ISO 18662-1:2017

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 18662-1
First edition
2017-07
Traditional Chinese medicine —
Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Chinese Materia Medica
Médecine traditionnelle chinoise — Vocabulaire —
Partie 1: Matières médicales chinoises
Reference number
©
ISO 2017
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
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ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Chinese Materia Medica . 2
Indices .85
Bibliography .142
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 249, Traditional Chinese medicine.
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

Introduction
Chinese Material Medica (CMM) has been around for thousands of years and is widely used as natural
materials for processing decoction pieces, healthcare products and natural remedies. The first recorded
monograph of CMM, Shennong’s Classic of Materia Medica (Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing) in the second century,
listed 365 CMM species, including herbs, animals and minerals. In 1596, the Compendium of Materia
Medica (Ben Cao Gang Mu) was published with 1 892 CMM species. CMM spread from China to its
neighbouring countries thousands of years ago and has just found its way to other countries worldwide
in recent decades. Today, CMM has gained popularity and widespread use, with global CMM trade
steadily growing.
However, there are no International Standards for CMM terminology up to now, leading to a situation
where almost every CMM term being translated in several different ways. This has hindered
international education, academic exchanges and trade. The need for an International Standard for
basic vocabulary of CMM has become imperative.
This CMM document is provided to facilitate international academic exchange, research and
development, management and trade.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 18662-1:2017(E)
Traditional Chinese medicine — Vocabulary —
Part 1:
Chinese Materia Medica
1 Scope
This document specifies the basic vocabulary for the Chinese Materia Medica (CMM), including most
commonly used CMM species. Each term is provided a Latin name, Chinese name, Pinyin name and
English name. Source-related definition of applicable parts and botanical name(s) of the plant, zoological
family name of the animal, or mineral stated with mineral or rock title and active ingredients are given
as note(s) for each item.
This document is intended to be used by those engaged in the practice and management of production,
trade, research and education of crude natural Chinese medicinal materials.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http:// www .iso .org/ obp
3.1
Chinese Materia Medica
CMM
medicinal parts of medicinal plants, animals and minerals after preliminary processing, which are used
as raw materials to make decoction pieces in Chinese medicines
Note 1 to entry: The different nomenclatures of the Chinese Materia Medica in use are described as follows:
— Latin name: Latin pharmaceutical name of the Chinese Materia Medica. In the Latin name, the genus name or
genus name plus species name is followed by the applicable medicinal parts. Items are listed in alphabetical
order of the Latin name for easy and convenient search.
— Chinese name: Han (Chinese) character name of the Chinese Materia Medica. Han characters include both the
simplified character and the traditional character, which is given in parentheses.
— Pinyin name: Pinyin name (Chinese phonetic) of the Chinese Materia Medica. The “four tones” have been
added in Pinyin to facilitate practice by users. Pinyin syllabication (in parentheses) is provided to facilitate
correct pronunciation.
— Scientific name: Latin scientific name of the source of the Chinese Materia Medica.
— English name: Commonly used English name of the Chinese Materia Medica.
4 Chinese Materia Medica
4.1
Latin name: Abri herba
Chinese name: 鸡骨草 (雞骨草)
Pinyin name: Ji gu cao (jī ɡǔ cǎo)
English name: prayer-beads; Canton love-pea vine
dried herb of Abrus cantoniensis Hance (Fam. Leguminosae)
4.2
Latin name: Acanthopanacis cortex
Chinese name: 五加皮 (五加皮)
Pinyin name: Wu jia pi (wǔ jiā pí)
English name: acanthopanax root bark; slenderstyle acanthopanax bark
dried root bark of Acanthopanax gracilistylus W.W.Smith (Fam. Araliaceae)
4.3
Latin name: Acanthopanacis senticosi radix et rhizoma seu caulis
Chinese name: 刺五加 (刺五加)
Pinyin name: Ci wu jia (cì wǔ jiā)
English name: spiny acanthopanax; manyprickle acanthopanax
dried root and rhizome or stem of Acanthopanax senticosus (Rupr. et Maxim.) Harms (Fam. Araliaceae)
4.4
Latin name: Achyranthis bidentatae radix
Chinese name: 牛膝 (牛膝)
Pinyin name: Niu xi (niú xī)
English name: achyranthes root; twotoothed achyranthes root
dried root of Achyrantes bidentata Bl. (Fam. Amaranthaceae)
4.5
Latin name: Achyranthis radix terrena
Chinese name: 土牛膝 (土牛膝)
Pinyin name: Tu niu xi (tǔ niú xī)
English name: local achyranthis root
dried root and rhizome of Achyranthes aspera L. (Fam. Amaranthaceae)
4.6
Latin name: Aconiti kusnezoffii folium
Chinese name: 草乌叶 (草烏葉)
Pinyin name: Cao wu ye (cǎo wū yè)
English name: kusnezoff monkshood leaf
dried leaf of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.(Fam. Ranunculaceae)
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.7
Latin name: Aconiti kusnezoffii radix
Chinese name: 草乌 (草烏)
Pinyin name: Cao wu (cǎo wū)
English name: wild aconite root; kusnezoff monkshood root
dried root tuber of Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.8
Latin name: Aconiti radix
Chinese name: 川乌 (川烏)
Pinyin name: Chuan wu (chuān wū)
English name: Sichuan aconite root; common monkshood mother root
dried parent root tuber of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.9
Latin name: Aconiti radix lateralis praeparata
Chinese name: 附子 (附子)
Pinyin name: Fu zi (fù zǐ)
English name: prepared aconite accessory root; prepared common monkshood daughter root
processed daughter root of Aconitum carmichaeli Debx. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.10
Latin name: Acori tatarinowii rhizoma
Chinese name: 石菖蒲 (石菖蒲)
Pinyin name: Shi chang pu (shí chāng pú)
English name: grassleaf sweetflag rhizome
dried rhizome of Acorus tatarinowii Schott. (Fam. Araceae)
4.11
Latin name: Adenophorae radix
Chinese name: 南沙参 (南沙參)
Pinyin name: Nan sha shen (nán shā shēn)
English name: adenophora root; fourleaf ladybell root
dried root of Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch or Adenophora stricta Miq. (Fam. Campanulaceae)
4.12
Latin name: Aesculi semen
Chinese name: 娑罗子 (娑羅子)
Pinyin name: Suo luo zi (suō luó zǐ)
English name: horse chestnut; buckeye seed
dried ripe seed of Aesculus chinensis Bge., Aesculus chinensis Bge. var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang or
Aesculus wilsonii Rehd. (Fam. Hippocastanaceae)
4.13
Latin name: Agkistrodon
Chinese name: 蕲蛇 (蘄蛇)
Pinyin name: Qi she (qí shé)
English name: agkistrodon
dried body of Agkistrodon acutus (Güenther). (Fam. Viperidae)
4.14
Latin name: Agrimoniae herba
Chinese name: 仙鹤草 (仙鶴草)
Pinyin name: Xian he cao (xiān hè cǎo)
English name: agrimony
dried aerial part of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. (Fam. Rosaceae)
4.15
Latin name: Ailanthi cortex
Chinese name: 椿皮 (椿皮)
Pinyin name: Chun pi (chūn pí)
English name: ailanthus bark; tree-of-heaven bark
dried root bark or stem bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Fam. Simaroubaceae)
4.16
Latin name: Ajugae herba
Chinese name: 筋骨草 (筋骨草)
Pinyin name: Jin gu cao (jīn gǔ cǎo)
English name: decumbent bugle herb
dried herb of Ajuga decumbens Thunb. (Fam. Labiatae)
4.17
Latin name: Akebiae caulis
Chinese name: 木通 (木通)
Pinyin name: Mu tong (mù tōnɡ)
English name: akebia caulis; akebia stem
dried lianoid stem of Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne., Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. or Akebia trifoliata
(Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd. (Fam. Lardizabalaceae)
4.18
Latin name: Akebiae fructus
Chinese name: 预知子 (預知子)
Pinyin name: Yu zhi zi (yù zhī zǐ)
English name: akehia fruit
dried nearly ripe fruit of Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne, Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. or Akebia trifo-
liata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd. (Fam. Lardizabalaceae)
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.19
Latin name: Albiziae cortex
Chinese name: 合欢皮 (合歡皮)
Pinyin name: He huan pi (hé huān pí)
English name: silktree bark; silktree albizia bark
dried stem bark of Albizia julibrissin Durazz. (Fam. Leguminosae)
4.20
Latin name: Alismatis rhizoma
Chinese name: 泽泻 (澤瀉)
Pinyin name: Ze xie (zé xiè)
English name: alisma rhizome; oriental waterplantain rhizome
dried tuber of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. (Fam. Alismataceae)
4.21
Latin name: Allii fistulosi bulbus
Chinese name: 葱白 (蔥白)
Pinyin name: Cong bai (cōng bái)
English name: scallion
bulb of Allium Fistulosum L. (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.22
Latin name: Allii macrostemi bulbus
Chinese name: 薤白 (薤白)
Pinyin name: Xie bai (xiè bái)
English name: Chinese garlic; longstamen onion bulb
dried bulb of Allium macrostemon Bge. or Allium chinensis G. Don. (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.23
Latin name: Allii sativi bulbus
Chinese name: 大蒜 (大蒜)
Pinyin name: Da suan (dà suàn)
English name: garlic bulb
dried bulb of Allium sativum L. (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.24
Latin name: Allii tuberosi semen
Chinese name: 韭菜子 (韭菜子)
Pinyin name: Jiu cai zi (jiǔ cài zǐ)
English name: Chinese leek seed; tuber onion seed
dried ripe seed of Allium tuberosum Rottl. ex Spreng. (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.25
Latin name: Aloe
Chinese name: 芦荟 (蘆薈)
Pinyin name: Lu hui (lú huì)
English name: aloes
dried concentrated matter obtained from the juice of the leaf of Aloe barbadensis Miller, Aloe ferox Miller
or other species of the same genus. Aloe barbadensis is commonly known as “old aloe” and Aloe ferox is
known as “new aloes” (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.26
Latin name: Alpiniae katsumadai semen
Chinese name: 草豆蔻 (草豆蔻)
Pinyin name: Cao dou kou (cǎo dòu kòu)
English name: katsumada galangal seed
dried almost ripe seed of Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (Fam. Zingiberaceae)
4.27
Latin name: Alpiniae officinarum rhizoma
Chinese name: 高良姜 (高良薑)
Pinyin name: Gao liang jiang (gāo liáng jiāng)
English name: lesser galangal rhizome
dried rhizome of Alpinia officinarum Hance (Fam. Zingiberaceae)
4.28
Latin name: Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus
Chinese name: 益智 (益智)
Pinyin name: Yi zhi (yì zhì)
English name: alpinia fruit; sharpleaf glangal fruit
dried ripe fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. (Fam. Zingiberaceae)
4.29
Latin name: Alumen
Chinese name: 白矾 (白礬)
Pinyin name: Bai fan (bái fán)
English name: alum
processed mineral of sulfates of alumstone, containing mainly potassium aluminium sulfate [KAl (SO ) ·12H O]
4 2 2
4.30
Latin name: Amomi fructus
Chinese name: 砂仁 (砂仁)
Pinyin name: Sha ren (shā rén)
English name: amomum fruit
dried ripe fruit of Amomum villosum Lour., Amomum villosum Lour. var. xanthioides (T.L. Wu et Senjen) or
Amomum longiligulare (T.L. Wu) (Fam. Zingiberaceae)
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.31
Latin name: Amomi rotundus fructus
Chinese name: 豆蔻 (豆蔻)
Pinyin name: Dou kou (dòu kòu)
English name: round cardamon fruit
dried ripe fruit of Amomum kravanh Pierre ex Gagnep. or Amomum compactum Soland ex Maton (Fam.
Zingiberaceae)
4.32
Latin name: Ampelopsis radix
Chinese name: 白蔹 (白蘞)
Pinyin name: Bai lian (bái liǎn)
English name: Japanese ampelopsis root; ampelopsis
dried root tuber of Ampelopsis japonica (Thunb.) Makino (Fam. Vitaceae)
4.33
Latin name: Andrographis herba
Chinese name: 穿心莲 (穿心蓮)
Pinyin name: Chuan xin lian (chuān xīn lián)
English name: andrographis; common andrographis herb
dried aerial part of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (Fam. Acanthaceae)
4.34
Latin name: Anemarrhenae rhizoma
Chinese name: 知母 (知母)
Pinyin name: Zhi mu (zhī mǔ)
English name: anemarrhena rhizome; common anemarrhena rhizome
dried rhizome of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.35
Latin name: Anemones raddeanae rhizoma
Chinese name: 两头尖 (兩頭尖)
Pinyin name: Liang tou jian (liǎng tóu jiān)
English name: radde anemone rhizome
dried rhizome of Anemone raddeana Regel (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.36
Latin name: Angelicae dahuricae radix
Chinese name: 白芷 (白芷)
Pinyin name: Bai zhi (bái zhǐ)
English name: dahurian angelica root
dried root of Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.) Benth. et Hook. f. or Angelica dahurica (Fisch. ex Hoffm.)
Benth. et Hook. f. var. formosana (Boiss.) Shan et Yuan (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.37
Latin name: Angelicae pubescentis radix
Chinese name: 独活 (獨活)
Pinyin name: Du huo (dú huó)
English name: pubescent angelica root; doubleteeth pubescent angelica root
dried root of Angelica pubescens Maxim. f. biserrata Shan et Yuan (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.38
Latin name: Angelicae sinensis radix
Chinese name: 当归 (當歸)
Pinyin name: Dang gui (dānɡ ɡuī)
English name: tangkuei; Chinese angelica root
dried root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.39
Latin name: Anisi stellati fructus
Chinese name: 八角茴香 (八角茴香)
Pinyin name: Ba jiao hui xiang (bā jiǎo huí xiānɡ)
English name: Chinese star anise
dried ripe fruit of Illicium verum Hook. f. (Fam. Magnoliaceae)
4.40
Latin name: Apocyni veneti folium
Chinese name: 罗布麻叶 (羅布麻葉)
Pinyin name: Luo bu ma ye (luó bù má yè)
English name: dogbane leaf
dried leaf of Apocynum venetum L. (Fam. Apocynaceae)
4.41
Latin name: Aquilariae lignum resinatum
Chinese name: 沉香 (沉香)
Pinyin name: Chen xiang (chén xiānɡ)
English name: aquilaria wood; Chinese eaglewood wood
resin containing wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg (Fam. Thymelaeaceae)
4.42
Latin name: Arcae concha
Chinese name: 瓦楞子 (瓦楞子)
Pinyin name: Wa leng zi (wǎ lénɡ zǐ)
English name: arc shell
shell of Arca subcrenata Lischke, Arca granosa Linnaeus or Arca inflata Reeve (Fam. Arcidae)
8 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.43
Latin name: Arctii fructus
Chinese name: 牛蒡子 (牛蒡子)
Pinyin name: Niu bang zi (niú bàng zǐ)
English name: great burdock achene
dried ripe fruit of Arctium lappa L. (Fam. Compositae)
4.44
Latin name: Ardisiae crenatae radix
Chinese name: 朱砂根 (朱砂根)
Pinyin name: Zhu sha gen (zhū shā gēn)
English name: coral ardisia root
dried root of Ardisia crenata Sims (Fam. Myrsinaceae)
4.45
Latin name: Ardisiae japonicae herba
Chinese name: 矮地茶 (矮地茶)
Pinyin name: Ai di cha (ǎi dì chá)
English name: Japanese ardisia herb
dried herb of Ardisia japonica (Thunb.) Blume (Fam. Myrsinaceae)
4.46
Latin name: Arecae pericarpium
Chinese name: 大腹皮 (大腹皮)
Pinyin name: Da fu pi (dà fù pí)
English name: areca peel
dried pericarp of Areca catechu L. (Fam. Palmae)
4.47
Latin name: Arecae semen
Chinese name: 槟榔 (檳榔)
Pinyin name: Bing lang (bīn láng)
English name: areca seed
dried ripe seed of Areca catechu L. (Fam. Palmae)
4.48
Latin name: Arisaematis rhizoma
Chinese name: 天南星 (天南星)
Pinyin name: Tian nan xing (tiān nán xīng)
English name: Jack-in-the-pulpit tuber
dried tuber of Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott., Arisaema heterophyllum Bl. or Arisaema amurense
Maxim. (Fam. Araceae)
4.49
Latin name: Aristolochiae fructus
Chinese name: 马兜铃 (馬兜鈴)
Pinyin name: Ma dou ling (mǎ dōu líng)
English name: aristolochia fruit
dried ripe fruit of Aristolochia contorta Bge. or Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. (Fam. Aristolochiaceae)
4.50
Latin name: Aristolochiae herba
Chinese name: 天仙藤 (天仙藤)
Pinyin name: Tian xian teng (tiān xiān téng)
English name: dutchmanspipe vine
dried aerial part of Aristolochia debilis Sieb. et Zucc. or Aristolochia contorta Bge. (Fam. Aristolochiaceae)
4.51
Latin name: Armeniacae semen amarum
Chinese name: 苦杏仁 (苦杏仁)
Pinyin name: Ku xing ren (kǔ xìng rén)
English name: bitter apricot seed
dried ripe seed of Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim, Prunus sibirica L., Prunus mandshurica (Maxim.)
Koehne or the Prunus armeniaca L. (Fam. Rosaceae)
4.52
Latin name: Arnebiae radix
Chinese name: 紫草 (紫草)
Pinyin name: Zi cao (zǐ cǎo)
English name: arnebia root
dried root of Arnebia euchroma (Royle) Johnst. or Arnebia guttata Bunge (Fam. Boraginaceae)
4.53
Latin name: Artemisiae annuae herba
Chinese name: 青蒿 (青蒿)
Pinyin name: Qing hao (qīng hāo)
English name: sweet wormwood herb
dried aerial part of Artemisia annua L. (Fam. Compositae)
4.54
Latin name: Artemisiae argyi folium
Chinese name: 艾叶 (艾葉)
Pinyin name: Ai ye (ài yè)
English name: mugwort leaf; argy wormood leaf
dried leaf of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant. (Fam. Compositae)
10 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.55
Latin name: Artemisiae scopariae herba
Chinese name: 茵陈 (茵陳)
Pinyin name: Yin chen (yīn chén)
English name: virgate wormwood herb
dried aerial part of Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. or Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Fam. Compositae)
4.56
Latin name: Asari radix et rhizoma
Chinese name: 细辛 (細辛)
Pinyin name: Xi xin (xì xīn)
English name: asarum; manchurian wildginger root
dried root and rhizome of Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag., Asarum
sieboldii Miq. var. seoulense Nakai or Asarum sieboldii Miq. (Fam. Aristolochiaceae)
4.57
Latin name: Asini corii colla
Chinese name: 阿胶 (阿膠)
Pinyin name: E jiao (ē jiāo)
English name: donkey-hide glue
solid glue prepared from the dried or fresh skin of Equus asinus Linnaeus (Fam. Equidae) by decoction
and concentration
4.58
Latin name: Asparagi radix
Chinese name: 天冬 (天冬)
Pinyin name: Tian dong (tiān dōnɡ)
English name: asparagus tuber; cochinchinese asparagus root
dried root tuber of Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr (Fam. Liliaceae)
4.59
Latin name: Aspongopus
Chinese name: 九香虫 (九香蟲)
Pinyin name: Jiu xiang chong (jiǔ xiānɡ chónɡ)
English name: stink bug
dried body of Aspongopus chinensis Dallas (Fam. Pentatomidae)
4.60
Latin name: Asteris radix et rhizoma
Chinese name: 紫菀 (紫菀)
Pinyin name: Zi wan (zǐ wǎn)
English name: aster root; Tatarian aster root
dried root and rhizome of Aster tataricus L. f. (Fam. Compositae)
4.61
Latin name: Astragali complanati semen
Chinese name: 沙苑子 (沙苑子)
Pinyin name: Sha yuan zi (shā yuàn zǐ)
English name: complanate astragalus seed; flatstem milkvetch seed
dried ripe seed of Astragalus complanatus R. Br. (Fam. Leguminosae)
4.62
Latin name: Astragali radix
Chinese name: 黄芪 (黃芪)
Pinyin name: Huang qi (huáng qí)
English name: astragalus root; milkvetch root
dried root of Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bge. var. Mongholicus (Bge.) Hsiao or Astragalus mem-
branaceus (Fisch.) Bge. (Fam. Leguminosae)
4.63
Latin name: Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma
Chinese name: 白术 (白術)
Pinyin name: Bai zhu (bái zhú)
English name: white atractylodes rhizome
dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. (Fam. Compositae)
4.64
Latin name: Atractylodis rhizoma
Chinese name: 苍术 (蒼術)
Pinyin name: Cang zhu (cānɡ zhú)
English name: atractylodes rhizome
dried rhizome of Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. or Atractylodes chinensis (DC.) Koidz. (Fam. Compositae)
4.65
Latin name: Aucklandiae radix
Chinese name: 木香 (木香)
Pinyin name: Mu xiang (mù xiāng)
English name: aucklandia; common aucklandia root
dried root of Aucklandia lappa Decne. (Fam. Compositae)
4.66
Latin name: Aurantii fructus
Chinese name: 枳壳 (枳殼)
Pinyin name: Zhi qiao (zhǐ qiào)
English name: bitter orange
dried, immature fruit of Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivated varieties (Fam. Rutaceae)
12 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.67
Latin name: Aurantii fructus immaturus
Chinese name: 枳实 (枳實)
Pinyin name: Zhi shi (zhǐ shí)
English name: unripe bitter orange
dried young fruit of Citrus aurantium L. and its cultivars or Citrus sinensis Osbeck (Fam. Rutaceae)
4.68
Latin name: Bambusae caulis in taenia
Chinese name: 竹茹 (竹茹)
Pinyin name: Zhu ru (zhú rú)
English name: bamboo shavings
dried middle shavings of the stem of Bambusa tuldoides Munro, Sinocalamus beecheyanus (Munro) Mc-
Clure var. pubescens P.F.Li or Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle (Fam.
Gramineae)
4.69
Latin name: Bambusae concretio silicea
Chinese name: 天竺黄 (天竺黃)
Pinyin name: Tian zhu huang (tiān zhú huánɡ)
English name: tabasheer
dired masses of secretion in the stem of Bambusa textilis McClure or the Schizostachyum chinense Rendle
(Fam. Gramineae)
4.70
Latin name: Baphicacanthis cusiae rhizoma et radix
Chinese name: 南板蓝根 (南板藍根)
Pinyin name: Nan ban lan gen (nán bǎn lán gēn)
English name: baphicacanthus root
dried rhizome and root of Baphicacanthus cusia (Nees) Bremek (Fam. Acanthaceae)
4.71
Latin name: Belamcandae rhizoma
Chinese name: 射干 (射干)
Pinyin name: She gan (shè ɡān)
English name: blackberrylily rhizome
dried rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC (Fam. Iridaceae)
4.72
Latin name: Benincasae exocarpium
Chinese name: 冬瓜皮 (冬瓜皮)
Pinyin name: Dong gua pi (dōng guā pí)
English name: winter melon rind; Chinese wax-gourd peel
dried exocarp of Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn. (Fam. Cucurbitaceae)
4.73
Latin name: Benzoinum
Chinese name: 安息香 (安息香)
Pinyin name: An xi xiang (ān xī xiāng)
English name: benzoin
dried resin collected from the trunk of Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hart. (Fam. Styracaceae)
4.74
Latin name: Berberidis radix
Chinese name: 三颗针 (三顆針)
Pinyin name: San ke zhen (sān kē zhēn)
English name: barberry radix
dried root of Berberis soulieana Schneid., Berberis wilsoniae Hemsl., Berberis poiretii Schneid., Berberis
vernae Schneid. and similar species (Fam. Berberidaceae)
4.75
Latin name: Bistortae rhizoma
Chinese name: 拳参 (拳參)
Pinyin name: Quan shen (quán shēn)
English name: bistort rhizome
dried rhizome of Polygonum bistorta L. (Fam. Polygonaceae)
4.76
Latin name: Bletillae rhizoma
Chinese name: 白及 (白及)
Pinyin name: Bai ji (bái jí)
English name: common bletilla tuber
dried tuber of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb. f. (Fam. Orchidaceae)
4.77
Latin name: Bolbostemmatis rhizoma
Chinese name: 土贝母 (土貝母)
Pinyin name: Tu bei mu (tǔ bèi mǔ)
English name: paniculate bolbostemma
dried tuber of Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (Fam. Cucurbitaceae)
4.78
Latin name: Bombyx batryticatus
Chinese name: 僵蚕 (僵蠶)
Pinyin name: Jiang can (jiānɡ cán)
English name: stiff silkworm
dried body of the fourth- to fifth-stage larva of Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Fam. Bombycidae) that died of
infection (or artificial infection) by the Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill ant
14 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.79
Latin name: Bovis calculus
Chinese name: 牛黄 (牛黃)
Pinyin name: Niu huang (niú huánɡ)
English name: cow bezoar
dried gallstone of Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin (Fam. Bovidae)
4.80
Latin name: Broussonetiae fructus
Chinese name: 楮实子 (楮實子)
Pinyin name: Chu shi zi (chǔ shí zǐ)
English name: paper mulberry fruit
dried ripe fruit of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. (Fam. Moraceae)
4.81
Latin name: Bruceae fructus
Chinese name: 鸦胆子 (鴉膽子)
Pinyin name: Ya dan zi (yā dǎn zǐ)
English name: brucea fruit; Java brucea fruit
dried ripe fruit of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. (Fam. Simarubaceae)
4.82
Latin name: Bubali cornu
Chinese name: 水牛角 (水牛角)
Pinyin name: Shui niu jiao (shuǐ niú jiǎo)
English name: water buffalo horn
horn of Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus (Fam. Bovidae)
4.83
Latin name: Buddlejae flos
Chinese name: 密蒙花 (密蒙花)
Pinyin name: Mi meng hua (mì méng huā)
English name: pale butterflybush flower; buddleia flower
dried flower bud and its inflorescence of Buddleja officinalis Maxim. (Fam. Loganiaceae)
4.84
Latin name: Bufonis venenum
Chinese name: 蟾酥 (蟾酥)
Pinyin name: Chan su (chán sū)
English name: toad venom
dried secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider (Fam. Bufonidae)
4.85
Latin name: Bungarus
Chinese name: 金钱白花蛇 (金錢白花蛇)
Pinyin name: Jin qian bai hua she (jīn qián bái huā shé)
English name: multibanded krati
dried body of Bungarus multicinctus Blyth (Fam. Elapidae)
4.86
Latin name: Bupleuri radix
Chinese name: 柴胡 (柴胡)
Pinyin name: Chai hu (chái hú)
English name: bupleurum; Chinese thorowax root
dried root of Bupleurum chinense DC. or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.87
Latin name: Calamina
Chinese name: 炉甘石 (爐甘石)
Pinyin name: Lu gan shi (lú ɡān shí)
English name: calamine
mineral of carbonates of smithsonite of calcite group, containing mainly zinc carbonate (ZnCO )
4.88
Latin name: Callicarpae formosanae folium
Chinese name: 紫珠叶 (紫珠葉)
Pinyin name: Zi zhu ye (zǐ zhū yè)
English name: callicarpa formosana leaf; beauty-berry leaf
dried leaf of Callicarpa formosana Rolfe (Fam. Verbenaceae)
4.89
Latin name: Campsis flos
Chinese name: 凌霄花 (淩霄花)
Pinyin name: Ling xiao hua (líng xiāo huā)
English name: campsis flower; trumpetcreeper flower
dried flower of Campsis grandiflora (Thunb.) K. Schum. or Campsis radicans (L.) Seem. (Fam. Bignoniaceae)
4.90
Latin name: Canarii fructus
Chinese name: 青果 (青果)
Pinyin name: Qing guo (qīng guǒ)
English name: Chinese white olive
dried ripe fruit of Canarium album Raeusch. (Fam. Bruseraceae)
16 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.91
Latin name: Canavaliae semen
Chinese name: 刀豆 (刀豆)
Pinyin name: Dao dou (dāo dòu)
English name: sword bean; Jack bean
dried ripe seed of Canavalia gladiata (Jacq.) DC. (Fam. Leguminosae)
4.92
Latin name: Cannabis fructus
Chinese name: 火麻仁 (火麻仁)
Pinyin name: Huo ma ren (huǒ má rén)
English name: hemp seed
dried ripe fruit of Cannabis sativa L. (Fam. Moraceae)
4.93
Latin name: Capsici fructus
Chinese name: 辣椒 (辣椒)
Pinyin name: La jiao (là jiāo)
English name: hot pepper
dried ripe fruit of Capsicum annuum L. and its cultivated varieties (Fam. Solanaceae)
4.94
Latin name: Carpesii fructus
Chinese name: 鹤虱 (鶴虱)
Pinyin name: He shi (hè shī)
English name: carpesium fruit; common carpesium fruit
dried ripe fruit of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Fam. Compositae)
4.95
Latin name: Carthami flos
Chinese name: 红花 (紅花)
Pinyin name: Hong hua (hóng huā)
English name: safflower
dried flower of Carthamus tinctorius L. (Fam. Compositae)
4.96
Latin name: Caryophylli flos
Chinese name: 丁香 (丁香)
Pinyin name: Ding xiang (dīng xiāng)
English name: clove
dried flower bud of Eugenia caryophyllata Thunb. (Fam. Myrtaceae)
4.97
Latin name: Cassiae semen
Chinese name: 决明子 (決明子)
Pinyin name: Jue ming zi (jué míng zǐ)
English name: cassia seed
dried ripe seed of Cassia obtusifolia L. or Cassia tora L. (Fam. Leguminosae)
4.98
Latin name: Catechu
Chinese name: 儿茶 (兒茶)
Pinyin name: Er cha (ér chá)
English name: catechu; black cutch
dried concentrated decoction prepared from the peeled branch and stem of Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd.
(Fam. Leguminosae)
4.99
Latin name: Celosiae cristatae flos
Chinese name: 鸡冠花 (雞冠花)
Pinyin name: Ji guan hua (jī ɡuān huā)
English name: cockscomb flower
dried capitulum of Celosia cristata L. (Fam. Amaranthaceae)
4.100
Latin name: Celosiae semen
Chinese name: 青葙子 (青葙子)
Pinyin name: Qing xiang zi (qīng xiāng zǐ)
English name: celosia seed; feather cockscomb seed
dried ripe seed of Celosia argentea L. (Fam. Amaranthaceae)
4.101
Latin name: Centellae herba
Chinese name: 积雪草 (積雪草)
Pinyin name: Ji xue cao (jī xuě cǎo)
English name: centella; Asiatic pennywort herb
dried herb of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb. (Fam. Umbelliferae)
18 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.102
Latin name: Centipedae herba
Chinese name: 鹅不食草 (鵝不食草)
Pinyin name: E bu shi cao (é bú shí cǎo)
English name: small centipede herb
dried herb of Centipeda minima (L.) A. Br. et Aschers. (Fam. Compositae)
4.103
Latin name: Cera chinensis
Chinese name: 虫白蜡 (蟲白蠟)
Pinyin name: Chong bai la (chóng bái là)
English name: insect wax
purified wax secreted by the male insect of the Ericerus pela (Chavannes) Guerin, which dwells gregari-
ously at the stem and branch of Fraxinus chinensis Roxb., Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Fam. Oleaceae) or other
species of the genus Ligustrum
4.104
Latin name: Cera flava
Chinese name: 蜂蜡 (蜂蠟)
Pinyin name: Feng la (fēng là)
English name: beeswax
wax secreted by the Apis cerana Fabricius or Apis mellifera Linnaeus. (Fam. Apidae)
4.105
Latin name: Cervi cornu
Chinese name: 鹿角 (鹿角)
Pinyin name: Lu jiao (lù jiǎo)
English name: deer horn
ossified antler or antler base of Cervus elaphus Linnaeus or Cervus nippon Temminck (Fam. Cervidae)
4.106
Latin name: Cervi cornu degelatinatum
Chinese name: 鹿角霜 (鹿角霜)
Pinyin name: Lu jiao shuang (lù jiǎo shuānɡ)
English name: degelatined deer horn
piece of antler removed from gelatin
4.107
Latin name: Cervi cornu pantotrichum
Chinese name: 鹿茸 (鹿茸)
Pinyin name: Lu rong (lù rónɡ)
English name: deer velvet
young unossified hairy antler of the male Cervus nippon Temminck or Cervus elaphus Linnaeus (Fam.
Cervidae)
4.108
Latin name: Chaenomelis fructus
Chinese name: 木瓜 (木瓜)
Pinyin name: Mu gua (mù guā)
English name: chaenomeles fruit; common flowering qince fruit
dried nearly ripe fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa (Sweet) Nakai. (Fam. Rosaceae)
4.109
Latin name: Changii radix
Chinese name: 明党参 (明黨參)
Pinyin name: Ming dang shen (mínɡ dǎnɡ shēn)
English name: changium root
dried root of Changium smyrnioides Wolff. (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.110
Latin name: Chebulae fructus
Chinese name: 诃子 (訶子)
Pinyin name: He zi (hē zǐ)
English name: chebule; terminalia chebula fruit
dried ripe fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. or Terminalia chebula Retz. var. tomentella Kurt. (Fam. Com-
bretaceae)
4.111
Latin name: Chloriti lapis
Chinese name: 青礞石 (青礞石)
Pinyin name: Qing meng shi (qīnɡ ménɡ shí)
English name: chlorite
black mica schist or a carbonate schist of chlorite mica of metamorphic group
4.112
Latin name: Chrysanthemi flos
Chinese name: 菊花 (菊花)
Pinyin name: Ju hua (jú huā)
English name: chrysanthemum flower
dried capitulum of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. (Fam. Compositae)
4.113
Latin name: Chrysanthemi indici flos
Chinese name: 野菊花 (野菊花)
Pinyin name: Ye ju hua (yě jú huā)
English name: wild chrysanthemum flower
dried capitulum of Chrysanthemum indicum L. (Fam. Compositae)
20 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.114
Latin name: Chuanxiong rhizoma
Chinese name: 川芎 (川芎)
Pinyin name: Chuan xiong (chuān xiōng)
English name: szechwan lovage rhizome
dried rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.115
Latin name: Cibotii rhizoma
Chinese name: 狗脊 (狗脊)
Pinyin name: Gou ji (ɡǒu jí)
English name: cibotium rhizome; cibot rhizome
dried rhizome of Cibotium barometz (L.) J. Sm. (Fam. Dicksoniaceae)
4.116
Latin name: Cicadae periostracum
Chinese name: 蝉蜕 (蟬蛻)
Pinyin name: Chan tui (chán tuì)
English name: cicada slough
slough of the nymph of Cryptotympana pustulata Fabricius (Fam. Cicadidae) during emergence
4.117
Latin name: Cimicifugae rhizoma
Chinese name: 升麻 (升麻)
Pinyin name: Sheng ma (shēng má)
English name: cimicifuga; largetrifoliolious bugbane rhizome
dried rhizome of Cimicifuga heracleifolia Kom., Cimicifuga dahurica (Turcz.) Maxim. or Cimicifuga foetida
L. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.118
Latin name: Cinnamomi cortex
Chinese name: 肉桂 (肉桂)
Pinyin name: Rou gui (ròu guì)
English name: cinnamon bark; cassia bark
dried stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia Presl. (Fam. Lauraceae)
4.119
Latin name: Cinnamomi ramulus
Chinese name: 桂枝 (桂枝)
Pinyin name: Gui zhi (guì zhī)
English name: cassia twig
dried young branch of Cinnamomum cassia Presl. (Fam. Lauraceae)
4.120
Latin name: Cirsii herba
Chinese name: 小蓟 (小薊)
Pinyin name: Xiao ji (xiǎo jì)
English name: small thistle; field thistle herb
dried aerial part of Cirsium setosum (Wild.) MB. (Fam. Compositae)
4.121
Latin name: Cirsii japonici herba
Chinese name: 大蓟 (大薊)
Pinyin name: Da ji (dà jì)
English name: large thistle; Japanese thistle herb
dried aerial part of Cirsium japonicum DC. (Fam. Compositae)
4.122
Latin name: Cissampelotis herba
Chinese name: 亚乎奴 (亞乎奴)
Pinyin name: Ya hu nu (yà hū nú)
English name: common cissampelos herb
dried whole plant of Cissampelos pareira L. var. hirsuta (Buch. ex DC.) Forman. (Fam. Menispermaceae)
4.123
Latin name: Cistanches herba
Chinese name: 肉苁蓉 (肉蓯蓉)
Pinyin name: Rou cong rong (ròu cōng róng)
English name: desertliving cistanche
dried fleshy stem with scales of Cistanche deserticola Y.C. Ma. or the Cistanche tubulosa (Schrenk) Wight
(Fam. Orobanchaceae)
4.124
Latin name: Citri exocarpium rubrum
Chinese name: 橘红 (橘紅)
Pinyin name: Ju hong (jú hóng)
English name: red tangerine peel
dried exocarp of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae)
4.125
Latin name: Citri fructus
Chinese name: 香橼 (香櫞)
Pinyin name: Xiang yuan (xiāng yuán)
English name: citron fruit
dried ripe fruit of Citrus medica L. or Citrus wilsonii Tanaka (Fam. Rutaceae)
22 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.126
Latin name: Citri grandis exocarpium
Chinese name: 化橘红 (化橘紅)
Pinyin name: Hua ju hong (huà jú hónɡ)
English name: pomelo flavedo; pummelo peel
dried exocarp of unripe or almost ripe Citrus grandis “Tomentosa” or Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck (Fam.
Rutaceae)
4.127
Latin name: Citri reticulatae pericarpium
Chinese name: 陈皮 (陳皮)
Pinyin name: Chen pi (chén pí)
English name: aged tangerine peel
dried pericarp of the ripe fruit of Citrus reticulata Blanco or its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae)
4.128
Latin name: Citri reticulatae semen
Chinese name: 橘核 (橘核)
Pinyin name: Ju he (jú hé)
English name: tangerine seed
dried ripe seed of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its other cultivates (Fam. Rutaceae)
4.129
Latin name: Citri reticulatae viride pericarpium
Chinese name: 青皮 (青皮)
Pinyin name: Qing pi (qīng pí)
English name: green tangerine peel
dried pericarp of the young or immature fruits of Citrus reticulata Blanco and its cultivars (Fam. Rutaceae)
4.130
Latin name: Citri sarcodactylis fructus
Chinese name: 佛手 (佛手)
Pinyin name: Fo shou (fó shǒu)
English name: finger citron
dried fruit of Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis Swingle. (Fam. Rutaceae)
4.131
Latin name: Clematidis armandii caulis
Chinese name: 川木通 (川木通)
Pinyin name: Chuan mu tong (chuān mù tōnɡ)
English name: clematidis caulis; armand clematis stem
dried lianoid stem of Clematis armandii Franch. or Clematis montana Buch.-Ham. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.132
Latin name: Clematidis radix et rhizoma
Chinese name: 威灵仙 (威靈仙)
Pinyin name: Wei ling xian (wēi líng xiān)
English name: Chinese clematis root
dried root and rhizome of Clematis chinensis Osbeck, Clematis hexapetala Pall. or Clematis manshurica
Rupr. (Fam. Ranunculaceae)
4.133
Latin name: Cnidii fructus
Chinese name: 蛇床子 (蛇床子)
Pinyin name: She chuang zi (shé chuáng zǐ)
English name: common cnidium fruit
dried ripe fruit of Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. (Fam. Umbelliferae)
4.134
Latin name: Codonopsis radix
Chinese name: 党参 (黨參)
Pinyin name: Dang shen (dǎnɡ shēn)
English name: codonopsis root
dried root of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf., Codonopsis pilosula Nannf. var. modesta (Nannf.) L.T.
Shen or Codonopsis tangshen Oliv. (Fam. Campanulaceae)
4.135
Latin name: Coicis semen
Chinese name: 薏苡仁 (薏苡仁)
Pinyin name: Yi yi ren (yì yǐ rén)
English name: coix seed
dried ripe kernel of Coix lacrymajobi L. var. mayuen (Roman.) Stapf. (Fam. Gramineae)
4.136
Latin name: Commelinae herba
Chinese name: 鸭跖草 (鴨蹠草)
Pinyin name: Ya zhi cao (yā zhí cǎo)
English name: common dayflower herb
dried aerial part of Commelina communis L. (Fam. Commelinaceae)
4.137
Latin name: Coptidis rhizoma
Chinese name: 黄连 (黃連)
Pinyin name: Huang lian (huáng lián)
English name: coptis rhizome
dried rhizome of Coptis chinensis Franch., Coptis deltoidea C.Y. Cheng et Hsiao or Coptis teeta Wall. (Fam.
Ranunculaceae)
24 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

4.138
Latin name: Cordyceps
Chinese name: 冬虫夏草 (冬蟲夏草)
Pinyin name: Dong chong xia cao (dōng chóng xià cǎo)
English name: Chinese caterpillar fungus
composite consisting of the stroma of the fungus Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. (Fam. Hypocreaceae),
parasitized on the larva of some species of insects, and the dead caterpillar
4.139
Latin name: Corni fructus
Chinese name: 山茱萸 (山茱萸)
Pinyin name: Shan zhu yu (shān zhū yú)
English name: Asiatic cornelian cherry fruit
dried ripe sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Fam. Cornaceae)
4.140
Latin name: Corydalis decumbentis rhizoma
Chinese name: 夏天无 (夏天無)
Pinyin name: Xia tian wu (xià tiān wú)
English name: decumbent corydalis rhizome
dried tuber of Corydalis decumbens (Thunb.) Pers. (Fam. Papaveraceae)
4.141
Latin name: Corydalis rhizoma
Chinese name: 延胡索 (延胡索)
Pinyin name: Yan hu suo (yán hú suǒ)
English name: corydalis rhizome
dried tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T. Wang. (Fam. Papaveraceae)
4.142
Latin name: Crataegi folium
Chinese name: 山楂叶 (山楂葉)
Pinyin name: Shan zha ye (shān zhā yè)
English name: hawthorn leaf
dried leaf of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E. Br. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. (Fam. Rosaceae)
4.143
Latin name: Crataegi fructus
Chinese name: 山楂 (山楂)
Pinyin name: Shan zha (shān zhā)
English name: hawthorn fruit
dried ripe fruit of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E. Br., or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. (Fam. Rosaceae)
4.144
Latin name: Cremastrae/Pleiones pseudobulbus
Chinese name: 山慈菇 (山慈菇)
Pinyin name: Shan ci gu (shān cí gū)
English name: appendiculate cremastra pseudobulb;common pleione pseudobulb
dried pseudobulb of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino, Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe or
Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe (Fam. Orchidaceae)
4.145
Latin name: Crinis carbonisatus
Chinese name: 血余炭 (血餘炭)
Pinyin name: Xue yu tan (xuè yú tàn)
English name: carbonized hair
carbonized human hair
4.146
Latin name: Croci stigma
Chinese name: 西红花 (西紅花)
Pinyin name: Xi hong hua (xī hóng huā)
English name: saffron
dried stigma of Crocus sativus L. (Fam. Iridaceae)
4.147
Latin name: Crotonis fructus
Chinese name: 巴豆 (巴豆)
Pinyin name: Ba dou (bā dòu)
English name: croton fruit
dried ripe fruit of Croton tiglium L. (Fam. Euphorbiaceae)
4.148
Latin name: Curculiginis rhizoma
Chinese name: 仙茅 (仙茅)
Pinyin name: Xian mao (xiān máo)
English name: curculigo rhizome; common curculigo rhizome
dried rhizome of Curculigo orchioides Gaertn. (Fam. Amaryllidaceae)
4.149
Latin name: Curcumae longae rhizoma
Chinese name: 姜黄 (薑黃)
Pinyin name: Jiang huang (jiāng huáng)
English name: turmeric rhizome
dried rhizome of Curcuma longa L. (Fam. Zingiberaceae)
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