ISO 21214:2015

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21214
Second edition
2015-08-01
Intelligent transport systems —
Communications access for land
mobiles (CALM) — Infra-red systems
Systèmes intelligents de transport — Accès aux communications des
services mobiles terrestres (CALM) — Systèmes à infrarouges
Reference number
©
ISO 2015
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
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ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .vii
Introduction .viii
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
3 Normative references . 2
4 Terms and definitions . 2
4.1 General terms and definitions . 2
4.2 Terms and definitions of the optical parameters . 4
5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) . 7
6 Requirements: Transmitter and receiver parameters .10
6.1 Transmitter wavelengths and bandwidths .10
6.2 Radiated power .11
6.2.1 Radiated power limits .11
6.2.2 Transmitter classes .11
6.3 Receiver wavelengths and bandwidths .11
6.4 Receiver class .12
7 Modulation and coding .12
7.1 Wake-up modes .12
7.1.1 85 kHz coded WU .12
7.1.2 Transmitter generic modulation parameters .13
7.1.3 Receiver generic modulation parameters .13
7.2 Communications profiles .13
7.3 Profile 0 (base profile) and profile 1 (default profile) modulation .14
7.4 Profile 2 to profile 6 .14
8 Directivity and communication zones .15
8.1 Directivity parameters .15
8.2 Communication zones .16
8.2.1 Basic beam .16
8.2.2 Communication zone construction .16
8.2.3 Communication zones shortcuts . .16
9 Frames and windows .17
9.1 General structure .17
9.2 Frame .18
9.2.1 Frame structure .18
9.2.2 Frame synchronisation signal (F-Sync) .19
9.3 Windows .19
9.3.1 Window structure and types .19
9.3.2 Window synchronisation (W-Sync).19
9.3.3 Management window .20
9.3.4 Private window .22
9.3.5 Broadcast window .23
9.3.6 Multicast window .24
9.3.7 Spare window .25
9.3.8 Compatibility window .25
9.3.9 Wake-up window . .25
9.4 Command alert (CA) . .26
9.5 Frame and window parameters, summary .26
10 MAC commands .28
10.1 General .28
10.2 MAC commands related to the frame and window organization .29
10.2.1 Frame organization table (MC-FOT) .29
10.2.2 When generated .30
10.2.3 Effect on receipt .30
10.2.4 Frame organization table update (MC-FOTU) .30
10.2.5 Frame organization table steady (MC-FOTS) .31
10.2.6 Submaster organization table (MC-SOT) .32
10.2.7 Get submaster area (MC-GSA) .33
10.2.8 Submaster status (MC-SST) .33
10.2.9 Submaster area confirmed (MC-SAC) .34
10.2.10 Submaster area denied (MC-RESD) .34
10.2.11 Broadcast (MC-BRC) .34
10.2.12 Re-establish session (MC-REST) .35
10.2.13 Session re-establishment confirmed (MC-RESC) .36
10.2.14 Session re-establishment denied (MC-RESD) .36
10.2.15 Change master identifier (MC-CMI) .36
10.2.16 Kill all (MC-KIA) .37
10.2.17 Kill slave (MC-KIS) .37
10.2.18 De-register (MC-DREG) .38
10.2.19 Suspend all (MC-SUA) .39
10.2.20 Suspend slave (MC-SUS) .39
10.2.21 Free air time (MC-FAT) .40
10.2.22 Free air time (MC-FAT) .40
10.2.23 Spare window (MC-SPW) .41
10.2.24 Wakeup (MC-WU) .41
10.3 MAC commands related to flow control .42
10.3.1 Busy (MC-BSY) .42
10.3.2 Command not supported (MC-CNS) .42
10.3.3 Token (MC-TKN) .43
10.3.4 Block start (MC-BLS) .43
10.3.5 Control channel block start (MC-CCBS) .44
10.3.6 IEEE frame block start (MC-FBS).44
10.3.7 Start of MAC control block (MC-SMC) .45
10.3.8 Packet start (MC-PAS) .45
10.3.9 Block start CRC16 (MC-BLS16) .46
10.3.10 Packet start CRC16 (MC-PAS16) .46
10.3.11 Packet end (MC-PAE) .47
10.3.12 Block end (MC-BLE) .47
10.3.13 Transmission acknowledged (MC-TAck) .48
10.3.14 Transmission acknowledged and (MC-TAck&) .48
10.3.15 Transmission NOT acknowledged (MC-TNAck) .49
10.3.16 Transmission NOT acknowledged and (MC-TNAck&) .49
10.3.17 Retransmission request (MC-RTQ) .49
10.3.18 Block acknowledge (MC-BAck) .50
10.4 MAC commands related to the registration process .50
10.4.1 Registration enable (MC-REN) .50
10.4.2 Registration request (MC-RRQ) .51
10.4.3 Identifier request (MC-IDQ) .52
10.4.4 Identifier response (MC-IDP) .52
10.4.5 Registration confirmation (MC-REC) .53
10.5 MAC commands related to the PHY layer parameters .53
10.5.1 Profiles request (MC-PRQ) .53
10.5.2 Profiles response (MC-PRP).54
10.5.3 Request new profile (MC-RNP) .55
10.5.4 Set profile (MC-SPR) .55
10.5.5 Set profile confirmation (MC-SPC) .56
10.5.6 Set multicast profile (MC-SMP) .56
10.6 MAC commands related to test and services .57
10.6.1 Ping (MC-PING) .57
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

10.6.2 Pong (MC-PONG) .57
10.6.3 Status request1 (MC-SRQ1) .57
10.6.4 Status request2 (MC-SRQ2) .58
10.6.5 Status request3 (MC-SRQ3) .59
10.6.6 Status request4 (MC-SRQ4) .60
10.6.7 Status response1 (MC-SR1) .61
10.6.8 Status response2 (MC-SR2) .62
10.6.9 Status response3 (MC-SR3) .62
10.6.10 Status response4 (MC-SR4) .63
10.6.11 Echo alert (MC-EA) . .64
10.6.12 Echo request (MC-ERQ) .65
10.6.13 Echo (MC-ECH) .65
10.6.14 Service table (MC-ST) .66
10.6.15 Service table request (MC-STQ) .67
10.6.16 Service subscribe (MC-SVS) .67
10.6.17 Service (MC-SVC) .68
10.6.18 Service unsubscribe (MC-SVU) .68
10.7 MAC command set overview .69
11 Registration procedure .71
11.1 General .71
11.2 Normal registration procedure .72
11.2.1 Temporary identifier .72
11.2.2 TempID codes .72
11.3 Sequence of the registration procedure without collision .72
11.4 Sequence of the registration procedure with collision .73
11.4.1 Both signals appear with equal signal strength .73
11.4.2 Both signals appear with different signal strength .74
11.4.3 Identical TempIDs .74
11.5 Handover and re-registration .75
11.5.1 Cancel TempID .75
11.5.2 Advise adjacent masters .75
11.6 Registration process timers .75
12 Window management .75
12.1 General .75
12.2 Window allocation by frame organization tables .76
12.3 Spare windows .76
12.4 Windows for isochronous services .76
13 IR Management entity .77
13.1 General .77
13.2 MAC command not supported .77
13.3 Communication profiles .77
13.4 Equipment status .77
13.5 Testing .77
13.6 Registration .77
13.7 Session management .78
13.8 Communication .79
13.8.1 Organization of IR communication .79
13.8.2 Unique block number reference .79
13.9 Window management .80
13.10 MAC Tunnel .80
14 Adaptation .80
14.1 Architecture .80
14.2 IR-CAL .81
14.2.1 Communication SAP .81
14.2.2 Communication types .81
14.2.3 WLAN functionality .82
14.2.4 MAC addresses .84
14.2.5 Fragmentation and defragmentation .85
14.3 IR-MAE .85
15 Adoption of other standards and internationally accepted practices .86
16 Marking and labelling .86
17 Declaration of patents and Intellectual Property .86
Annex A (normative) Coding and error correction of profiles 0 and 1 and of commands .89
Annex B (normative) Coding and modulation of profile 2 to profile 6 .91
Annex C (informative) Link power budget .98
Annex D (informative) Link directivity considerations .103
Annex E (informative) Compatibility of CALM and non-CALM infrared systems .105
Annex F (normative) Specification of MR-IR communication protocol for compatibility with
ISO 21214 .108
Annex G (informative) Summary of changes between this version of ISO 21214 and the
previously published version .133
Bibliography .135
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 204, Intelligent Transport Systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 21214:2006), which has been technically
revised with the following changes:
— additional commands have been added in Clause 10;
— a new informative Annex F has been added Compatibility mode for MR-IR protocol and MR-IR
protocol specification;
— minor textual clarifications have been made throughout the document.
Introduction
This International Standard determines the air interface using infrared systems operating in the
wavelength range at 850 nm.
This International Standard is part of a family of International Standards for communications access
for land mobiles (CALM) which specify a common architecture, network protocols, and a set of air
interface definitions for wireless communications using a number of mobile (i.e. with horizontal
or vertical cell/cell handover) wireless media, including infrared communications, cellular second
generation, cellular third generation, 5 GHz, millimetre, and mobile wireless broadband (MWB), over
packet-based networks. It is anticipated that other air interfaces will be added in the future. Generally
speaking, ISO 21217 is designed to include air interfaces that provide some subset of point-to-point,
vehicle-to-vehicle, and vehicle-to-point communications over packet-based networks in the ITS Sector.
In particular, this International Standard provides general specifications for air interfaces designed to
provide mobile access to packet-based networks.
The requirements for transmission of information over comparatively large distances using wireless
technology are functionally very different from the requirements for European 5,8 GHz DSRC. Large
volumes of data are required for purposes such as safety, traffic information and management, video
downloads to vehicles for tourist information and entertainment, and navigation system updates, etc.
In order to support such services, mobile units need to be able to communicate over longer ranges
with access points/base stations and the system has to be able to hand over sessions from one access
point/base station to another (horizontal or vertical). CALM standards are explicitly designed to
enable quasi-continuous data communications, as well as data communications of protracted duration
between vehicles and service providers and between vehicles. It is important to note that the CALM
architecture is specifically designed to support packet-based communications; support for circuit-
switched communications is not included.
The fundamental advantage of the CALM concept over traditional systems is the ability to support media
independent handover (MIH), also referred to as heterogeneous handover, between the various media
that can be included in a CALM system. Selection policies are supported that include user preferences
and media capabilities in making decisions as to which media to use for a particular session and when
to handover between media or between service providers on the same medium. These handover
mechanisms are defined within ISO 21217, ISO 21210, ISO 21218, and ISO 24102. Handovers between
access points using the same technology and service provider use mechanisms that are defined within
the particular medium-specific CALM International Standard.
ITS applications that can be enhanced or are enabled by the CALM architecture includes car-to-car and
point-to-multipoint safety messaging, collision avoidance, update of roadside telemetry and messaging,
probe data collection, general Internet access, image and video transfer, infotainment, multimedia
multicast, traffic management, monitoring and enforcement in mobile situations, and route guidance,
just to mention a few.
This first revision takes into account and accommodates related CALM International Standards
approved since the publication of the original version of this International Standard. Annex G provides
a summary of the changes from the first published edition of this International Standard.
viii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21214:2015(E)
Intelligent transport systems — Communications access
for land mobiles (CALM) — Infra-red systems
1 Scope
This International Standard determines the air interface using infrared systems at 820 nm to 1 010 nm.
The International Standard provides protocols and parameters for medium range and medium to high
speed wireless communications in the ITS sector using infrared systems.
Such links are required for quasi-continuous, prolonged, or short communications between the following:
— vehicles and the roadside;
— between vehicles;
— between mobile equipment and fixed infrastructure points;
— over medium and long ranges.
Vehicles may be moving or stationary.
Wherever practicable, this International Standard has been developed by reference to suitable extant
International Standards, adopted by selection. Required regional variations are provided.
Due account is given to, and made use of, any relevant parts of appropriate communications systems
such as Global Positioning Systems (GPS), Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB), Digital Video Broadcasting
(DVB), Radio Local Area Networks (RLANs), Digital Data Broadcasting (DDB), TETRA, FM subcarrier,
Mobile Broadband Systems (MBS, W-ATM), Internet Protocols, and DSRC.
This International Standard
— supports data rates of 1 Mbit/s up to 128 Mbit/s (it may also support higher data rates),
— supports vehicle speeds to a minimum of 200 km/h (closing speeds could be double this value),
— defines or reference environmental parameters relevant to link operation,
— supports communication distances to 100 m (it may also support longer communication distances
of 300 m to 1 000 m),
— supports latencies and communication delays in the order of milliseconds,
— is compliant to regional/national regulatory parameters, and
— may support other regional/national parameters, as applicable.
Application specific requirements are outside the scope of this International Standard. These requirements
will be defined in the CALM management and upper layer standards and in application standards.
Application specific upper layers are not included in this International Standard but will be driven by
application standards (which may not be technology specific).
2 Conformance
Systems claiming conformance with this International Standard shall meet the specifications herein.
3 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
For a list of related deliverables under concurrent development, see Bibliography.
ISO/IEC 8802-11:1999, Information technology — Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems — Local and metropolitan area networks — Specific requirements — Part 11: Wireless LAN
Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications
IEC 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user’s guide
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21217 and the following apply.
4.1 General terms and definitions
4.1.1
broadcast window
BcW
window (4.1.27) used to broadcast information to slaves, even to those who have not yet performed the
“registration process”
4.1.2
chip
smallest information unit communicated over the link
Note 1 to entry: Depending on the chosen coding, one information bit may be represented by one or more
consecutive chips.
4.1.3
communications profile
specific set of data rate, modulation, and flow control
4.1.4
communication zone
spatial zone in which two CALM-IR units are able to communicate with acceptable performance
4.1.5
compatibility window
CmpW
window (4.1.27) that enables non-CALM-IR systems that follow certain rules to co-exist with a CALM-IR
system without harmful interference
4.1.6
default data rate
data rate used in the default communications profile (4.1.7) to determine the data rate if not
otherwise specified
4.1.7
default communications profile
communications profile (4.1.3) used except where another communications profile is successfully
negotiated
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

4.1.8
flush byte
8 bit sequence used to denote the end of the main body of the information to be transmitted using the
HHH (1,13) coding procedure
4.1.9
forward direction
forward link
forward window
communication flow from master to slave
4.1.10
frame length indicator
FLen
code used to calculate the frame length from the last slot index
4.1.11
frame organisation table
FOT
table that carries all organisational data of the TDMA frame
4.1.12
free air time indicator
FATI
code used to signal that “free air time” follows the current frame
Note 1 to entry: This airtime may be used by units not being a slave of the current master to establish
“secondary mastership”.
4.1.13
guard time
TG
time which precedes a ‘command alert’ CA in certain cases in order to allow the automatic gain control
of the receivers to re-settle
4.1.14
HHH (1,13) code
special run length limited code with d=1 and k=13 used in the CALM-IR communications profiles 2 to 6
4.1.15
management window
first window in a CALM-IR frame and carries all organisational information for the current frame
4.1.16
master identifier
code which uniquely identifies a CALM-IR master
4.1.17
multicast window
McW
window (4.1.27) used for communication from master to multiple slaves, forward direction only
4.1.18
private window(s)
window(s) (4.1.27) that carry the information exchange between a master and a specific slave
4.1.19
registration phase
phase where a master identifies devices newly entering his commun
...