ISO/FDIS 22785-2

FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on
Secretariat: BSI
plastics and composites —
Voting begins on:
2026-04-24
Part 2:
Weathering and irradiation testing
Voting terminates on:
2026-06-19
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Reference number
FINAL DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/TC 35/SC 9
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on
Secretariat: BSI
plastics and composites —
Voting begins on:
Part 2:
Weathering and irradiation testing
Voting terminates on:
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED TO SUBMIT,
WITH THEIR COMMENTS, NOTIFICATION OF ANY
RELEVANT PATENT RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE
AND TO PROVIDE SUPPOR TING DOCUMENTATION.
© ISO 2026
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL, TECHNO-
LOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND USER PURPOSES, DRAFT
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
TO BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR POTENTIAL
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
TO BECOME STAN DARDS TO WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE
MADE IN NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms. 2
5 Characteristics of plastics substrates . 2
5.1 General .2
5.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate .2
5.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate .2
5.4 Backing insulation .3
5.5 Transparency of the substrate and coating .3
5.6 Sample thickness .3
5.7 Substrate deformation .3
5.8 Phase transitions .3
5.9 Substrate ageing .3
5.10 Additive migration .3
5.11 Barrier effect of the substrate .3
5.12 Thermal expansion .3
5.13 Water absorption and release .4
5.14 Adhesive strength . .4
5.15 Density .4
5.16 Elasticity .4
6 Effect of the differences of plastic substrates to metallic substrates during weathering . 4
7 Overview of test methods . 5
7.1 Xenon-arc technology .5
7.1.1 General .5
7.1.2 Weathering .5
7.1.3 Behind window glass .5
7.1.4 Hot light fastness.6
7.1.5 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials .6
7.2 Fluorescent UV technology .7
7.2.1 General .7
7.2.2 Method . .7
7.2.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials .8
7.3 Carbon-arc technology .8
7.4 Mercury vapour lamp technology .8
7.4.1 General .8
7.4.2 Methods .8
7.4.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials .9
7.5 Direct and indirect natural weathering .9
7.5.1 General .9
7.5.2 Methods .9
7.5.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials .10
7.6 Accelerated natural weathering .10
7.6.1 General .10
7.6.2 Methods .10
7.6.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials .10
8 Summary .11
Bibliography .12

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
General test methods for paints and varnishes.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22785 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
The ISO 22785 series explains the characteristics of plastics and the differences between plastics substrates
and metallic substrates.
This document gives an overview of the common weathering test methods used to test the durability of
coatings on plastics. Many of the existing test methods have been developed for coatings on metals. This
document specifies the test methods that can lead to a deviating behaviour of the coating on plastics
substrates and the measures that can be taken to correct that behaviour, where appropriate. It is possible
that the substrate has an effect on the behaviour of the coating during the test. At times, it can be useful
to select test conditions which are based on standards from the plastics sector and not on standards from
the coating sector, in order to take into account the thermal conductivity of a plastics substrate, which is
normally lower.
The methods listed in this document refer to simple, flat test specimens for material ageing. For three-
dimensional samples, deviations in the homogeneity of irradiance and surface temperature can occur during
artificial weathering. This is taken into account during the testing of three-dimensional samples.

v
FINAL DRAFT International Standard ISO/FDIS 22785-2:2026(en)
Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and
composites —
Part 2:
Weathering and irradiation testing
1 Scope
This document specifies the weathering and irradiation testing of coatings on plastics, plastics composites
and similar substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics.
This document shows the potential effect of plastics on the behaviour of the coating during weathering and
irradiation testing.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary
ISO 22785-1, Coatings on plastics and composites — Part 1: General introduction
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618, ISO 22785-1 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
weathering
stress due to natural or simulated environmental influences to which a material is exposed, in particular
solar radiation (natural or artificial), heat and humidity
3.1.1
natural weathering
stress to which a material is exposed when outdoors
3.1.2
artificial accelerated weathering
exposure (3.2) of a material in a laboratory weathering (3.1) device to conditions which can be cyclic and
intensified compared with those encountered in outdoor or in-service exposure
Note 1 to entry: This involves a laboratory radiation source, heat and moisture (in the form of relative humidity and/
or water spray, condensation or immersion) in an attempt to produce more rapidly the same changes that occur in
long-term outdoor exposure.
Note 2 to entry: The device can include means for control and/or monitoring of the light source and other weathering
parameters. It can also include exposure to special conditions, such as acid spray to simulate the effect of industrial
gases.
[SOURCE: ISO 16474-1:2013, 3.2, modified — “may” has been changed to “can” in note 2 to entry.]
3.2
exposure
stress of a material due to radiation
Note 1 to entry: Sources of radiation can be: natural or simulated solar radiation or artificial light sources.
Note 2 to entry: Normally, coatings for indoor use are tested by glass-filtered radiation.
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
The symbols and abbreviations used in this document are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms
Meaning Symbol/abbreviated term Unit
Irradiance E W/m
Glass transition temperature T °C
g
Chamber air temperature CAT °C
Infrared IR
Original equipment manufacturer OEM
Relative humidity RH %
Black-standard temperature BST °C
Black-panel temperature BPT °C
White-standard temperature WST °C
White-panel temperature WPT °C
5 Characteristics of plastics substrates
5.1 General
An overview of the most important plastics substrates can be found in Reference [50].
5.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate
The surface temperature depends on the thermal conductivity of the substrate. The thermal conductivity of
plastics is generally significantly lower than that of corresponding metal substrates. Higher temperatures
are therefore possible under solar radiation. Since photodegradation processes can also be temperature-
dependent, faster ageing of the same coatings on plastics substrates is possible compared to metals.
Higher temperature can easily result in an exceedance of the glass transition temperature (T ) or thermal
g
degradation processes.
5.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate
[50]
The specific heat capacity of solid substrates depends on the type of material. Therefore, under solar
radiation, different temperatures are possible for different substrates (see 5.2). Examples of substrate
material include: iron (Fe) 0,45 KJ/(kg K), polycarbonate (PC) 1,17 KJ/(kg K), water (H O) 4,184 KJ/(kg K).
5.4 Backing insulation
The surface temperature of the samples can be reduced by weathering without backing panels, lower
irradiation values, lower chamber air temperature and black-standard temperature/black-panel
temperature (see ISO 16474-1).
Black-standard sensors correspond more closely with the coated plastics regarding structure and are
preferred over black-panel sensors, if appropriate.
5.5 Transparency of the substrate and coating
Plastics substrates can be transparent or opaque/coloured. For transparent coatings, the colour of the
substrate affects the surface temperature. The higher the absorption of radiation, the higher the surface
temperature.
5.6 Sample thickness
The thickness of the substrate affects the insulating effect and therefore the surface temperature and ageing.
5.7 Substrate deformation
(Permanent) deformation of the substrate is an effect which can occur due to either high temperatures or
ageing, or both, and is more likely to occur with plastics than with metallic substrates.
5.8 Phase transitions
Softening points and melting temperatures of plastics are significantly lower than of metals. Another
typical characteristic is the glass transition temperature (T ), at which plastics change from a solid glass-
g
like structure to a flexible elastic structure. For some common plastics – such as polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA), polyurethanes (PUR) and polyamides (PA) – the glass transition temperature can be in the range
of temperatures which can occur during use of the plastic, but also during the weathering test. Water
absorption can change the glass transition temperature of plastics. Above and below T , diffusion and
g
degradation processes differ; the same applies to the ageing behaviour. This can also influence the ageing of
the coating.
5.9 Substrate ageing
In contrast to metals, plastics themselves are sensitive to weathering/radiation. This particularly applies to
transparent coatings. Some substrates are difficult to stabilize directly and possibly also age faster than the
coating. An important additional characteristic of coatings can therefore be UV protection.
5.10 Additive migration
Both plastics and the coatings can contain additives. Migration of the additives between the materials is
possible and can affect results regarding weathering.
5.11 Barrier effect of the substrate
Unlike metals, plastics do not form a barrier to moisture and oxygen diffusion.
5.12 Thermal expansion
The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics is generally lower than that of metals and closer to
the coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the coating. Lower stresses can therefore be expected with
temperature changes.
5.13 Water absorption and release
In contrast to metals, organic materials (plastics substrate or coating) swell or shrink by water absorption
or by water release to various degrees. If the swelling behaviour of the substrate and the coating differ,
mechanical stresses can occur. The water content also affects the glass transition temperature (see 5.8).
5.14 Adhesive strength
The polarity of plastics influences the adhesivity of coatings. Pre-treatment methods (flame treatment,
coupling agent, etc.) are used to increase the polarity and thus for improvement of the adhesivity.
5.15 Density
3 3
The density of non-porous plastics ranges from 0,9 g/cm (polyolefins) to 1,4 g/cm (polyvinyl chloride,
PVC). In exceptional cases, e.g. for halogenated polymers, the density can be up to approximately 1,8 g/cm .
In contrast, the density of metals is normally significantly higher. The density of steel is approximately 7,8 g/
3 3 3
cm . The density of the light metals aluminium (2,7 g/cm ) and magnesium (1,8 g/cm ) and their alloys is
only slightly higher than that of plastics.
5.16 Elasticity
Plastics are normally more elastic than metals. High mechanical load can lead to partly permanent
deformation of metallic materials. Depending on the alloy, fracture often only occurs at very high load. The
fracture strength of plastics strongly depends on the phase. Above T the elasticity is higher, below T plastics
g g
are more brittle. Due to the covalent bonds, in particular for plastics with low elasticity, a mechanical load is
more likely to cause the material to break than to deform it permanently.
The overall elasticity is also influenced by the coating with the same substrate.
6 Effect of the differences of plastic substrates to metallic substrates during
weathering
The degree of the form of the characteristics described in Clause 5 can differ for different plastics. Not
only the composition of the plastics (polymer, admixtures/additives/composites, thermal conductivity,
glass transition temperature, etc.) is relevant, but also their more wide-ranging field of application (e.g.
transparent, pigmented, coloured materials).
In general, higher temperatures are expected on plastics substrates rather than on corresponding metal
substrates due to the absorption of radiation by the plastic itself (see 5.5), but also due to the limited thermal
conductivity. High temperatures typically accelerate photochemical degradation processes but can also
cause thermal ageing. In addition, the temperature has an effect on the moisture balance. Due to the higher
temperatures, the surfaces dry more quickly. Processes such as condensation, which require low surface
temperatures, are mitigated.
In addition, ageing of the plastics substrate itself can also occur.
The extent of the effects also depends on the weathering method and is discussed in Clause 6 according to
the methods.
The surface temperature of the samples can be reduced by weathering without backing panels, lower
irradiation values, lower chamber air temperature and black-standard temperature/black-panel
temperature (see ISO 16474-1). During weathering tests, black-standard sensors correspond more closely
with the characteristics of coated plastics regarding structure and thermal conductivity and are preferred
over black-panel sensors, whenever applicable.
NOTE Depending on the weathering method, measures to reduce the sample temperature when testing coated
plastics can include lower test temperatures (test chamber temperature, black-standard or black-panel temperature
for tests with irradiation), lower irradiance, and/or avoiding sample isolation (e.g. testing without backing panels
during weathering) or i
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ISO/TC 35/SC 9
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Secretariat: BSI
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Date: 2026-01-1304-08
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Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and composites —
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St l D fi iti
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All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication
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may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
Header distance from edge: 1.27 cm, Footer distance
or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO
from edge: 0.5 cm
at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: + 41 22 749 01 11
EmailE-mail: copyright@iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Website: www.iso.orgwww.iso.org
Formatted: German (Germany)
Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-2:20252026(en)
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Contents
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Foreword . vi
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
Introduction . vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
5 Characteristics of plastics substrates . 2
5.1 General. 2
5.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate . 2
5.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate . 3
5.4 Backing insulation . 3
5.5 Transparency of the substrate and coating . 3
5.6 Sample thickness . 3
5.7 Substrate deformation . 3
5.8 Phase transitions . 3
5.9 Substrate ageing . 3
5.10 Additive migration . 3
5.11 Barrier effect of the substrate . 3
5.12 Thermal expansion . 4
5.13 Water absorption and release . 4
5.14 Adhesive strength . 4
5.15 Density . 4
5.16 Elasticity . 4
6 Effect of the differences of plastic substrates to metallic substrates during weathering . 4
7 Overview of test methods . 5
7.1 Xenon-arc technology . 5
7.2 Fluorescent UV technology . 7
7.3 Carbon-arc technology . 9
7.4 Mercury vapour lamp technology . 9
7.5 Direct and indirect natural weathering . 9
7.6 Accelerated natural weathering . 11
8 Summary . 12
Bibliography . 13

Foreword . v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
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3 Terms and definitions . 1 Formatted: Font: 10 pt
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
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5 Characteristics of plastics substrates . 2
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5.1 General. 2
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5.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate . 2
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iii
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5.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate . 2
5.4 Back-side insulation . 2
5.5 Transparency of the substrate and coating . 3
5.6 Sample thickness . 3
5.7 Substrate deformation . 3
5.8 Phase transitions . 3
5.9 Substrate ageing . 3
5.10 Additive migration . 3
5.11 Barrier effect of the substrate . 3
5.12 Thermal expansion . 3
5.13 Water absorption and release . 3
5.14 Adhesive strength . 3
5.15 Density . 4
5.16 Elasticity . 4
6 Effect of the differences of plastic substrates to metallic substrates during weathering . 4
7 Overview on test methods . 4
7.1 Xenon-arc technology . 4
7.1.1 General. 4
7.1.2 Weathering . 5
7.1.3 Behind window glass . 5
7.1.4 Hot light fastness . 5
7.1.5 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials . 6
7.2 Fluorescent UV technology . 6
7.2.1 General. 6
7.2.2 Methods . 7
7.2.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials . 7
7.3 Carbon-arc technology . 7
7.4 Mercury vapour lamp technology . 7
7.4.1 General. 7
7.4.2 Methods . 8
7.4.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials . 8
7.5 Direct and indirect natural weathering . 8
7.5.1 General. 8
7.5.2 Methods . 9
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7.5.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials . 9
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7.6 Accelerated natural weathering . 9
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7.6.1 General. 9
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iv © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-2:20252026(en)
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7.6.2 Methods . 9
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7.6.3 Measures for coated plastics and composite materials . 9
8 Summary . 10
Table
Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms . 2
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v
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Foreword Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types of
ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights
in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a) patent(s)
which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not
represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents.www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.htmlwww.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 35, Paints and varnishes, Subcommittee SC 9,
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
General test methods for paints and varnishes. Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
A list of all parts in the ISO 22785 series can be found on the ISO website.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.htmlwww.iso.org/members.html.
Formatted: English (United Kingdom)

Formatted: English (United Kingdom)
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Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
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pt, Line spacing: single
vi © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
vi
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-2:20252026(en)
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: Font: Bold
Formatted: Font: Bold
Introduction
Formatted: HeaderCentered, Left
The ISO 22785 series explains the characteristics of plastics and the differences between plastics substrates
and metallic substrates.
This document gives an overview of the common weathering test methods used to test the durability of
Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
coatings on plastics. Many of the existing test methods have been developed for coatings on metals. This
Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
document explains which specifies the test methods that can lead to a deviating behaviour of the coating on
plastics substrates and whichthe measures that can be taken to correct that behaviour, where appropriate. It
is possible that the substrate has an effect on the behaviour of the coating during the test. It can happen that
the substrate has an effect on the behaviour of the coating during the test. At timesAt times, it can be useful to
select test conditions which are based on standards from the plastics sector and not on standards from the
coating sector, in order to take into account the thermal conductivity of a plastics substrate, which is normally
lower.
The methods listed in this document refer to simple, flat test specimens for material ageing. For three-
dimensional samples, deviations in the homogeneity of irradiance and surface temperature can occur during
artificial weathering. This is taken into account during the testing of three-dimensional samples.
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: Font: 10 pt
Formatted: FooterCentered, Left, Space Before: 0 pt,
Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
Formatted: Font: 11 pt
Formatted: FooterPageRomanNumber, Left, Space
After: 0 pt, Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
vii
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 22785-2:2025(en)

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Paints and varnishes — Coatings on plastics and composites — Part 2:
Weathering
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Part 2:
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Weathering and irradiation testing
from edge: 0.5 cm
1 Scope
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This document specifies the weathering and radiationirradiation testing of coatings on plastics, plastics
composites and similar substrates, hereinafter collectively referred to as plastics.
Characteristics and differences to metallic substrates This document shows the potential effect of plastics are
explained, as well as their effect on the behaviour of the coating during the weathering testand irradiation
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
testing.
Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
2 Normative references
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Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
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requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
ISO 4618, Paints and varnishes — Vocabulary Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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ISO 22785--1, Coatings on plastics and composites — Part 1: General introduction
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3 Terms and definitions Formatted: Default Paragraph Font
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For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 4618, ISO 22785-1 and the following
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apply.
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ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
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— — ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obphttps://www.iso.org/obp
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— — IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/https://www.electropedia.org/
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3.1 3.1
weathering
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stress due to natural or simulated environmental influences to which a material is exposed, in particular solar
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radiation (natural or artificial), heat and humidity
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3.1.1 3.1.1
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natural weathering
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stress to which a material is exposed when outdoors
numbers
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3.1.2 3.1.2
artificial accelerated weathering Formatted: Font: Italic
exposure (3.2) of a material in a laboratory weathering (3.1) device to conditions which can be cyclic and
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intensified compared with those encountered in outdoor or in-service exposure
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Note 1 to entry: This involves a laboratory radiation source, heat and moisture (in the form of relative humidity and/or
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water spray, condensation or immersion) in an attempt to produce more rapidly the same changes that occur in long-
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term outdoor exposure.
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3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
Note 2 to entry: The device can include means for control and/or monitoring of the light source and other weathering
parameters. It can also include exposure to special conditions, such as acid spray to simulate the effect of industrial gases.
[SOURCE: ISO 16474--1:2013, 3.2, modified — "“may"” has been changed to "“can"” in note 2 to entry.]
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3.2 3.2
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exposure
stress of a material due to radiation
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Note 1 to entry: Sources of radiation can be: natural or simulated solar radiation or artificial light sources.
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Note 2 to entry: Normally, coatings for indoor use are tested by glass-filtered radiation.
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4 Symbols and abbreviated terms
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The symbols and abbreviations used in this document are summarised in Table 1.summarized in Table 1.
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Table 1 — Symbols and abbreviated terms
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Meaning Symbol/abbreviated term Unit
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Irradiance E W/m
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Glass transition temperature Tg °C
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Chamber air temperature CAT °C
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Infrared IR
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Original equipment manufacturer OEM Formatted
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Relative humidity RH % Formatted: Font: Not Italic
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Black-standard temperature BST °C .
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Black-panel temperature BPT °C .
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White-standard temperature WST °C
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White-panel temperature WPT °C
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5 Characteristics of plastics substrates Formatted
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5.1 General
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An overview of the most important plastics substrates can be found in Reference [50].[50].
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5.2 Thermal conductivity of the substrate
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The surface temperature depends on the thermal conductivity of the substrate. The thermal conductivity of
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plastics is generally significantly lower than that of corresponding metal substrates. Higher temperatures are
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therefore possible under solar radiation. Since photodegradation processes can also be temperature- .
dependent, faster ageing of the same coatings on plastics substrates is possible compared to metals. Higher
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temperature can easily result in an exceedance of the glass transition temperature (T ) or thermal degradation
g
processes. Formatted: Font: 10 pt
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2 © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-2:20252026(en) Formatted: Font: 11 pt, Bold
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5.3 Specific heat capacity of the substrate
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[50] [50]
The specific heat capacity of solid substrates depends on the type of material. . Therefore, under solar
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radiation, different temperatures are possible for different substrates (see 5.2).5.2). Examples of substrate
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material include: iron (Fe) 0,45 KJ/(kg K), polycarbonate (PC) 1,17 KJ/(kg K), water (H O) 4,184 KJ/(kg K).
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
5.4 Backing insulation
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The surface temperature of the samples can be reduced by weathering without backing panels, lower
irradiation values, lower chamber air temperature and black-standard temperature/black-panel temperature
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(see ISO 16474-1).
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
Black-standard sensors correspond more closely with the coated plastics regarding structure and are
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preferred over black-panel sensors, if appropriate.
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5.5 Transparency of the substrate and coating
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Plastics substrates can be transparent or opaque/coloured. For transparent coatings, the colour of the
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substrate affects the surface temperature. The higher the absorption of radiation, the higher the surface
temperature. Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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5.6 Sample thickness stops: Not at 0.71 cm
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The thickness of the substrate affects the insulating effect and therefore the surface temperature and ageing.
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5.7 Substrate deformation
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm
(Permanent) deformation of the substrate is an effect which can occur due to either high temperatures and/or
ageing, or both, and is more likely to occur with plastics than with metallic substrates. Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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5.8 Phase transitions
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Softening points and melting temperatures of plastics are significantly lower than of metals. Another typical
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characteristic is the glass transition temperature (Tg), at which plastics changeschange from a solid glass-like
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structure to a flexible elastic structure. For some common plastics —– such as polymethyl methacrylate
(PMMA), polyurethanes (PUR),) and polyamides (PA) —– the glass transition temperature can be in the range Formatted
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of temperatures which can occur during use of the plastic, but also during the weathering test. Water
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absorption can change the glass transition temperature of plastics. Above and below T , diffusion and
g
degradation processes differ; the same applies to the ageing behaviour. This can also influence the ageing of
the coating.
5.9 Substrate ageing
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In contrast to metals, plastics themselves are sensitive to weathering/radiation. This particularly applies to
transparent coatings. Some substrates are difficult to stabilize directly and possibly also age faster than the
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coating. An important additional characteristic of coatings can therefore also be a UV protection.
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Both plastics and the coatings can contain additives. Migration of the additives between the materials is
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possible and can affect results regarding weathering.
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5.11 Barrier effect of the substrate
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Unlike metals, plastics do not form a barrier to moisture and oxygen diffusion.
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5.12 Thermal expansion
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The coefficient of linear thermal expansion of plastics is generally lower than that of metals and closer to the
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coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the coating. Lower stresses can therefore be expected with
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temperature changes.
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5.13 Water absorption and release
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In contrast to metals, organic materials (plastics substrate or coating) swell or shrink by water absorption or
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by water release to various degrees. If the swelling behaviour of the substrate and the coating differ,
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mechanical stresses can occur. The water content also affects the glass transition temperature (see 5.8).5.8).
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5.14 Adhesive strength
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The polarity of plastics influences the adhesivity of coatings. Pre-treatment methods (flame treatment,
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coupling agent, etc.) are used to increase the polarity and thus for improvement of the adhesivity.
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5.15 Density
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The density of non-porous plastics ranges from 0,9 g/cm (polyolefins) to 1,4 g/cm (polyvinyl chloride, PVC).
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In exceptional cases, e.g. for halogenated polymers, the density can be up to approximately 1,8 g/cm . In
contrast, the density of metals is normally significantly higher. The density of steel is approximately 7,8 g/cm . Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
3 3
The density of the light metals aluminium (2,7 g/cm ) and magnesium (1,8 g/cm ) and their alloys is only Adjust space between Asian text and numbers
slightly higher than that of plastics.
5.16 Elasticity
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Plastics are normally more elastic than metals. High mechanical load can lead to partly permanent
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deformation of metallic materials. Depending on the alloy, fracture often only occurs at very high load. The
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fracture strength of plastics strongly depends on the phase. Above T the elasticity is higher, below T plastics
g g
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are more brittle. Due to the covalent bonds, in particular for plastics with low elasticity, a mechanical load is
more likely to cause the material to break than to deform it permanently.
The overall elasticity is also influenced by the coating with the same substrate.
6 Effect of the differences of plastic substrates to metallic substrates during
weathering
The degree of the form of the characteristics described in Clause 5Clause 5 can differ for different plastics. Not
only the composition of the plastics (polymer, admixtures/additives/composites, thermal conductivity, glass
transition temperature, etc.) is relevant, but also their more wide-ranging field of application (e.g. transparent,
pigmented, coloured materials).
In general, higher temperatures are expected on plastics substrates rather than on corresponding metal
substrates due to the absorption of radiation by the plastic itself (see 5.5),5.5), but also due to the limited
thermal conductivity. High temperatures typically accelerate photochemical degradation processes but can
also cause thermal ageing. In addition, the temperature has an effect on the moisture balance. Due to the higher
temperatures, the surfaces dry more quickly. Processes such as condensation, which require low surface
temperatures, are mitigated.
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In addition, ageing of the plastics substrate itself can also happenoccur.
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The extent of the effects also depends on the weathering method and is discussed in Clause 6Clause 6
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according to the methods.
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4 © ISO 2025 2026 – All rights reserved
ISO/DISFDIS 22785-2:20252026(en) Formatted
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The surface temperature of the samples can be reduced by weathering without backing panels, lower
irradiation values, lower chamber air temperature and black-standard temperature/black-panel temperature
(see ISO 16474-1). During weathering tests, black-standard sensors correspond more closely with the
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characteristics of coated plastics regarding structure and thermal conductivity and are preferred over black-
panel sensors, whenever applicable.
NOTE Depending on the weathering method, measures to reduce the sample temperature when testing coated
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plastics can include lower test temperatures (test chamber temperature, black-standard or black-panel temperature for
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tests with irradiation), lower irradiance, and/or avoiding sample isolation (e.g. testing without backing panels during
stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm + 2.8 cm +
weathering) or increased cooling of the samples, compared to coatings on metals.
3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3 cm + 7 cm
7 Overview onof test methods Formatted: Adjust space between Latin and Asian text,
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7.1 Xenon-arc technology
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7.1.1 General
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Xenon arc devices are described in ISO 16474-1 and ISO 16474-2 or ASTM G155.
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
Weathering with xenon-arc radiation simulates the entire solar spectrum. For this purpose, xenon arc
radiation is adapted to the solar radiation outdoors or indoors (behind window glass) by means of appropriate
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filter (systems). The absorption of visible and IR radiation increases the surface temperature of coatings on
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the test specimens. Sample cooling is achieved by an air flow of the test chamber air at the front and back-side
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of the test specimens (back-side cooling by test chamber air in the case of rotating rack devices).
On plastics substrates, higher temperatures generally occur than with comparable coatings on metal
substrates due to the absorption of the substrate itself, but also due to its limited thermal conductivity and the
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associated less effective backing cooling.
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7.1.2 Weathering stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
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The following conditions apply for weathering test methods.
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Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
a) This method has been developed to simulate ageing of materials outdoors with natural,
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unfiltered solar radiation, normally including moisture in the form of rain/dew.
+ 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3
cm + 7 cm
b) The following conditions apply for weathering test methods.
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a) Daylight filters, e.g. according to ISO 16474-2:2013, Table 1, Method A, or ASTM G155, ASTM D7869 are
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used. ISO 16474-2:2013/Amd 1:2022 and ASTM G155-25 differ between Type I and Type II daylight
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filters. Sometimes filters with extended UV range (so-called “extended UV” filters according to
b, c, … + Start at: 1 + Alignment: Left + Aligned at: 0
ASTM G155-25, Table 3 or SAE J2527:2017-09, Table C1) are used.
cm + Indent at: 0 cm, Adjust space between Latin and
Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
b) c) Common test standards: ISO 16474--2, ASTM G155, SAE J2527, ASTM D7869, ISO 4892--2, as
numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm
well as several company specifications.
+ 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3
cm + 7 cm
c) d) Typical test conditions:
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2 2 2
1) 1) irradiance, EUV: 42 W/m to 90 W/m (sometimes up to 180 W/m ) (from 300 nm to 400 nm); Formatted: Font: 10 pt
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2) 2) chamber air temperature, (CAT:): 32 °C to 47 °C;
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Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
3) 3) black-standard temperature, (BST:): 50 °C to 80 °C;
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4) 4) relative humidity, (RH:): 20 % to 80 %;
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Tab stops: Not at 17.2 cm
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5) 5) cycles: dry/wet (e.g. 102 min exposure/dry, 18 min exposure/rain), light/dark.
NOTE 1 SAE J2527 (with spraying the specimen back-side for condensation):) works only to a limited extent since the
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cooling effect of the back-side spraying is limited by the low thermal conductivity of the plastics substrate.
NOTE 2 In ASTM D7869: The, the cycles are optimisedoptimized for polyurethane coatings on metal. Due to the
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temperature and dry/humid change, the stresses between substrate and coating change and result in mechanical stress.
The cycles are not necessarily relevant for coated plastics, since in this case lower stresses occur during thermal and
humidity cycling.
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7.1.3 Behind window glass
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stops: Not at 0.71 cm + 0.99 cm + 1.27 cm
The following conditions apply for weathering behind window glass.
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Asian text, Adjust space between Asian text and
a) This method has been developed to simulate ageing of materials indoors with natural solar
numbers, Tab stops: Not at 0.7 cm + 1.4 cm + 2.1 cm
radiation filtered through window glass.
+ 2.8 cm + 3.5 cm + 4.2 cm + 4.9 cm + 5.6 cm + 6.3
cm + 7 cm
b) The following conditions apply for testing weathering behind window glass.
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a) Window glass filters, e.g. according to ISO 16474
...