suitable for the determination of the abrasion resistance. Often the
stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
name of the historically used tester “crockmeter” is used colloquially as the name (“crockmeter test”) for the
tests. There isare a variety of testers which are used and reproduce the required conditions.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers

Formatted: Key Title, Adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm +
Key
4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
1 crank mechanism (crank handle)
Formatted: None, Adjust space between Latin and
2 abrasion tool
Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
3 test specimen
numbers
a
Direction of stroke motion.
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Figure 1 — Crockmeter (example with manual crank mechanism)
stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
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5.1.2 Test environment
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Carry out the test at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C. Measure the relative humidity during the test and record in
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
the test report. In case of high relative humidity, be careful that no condensation water forms on the test
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
specimen due to falling below the dew point.
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Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
Carry out the test as quick as possible, however, not later than 30 min after the conditioning phase.
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5.1.3 General technical characteristics
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The following adjustable parameters shall be agreed between the interested parties:
stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
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— — stress (adjustable depending on the device, historically 9 N, additional 1 N to 40 N possible);
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— — friction path (historically 104 mm, many devices freely adjustable);
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
— — total number of double strokes;
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
— — number of double strokes per time unit;
— — friction partner, e.g. cotton fabric, felt, metal, abrasive paper;
— — rubbing finger, e.g. rubbing finger A: 16 mm plastic, rubbing finger C: holder for abrasive paper;
— — media (dry, wet, cleaning agent, etc.).
Interim assessments are recommended according to internal guidelines.
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5.2 Hand abrasion tester
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5.2.1 General
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These testers simulate hand abrasion by a combination of mechanical and chemical load on the surface. During Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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this process, a silicone stamp is used to replicate the pliability of the human fingers while the fabric simulates
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the roughness and greasiness of the skin. Depending on the requirements, additional media are used, such as
hand sweat and hand cream.
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A stamp hits the surface to be tested at a 45° angle (see Figure 2)Figure 2) and runs over it. The supplementary
media, if appropriate, can be applied either via a hose system or by hand. The suspended structure ensures
that occurring abrasion drops and does not result in an increased load.
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4 © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
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numbers
Key
1 adjustment spring Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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2 test stamp
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm +
3 fabric
4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
4 test fluid
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s test path
F pressing force
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a
Movement of the curtain.
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b
Movement of the test stamp.
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c
Movement curve.
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d
Surface to be tested.
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Figure 2 — Schematic representation of the test device for the resistance
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of markings and letterings to abrasion caused by rubbing of fingers and hands Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
numbers
5.2.2 General technical characteristics
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The test device has an electronic or pressure-controlled drive.
stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
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The following adjustable parameters shall be agreedbetweenagreed between the interested parties:
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— — test path: 1 mm to 40 mm;
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— — fabric: mostly test fabric according to IEC 68-60068-2--70, alternatively e.g. cotton fabric and soiled stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
fabric are used; 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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— — number of activations (“stroke”), will be agreed;
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— — media, e.g. dry, sweat, cleaning agents, creams;
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— — pressing force: 2 N to 20 N are frequently used. IEC 68-60068-2--70 provides for loads up to 100 N,
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this load cannot be set on most devices;
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— — pressing duration: not shorter than 0,2 s;
— — friction speed: 60 mm/s;
— — silicone stamp (A: 10 mm, B: 20 mm or C: 1 mm);
— — automatic media supply;
— — automatic fabric supply.
5.2.3 Particularities
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Since abrasion marks produced by the human hand are rather punctual, the simulated stress by the silicone
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stamp is carried out as a local stress.
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