ISO/TR 22086-1:2019

TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 22086-1
First edition
2019-03
Intelligent transport systems
(ITS) — Network based precise
positioning infrastructure for land
transportation —
Part 1:
General information and use case
definitions
Reference number
©
ISO 2019
© ISO 2019
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ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 1
3.1 Terms and definitions . 1
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 2
4 Document overview and structure . 3
5 General information . 3
5.1 Purpose of this document . 3
5.2 Overview of NETPPI-LT . 3
6 Use case overview and definitions . 6
6.1 General . 6
6.2 Use case overview . 6
6.2.1 Basic principles for use cases . 6
6.2.2 Use case clusters . 7
6.3 Use case definitions . 8
6.3.1 UC cluster 1 — Safe driving . 8
6.3.2 UC cluster 2 — Intersection approach and clearance .11
6.3.3 UC cluster 3 — Public transportation safety .12
Bibliography .14
Foreword
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.org/iso/foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 204, Intelligent transport systems.
A list of all parts in the ISO 22086 series can be found on the ISO website.
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iv © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Introduction
This document provides the framework guidelines to identify lane-level positioning technologies
with the land transportation service requirements and related standards required to deploy, manage,
and operate network-based precise positioning infrastructure for land transportation. The purpose
of the system is to generate and transmit the GNSS correction and integrity information to land
transportation users including drivers, pedestrians, riders, etc. in order to enable them to perform
lane-level positioning with low-cost GNSS receivers on nomadic devices at a high confidence level. The
system design following the requirements of ITS and automotive services that are closely related to
traffic safety and traffic efficiency is defined.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 22086-1:2019(E)
Intelligent transport systems (ITS) — Network
based precise positioning infrastructure for land
transportation —
Part 1:
General information and use case definitions
1 Scope
This document provides the framework guidelines on technologies related to the network-based precise
positioning infrastructure for land transportation (NETPPI-LT) that allows land transportation users
or objects carrying nomadic devices, equipped with low-cost global navigation satellite systems (GNSS)
receivers and wireless communication transceivers, to perform lane-level positioning and integrity
monitoring. These technologies will unlock enhanced intelligent transport systems (ITS) services and
applications and will increase traffic operation/management efficiencies and traffic safety by reducing
economic and social costs from traffic jams, traffic accidents, and environmental pollution.
The framework described in this document includes:
— reference architecture for the NETPPI-LT enabling lane-level positioning and integrity monitoring
on personal ITS devices;
— guidelines for providing a real-time lane-level positioning service based on GNSS with the aid of the
NETPPI-LT;
— guidelines to facilitate the practical implementation of the NETPPI-LT for engineers including
related use cases.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https: //www .iso .org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http: //www .electropedia .org/
3.1.1
reference station
implementation of a NETPPI-LT subsystem which captures signals/data from visible GNSS satellites
and monitoring information (pressure, temperature, humidity, image, etc.) at a known position with
clear sky view and no radio interferences, and includes wired or wireless links to send the collected
data to the control station
3.1.2
control station
implementation of a NETPPI-LT subsystem which generates the GNSS carrier phase measurement
correction and integrity information based on the information received from multiple reference
stations, and sends the correction and integrity information to wireless communication/broadcast
systems (cellular networks, WAVE, DMB, etc.) for data transmission to drivers or pedestrians with
nomadic devices
3.1.3
monitoring station
implementation of a NETPPI-LT subsystem which tests validity of the information, originated by the
control station, and gives feedback to the control station for the system management
3.1.4
base station
implementation of a NETPPI-LT subsystem which is a part of wireless communication/broadcast
systems and provides the correction and integrity information, originated by the control station, to
drivers or pedestrians carrying nomadic devices
3.1.5
nomadic device
implementation of any type of nomadic device which captures carrier phase measurements for ranging
to visible GNSS satellites, receives the correction and integrity information, originated by the control
station, via wireless links including cellular networks (LTE families, 5G), WAVE, DSRC, DAB, DMB, etc.,
and determines its own position along with integrity by using the received data
3.2 Abbreviated terms
5G fifth-generation mobile communications
C-ITS-S central intelligent transportation system station
DAB digital audio broadcasting
DMB digital multimedia broadcasting
DSRC dedicated short-range communications
GNSS global navigation satellite systems
IMU inertial measurement unit
ITS intelligent transportation system
LTE long term evolution
NETPPI-LT network based precise positioning infrastructure for land transportation
R-ITS-S roadside intelligent transportation system station
RTCA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services
WAVE wireless access for vehicular environment
2 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

V2I vehicle-to-infrastructure
V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
V2X vehicle-to-everything
4 Document overview and structure
This document provides all documents and references required to support the implementation of the
requirements related to GNSS-based positioning with lane-level accuracy on nomadic devices. This
series of standards consists of the following parts.
— Part 1: General information and use case definitions
This part provides an overview of the document set and structure along with the use case definitions
and common set of resources (definitions, references), which are used for all subsequent parts.
1)
— Part 2 : Functional requirements and data interface
This part provides functional requirements of nomadic devices for the NETPPI-LT services and
data interface between the infrastructure side and nomadic device.
5 General information
5.1 Purpose of this document
This document addresses three major areas:
— Identify the requirements of application level framework for the NETPPI-LT (lane-level positioning
and integrity monitoring) services that can be frequently inserted, modified, and deleted;
— Identify the general information for all subjects related to the NETPPI-LT services from the
perspectives of infrastructure and personal station (nomadic device);
— Specify the general use cases that should be included for the NETPPI-LT services.
5.2 Overview of NETPPI-LT
Existing ITS services and applications require road-level (meter) positioning accuracy, and commercial
nomadic devices or ITS stations meet this requirement with low-cost standalone GNSS receivers that
exploit code phase measurements for ranging to the satellites and may have the aid of mobile networks.
Emerging ITS services and vehicle technologies including autonomous vehicles, platooning, and
collision avoidance demand lane-level (sub-meter) positioning accuracy, which cannot be achieved
with the low-cost standalone GNSS receivers on the nomadic devices at a high level (95 % or more) of
confidence. Integrity is another requirement to provide reliable services, but it cannot be provided on
the standalone receivers.
The concept of the NETPPI-LT is to provide GNSS-based lane-level positioning and integrity monitoring
services to land transportation users and objects carrying nomadic devices including cellular (smart)
phones, navigators, etc. that are able to receive GNSS carrier phase measurements and to receive the
GNSS correction and integrity information, originated by the control station, via wireless links (e.g.
DAB, DMB, LTE, 5G, WAVE). The nomadic devices might be connected to external positioning personal
stations that have the above functionalities. The correction information assists the nomadic devices
to mitigate the effects of ionospheric and tropospheric delays, satellite clock errors, and ephemeris
errors etc. in the range measurements. The integrity information provides reliability of the correction
information and is used to determine integrity of the positioning result.
1) Under development. Current stage 0.00.
Figure 1 presents a reference architecture of the NETPPI-LT and an outline of data flow from the
infrastructure to any type of nomadic device performing lane-level positioning and integrity monitoring
using satellite navigation. The main components of the NETPPI-LT and their key roles are as follows:
— Reference station plays a role that collects GNSS range and quality measurements and senses
the presence of intentional or unintentional threats to the GNSS measurements with different
monitoring sensors including camera, weather sensors, and others. The collected data from
GNSS and monitoring sensors is transmitted to the control station. The system may have a single
reference station or multiple reference stations; the number of stations depends on the coverage of
the NETPPI-LT service. Its functionalities may be implemented into the R-ITS-S.
— Control station generates the GNSS correction information used for ranging error removal on
nomadic devices, with the combination of measurements from the reference stations. The integrity
information, which describes the extent of belief on the correction information, is generated through
a sequence of integrity tests. The control station offers the correction and integrity information
via wireless links to land transportation users or objects carrying the nomadic devices to perform
lane-level positioning and integrity monitoring. Its functionalities may be implemented into the
C-ITS-S.
— Monitoring station tests if the information from the control station is valid for lane-level positioning
and gives the feedback to the control station. Its installation is optional, but would be needed for the
system operation and management. Its functionalities may be implemented into the R-ITS-S.
— Base station forwards the information, originated by the control station, to users over wireless
links. The base station configuration follows the standards of the communication system used for
data transfer. The link may indicate a data channel of one of the communications systems including
cellular networks, WAVE, DSRC, DAB, DMB, etc.
— Nomadic device is capable of receiving GNSS carrier phase measurements for ranging and receiving
the correction and integrity information from the control station. Based on the data, it determines
its own position, along with integrity that gives how reliable the position estimate is.
4 © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved

Figure 1 — NETPPI-LT framework
The issues for the implementation of the NETPPI-LT include:
— Reference stations may be installed free of physical and electrical threats that may interrupt
reception of GNSS signals.
— Reference stations may periodically provide measurements from GNSS receivers and monitoring
sensors which have stable and high performance not to introduce large hardware errors in the
measurements. The GNSS receivers equipped on the reference stations also may receive GNSS
signals propagating through different frequencies for capturing ionosphere delays in the range
measurements.
— Control station may be installed free of physical and electrical threats that may harm the system
operation.
— Control station may be equipped with high-throughput data processor such that the delay during
data reception, validation, and generation remains negligible for the system operation.
— Control station may identify the occurrence of an ionosphere event and its change with the
measurements from the reference stations.
— Control station may monitor the quality of GNSS signals and the satellite status and may detect
anomalies in the GNSS measurements from the referen
...