ISO/FDIS 22785-1

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on
Secretariat: BSI
plastics and composites —
Voting begins on:
2026-04-24
Part 1:
General introduction
Voting terminates on:
2026-06-19
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on
Secretariat: BSI
plastics and composites —
Voting begins on:
Part 1:
General introduction
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Plastics substrates . 3
5 Function of coatings on plastics substrates . 3
6 Characteristics of plastics substrates . 3
6.1 General .3
6.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate .4
6.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate .4
6.4 Transparency of the substrate .4
6.5 Sample thickness .4
6.6 Substrate deformation .4
6.7 Phase transitions .4
6.8 Substrate ageing .4
6.9 Additive migration .5
6.10 Barrier effect of the substrate .5
6.11 Thermal expansion .5
6.12 Volume changes due to water absorption and release .5
6.13 Adhesive strength . .5
6.14 Density .5
6.15 Elasticity .5
6.16 Electrical conductivity and magnetic properties .5
6.17 Other substrate characteristics .6
7 Conditioning after coating . 6
8 Effect of the differences to metallic substrates . 6
Annex A (informative) Overview of typical plastics and their characteristics (extract) . 7
Bibliography .13

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
General test methods for paints and varnishes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22785 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
Many of the existing test methods for coatings resulting from paints and varnishes have been developed for
metallic substrates and were often applied to plastics substrates in the past.
This document explains characteristics of and differences between plastics and metallic substrates and
shows their possible effect on the behaviour of the coating in various test methods.
It is possible that the substrate has an effect on the behaviour of the coating during tests. Therefore, it can be
useful to select test conditions which are based, for example, on standards from the plastics sector and not
on standards from the coating sector, in order to take into account influencing factors such as the thermal
conductivity of the substrate.
This document provides a general introduction to the particularities and terms and definitions of coatings
on plastics and composites. The test methods for which deviating behaviour of the coating can occur on
plastics substrates and which measures can possibly be taken are dealt with in the other parts of the
ISO 22785 series. The structure of the ISO 22785 series is as follows:
— ISO 22785-2 on weathering and irradiation testing
— ISO 22785-3 on constant climate and alternating climate testing
— ISO 22785-4 on abrasion and scratch testing
— ISO 22785-5 on chemical resistance testing
— ISO 22785-6 on stone-chip resistance testing
— ISO 22785-7 on adhesion
— ISO 22785-8 on film thickness

v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 22785-1:2026(en)
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and
composites —
Part 1:
General introduction
1 Scope
This document specifies the applicability of general test methods for coatings resulting from paints and
varnishes (hereinafter referred to as “coatings”) on plastics, plastics composites and similar substrates,
hereinafter collectively referred to under the term “plastics”. It provides a general introduction to the
particularities of coatings on plastics.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
transparency
property of a material or coating by which a negligible portion of the transmitted radiation undergoes
scattering or absorption, thereby enabling objects or the substrate to be distinguished clearly through the
material
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.1200, modified — definition extended to coatings; “light” replaced by “radiation”;
"or absorption" added; "or the substrate" added.]
3.2
opaque
quality whereby materials or coatings are impenetrable
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the thickness, most real materials and paints and varnishes are neither completely
opaque nor completely transparent.

3.3
plastic
material which contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer and which, at some stage in its processing
into finished products, can be shaped by flow
Note 1 to entry: Elastomeric materials, which are also shaped by flow, are not considered to be plastics.
Note 2 to entry: In some countries, particularly the United Kingdom, the term “plastics” is used as the singular form as
well as the plural form.
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.702]
3.4
homopolymer
polymer derived from a single species of monomer
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.465]
3.5
copolymer
polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.212]
3.6
composite
solid product consisting of two or more distinct phases, including a binding material (matrix) and a
particulate or fibrous material
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.182.1, modified — example omitted]
3.7
recyclate
plastics (3.3) material resulting from the recycling of plastics waste
Note 1 to entry: The terms “secondary raw material”, “recycled plastics” and “regenerate” are sometimes used
synonymously with “recyclate”.
Note 2 to entry: As soon as the used plastics material is treated in such a way that it is ready to replace virgin product,
material or substance in a production process, it loses its characteristics as waste.
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.1705]
3.8
ageing
entirety of all irreversible chemical and physical processes occurring in a material in the course of time
Note 1 to entry: For testing purposes, ageing is often artificially induced.
Note 2 to entry: In literature, the term “physical ageing” can also be found, which sometimes refers only to a (thermo-)
reversible change of polymeric materials.
3.9
conditioning
measures which bring the test specimen to a uniform state and thus to a state of equilibrium (temperature
and humidity) within a specified period of time
Note 1 to entry: The conditioning of plastics (3.3) and its coating can have an influence on the result of a test. Therefore,
it is important to indicate how the object to be tested was conditioned before exposure. This can include storage of
the test specimen under standard conditions (see ISO 3270 for coatings and ISO 291 for uncoated plastics) or forced
conditioning. The aim of conditioning is to create the same conditions for all test specimens. Particularly moisture-
sensitive materials, e.g. polyamides (PA), are usually force-dried.

4 Plastics substrates
The plastics substrates used in the test methods of the ISO 22785 series are: homopolymers, copolymers,
composites and recyclates from these materials.
5 Function of coatings on plastics substrates
Coatings on plastics can differ in composition, adhesive strength, pretreatment and other aspects from
coatings on metals. Also, the required functionalities can differ compared to metal substrates. Often, it is
expected that several requirements are met simultaneously, such as for the automotive sector. Depending on
the functionality or functionalities, fulfilling multiple requirements at
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ISO/DISFDIS 22785-1:2025(en)
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ISO/TC 35/SC 9
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Secretariat: BSI
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Date: 2026-01-1304-08
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Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and composites —
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Part 1: Style Definition
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General introduction Style Definition
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St l D fi iti
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
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may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
Header distance from edge: 1.27 cm, Footer distance
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
from edge: 0.5 cm
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Published in Switzerland
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pt, Line spacing: single, Tab stops: Not at 24 cm
ii © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-1:20252026(en)
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Contents
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Foreword . v
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Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Plastics substrates . 3
5 Function of coatings on plastics substrates . 3
6 Characteristics of plastics substrates . 3
6.1 General. 3
6.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate . 4
6.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate . 4
6.4 Transparency of the substrate . 4
6.5 Sample thickness . 4
6.6 Substrate deformation . 4
6.7 Phase transitions . 4
6.8 Substrate ageing . 5
6.9 Additive migration . 5
6.10 Barrier effect of the substrate . 5
6.11 Thermal expansion . 5
6.12 Volume changes due to water absorption and release . 5
6.13 Adhesive strength . 5
6.14 Density . 5
6.15 Elasticity . 5
6.16 Electrical conductivity and magnetic properties . 6
6.17 Other substrate characteristics . 6
7 Conditioning after coating . 6
8 Effect of the differences to metallic substrates . 6
Annex A (informative) Overview of typical plastics and their characteristics (extract) . 1
Bibliography . 7

Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Plastics substrates . 2
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5 Function of coatings on plastics substrates . 2
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6 Characteristics of plastics substrates . 3
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6.1 General. 3
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6.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate . 3
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6.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate . 3
6.4 Transparency of the substrate . 3
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6.5 Sample thickness . 4
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iii
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6.6 Substrate deformation . 4
6.7 Phase transitions . 4
6.8 Substrate ageing . 4
6.9 Additive migration . 4
6.10 Barrier effect of the substrate . 4
6.11 Thermal expansion . 4
6.12 Volume changes due to water absorption and release . 4
6.13 Adhesive strength . 5
6.14 Density . 5
6.15 Elasticity . 5
6.16 Electrical conductivity and magnetic properties . 5
6.17 Other substrate characteristics . 5
7 Conditioning after coating . 5
8 Effect of the differences to metallic substrates . 5
Annex A (informative) Overview of typical plastics and their characteristics (extract) . 7
Bibliography . 10
Tables
Table A.1 — Plastics . 7
Table A.2 — Copolymers . 9
Table A.3 — Composites . 9
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iv © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-1:20252026(en)
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Foreword
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ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
General test methods for paints and varnishes. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
A list of all parts in the ISO 22785 series can be found on the ISO website.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)

Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
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Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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After: 0 pt, Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
v
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Introduction
Many of the existing test methods for coatings resulting from paints and varnishes have been developed for
metallic substrates and were often applied to plastics substrates in the past.
This document explains characteristics of and differences between plastics and metallic substrates and shows
their possible effect on the behaviour of the coating in various test methods.
It is possible that the substrate has an effect on the behaviour of the coating during the testtests. Therefore, it
can be useful to select test conditions which are based, for example, on standards from the plastics sector and
not on standards from the coating sector, in order to take into account influencing factors such as the thermal
conductivity of the substrate.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
This document provides a general introduction to the particularities and terms and definitions of coatings on
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
plastics and composites. The test methods for which deviating behaviour of the coating can occur on plastics
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
substrates and which measures can possibly be taken are dealt with in the other parts of the ISO 22785 series.
The structure of the ISO 22785 series is as follows:
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— — ISO 22785-2 on weathering and irradiation testing
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— — ISO 22785--3 on constant climate and alternating climate teststesting
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— — ISO 22785--4 on abrasion and scratch testing
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
— — ISO 22785--5 on chemical resistance testing
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— — ISO 22785-6 on stone-chip resistance testing Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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— — ISO 22785--7 on adhesion
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— — ISO 22785--8 on film thickness
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pt, Line spacing: single, Tab stops: Not at 24 cm
vi © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
vi
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 22785-1:2025(en)

Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and composites —
Formatted: Main Title 2, Adjust space between Latin
Part 1:
and Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
General introduction
numbers
1 Scope
This document specifies the applicability of general test methods for coatings resulting from paints and
varnishes (hereinafter referred to as "“coatings")”) on plastics, plastics composites and similar
substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to under the term "“plastics".”. It provides a general
introduction to the particularities of coatings on plastics.
2 Normative references
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The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
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stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3 Terms and definitions
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618 and the following apply.
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
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— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
Formatted: Font: Cambria, 11 pt, English (United
Kingdom)
3.1 3.1
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transparency
property of a material or coating by which a negligible portion of the transmitted radiation undergoes
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
scattering or absorption, thereby enabling objects or the substrate to be distinguished clearly through
Formatted: Font: Cambria, English (United Kingdom)
the material
Formatted: TermNum2, Adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.1200, modified — definition extended to coatings and "; “light"” replaced by
numbers
"“radiation".]”; "or absorption" added; "or the substrate" added.]
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3.2 3.2
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opaque
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quality whereby materials or coatings are impenetrable
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Note 1 to entry: Depending on the thickness, most real materials and paints and varnishes are neither completely
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
opaque nor completely transparent.
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
3.3 3.3
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
plastic
material which contains as an essential ingredient a high polymer and which, at some stage in its Formatted: TermNum2, Adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
processing into finished products, can be shaped by flow
numbers
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Note 1 to entry: Elastomeric materials, which are also shaped by flow, are not considered to be plastics.
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers, Tab
Note 2 to entry: In some countries, particularly the United Kingdom, the term “plastics” is used as the singular form
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
as well as the plural form.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.702]
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3.4 3.4
homopolymer Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
polymer derived from a single species of monomer
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[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.465]
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3.5 3.5
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copolymer
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polymer derived from more than one species of monomer
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[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.212]
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3.6 3.6
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composite
solid product consisting of two or more distinct phases, including a binding material (matrix) and a
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particulate or fibrous material
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[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.182.1, modified: examples — example omitted]
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3.7 3.7
recyclate Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
plastics (3.3) material resulting from the recycling of plastics waste
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Note 1 to entry: The terms “secondary raw material”, “recycled plastics” and “regenerate” are sometimes used
synonymously with “recyclate”.
Formatted
...
Note 2 to entry: As soon as the used plastics material is treated in such a way that it is ready to replace virgin
product, material or substance in a production process, it loses its characteristics as waste.
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[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.1705]
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3.8 3.8
ageing
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entirety of all irreversible chemical and physical processes occurring in a material in the course of time
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...
Note 1 to entry: For testing purposes, ageing is often artificially induced. Formatted
...
Formatted
...
Note 2 to entry: In literature, the term “physical ageing” can also be found, which sometimes refers only to a
Formatted: Font: Italic
(thermo-)reversible change of polymeric materials.
Formatted
...
3.9 3.9
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conditioning
measures which bring the test specimen to a uniform state and thus to a state of equilibrium
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(temperature and humidity) within a specified period of time
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Note 1 to entry: The conditioning of plastics (3.3) and its coating can have an influence on the result of a test.
Therefore, it is important to indicate how the object to be tested was conditioned before exposure. This can include
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storage of the test specimen under standard conditions (see ISO 3270 for coatings and ISO 291 for uncoated
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plastics) or forced conditioning. The aim of conditioning is to create the same conditions for all test specimens.
Particularly moisture-sensitive materials, e.g. polyamides (PA), are usually force-dried.
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2 © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/DIS 22785-1:2025(en)
4 Plastics substrates
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The plastics substrates used in the test methods of the ISO 22785 series are: homopolymers, copolymers,
composites and recyclates from these materials.
5 Function of coatings on plastics substrates
Coatings on plastics can differ in composition, adhesive strength, pre-treatmentpretreatment and other
aspects from coatings on metals. Also, the required functionalities can differ compared to metal
substrates. Often, it is expected that several requirements are met simultaneously, such as for the
automotive sector. Depending on the functionality or functionalities, fulfilling multiple requirements at
the same time can affect the ageing behaviour.
Typical functionalities on plastics substrates are:
a) a) decorative: colour, gloss, reflection and other optical effects;
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