ISO 5925:2025

International
Standard
ISO 5925
Third edition
Smoke-control door, shutter
2025-12
assemblies and self-closing glazed
elements — Ambient-temperature
and medium-temperature leakage
tests
Reference number
© ISO 2025
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 3
5 Test apparatus . 3
6 Instrumentation . 4
6.1 Differential pressure .4
6.2 Air temperature .4
6.3 Air flow .4
7 Test specimen . 4
7.1 Number .4
7.2 Size .4
7.3 Construction .5
7.4 Conditioning.5
7.5 Pre-test analysis . .5
8 Test procedure . 5
8.1 Setting-up procedure .5
8.2 Air leakage test.6
9 Observations . 7
10 Expression of results . 7
11 Test report . 8
12 Field of direct application . 8
Annex A (informative) Test principle . 10
Annex B (informative) Test apparatus .11
Annex C (informative) Commentary on test method and the applicability of test conditions and
the use of test data in a smoke containment strategy .13
Bibliography .23

iii
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
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related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 92, Fire safety, Subcommittee SC 2, Fire
Resistance.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition (ISO 5925-1:2007), which has been technically
revised. It also incorporates ISO/TR 5925-2:2006 and the Amendment ISO 5925-1:2007/Amd 1:2015.
The main changes are as follows:
— the content of ISO/TR 5925-2 has been included as a new informative Annex C;
— a tolerance for average air temperature in the medium-temperature test has been added;
— self-closing operable glazed elements have been added to the Scope;
— the option to conduct both medium-temperature tests on the same specimen has been added;
— requirements to reduce the effects of water evaporating from walls containing moisture have been
added;
— a requirement to determine whether the door can be opened without tools after the test has been added;
— a requirement for an outlet valve to be opened during the heat up and stabilization period has been
added.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

iv
Introduction
This document has been prepared to provide a test method for determining the smoke leakage through
door and shutter assemblies. It is part of a group of International Standards dealing with fire doors, e.g. the
ISO 3008 series.
Annex A includes a brief explanation of the test and Annex B describes the test apparatus.
Additional requirements for the installation and use of smoke-control door and shutter assemblies can be
found in other International Standards and national regulations.

v
International Standard ISO 5925:2025(en)
Smoke-control door, shutter assemblies and self-closing
glazed elements — Ambient-temperature and medium-
temperature leakage tests
1 Scope
This document describes a test that determines the rate of leakage of ambient (cold) and medium (warm)
temperature smoke from one side of door and shutter assemblies to the other under the specified test
conditions. This test method is applicable to door and shutter assemblies and self-closing operable glazed
elements of different configurations intended for the purpose of controlling the passage of smoke in case of
fire. Wherever door and shutter assemblies are referred to in this document, it also applies to self-closing
glazed elements. The fire resistance of glazed elements is determined by tests in accordance with ISO 3009.
The acceptable leakage rates for different situations are not addressed in this document, but rather are
specified by the regulations of the controlling authorities.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 834-1, Fire-resistance tests — Elements of building construction — Part 1: General requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
door and shutter assembly
complete assembly, including any frame or guide, door leaf or leaves, rolling or folding curtain, etc., which is
provided for closing of permanent openings in separating elements
Note 1 to entry: This includes all side-panels, vision panels or transom panels, grilles and louvers together with door
hardware, and any fire seals, smoke seals, draught seals and acoustic seals which are used in the assembly.
3.2
fire door
door or shutter assembly capable of maintaining for a specified period some, or all of the fire resistance
criteria defined in ISO 3008-1, as appropriate for the door in use
3.3
smoke-control door and shutter assembly
door and shutter assembly (3.1) that, when in a closed position, has the function of restricting the passage of
smoke to prescribed limits
3.4
fire and smoke-control door
door or shutter assembly meeting some, or all of the criteria for fire and smoke control as appropriate for the
door in use
3.5
ambient temperature
average air temperature of (20 ± 10) °C
3.6
medium temperature
average air temperature of (200 ± 10) °C
3.7
high temperature
temperature representative of a standardized fully developed fire that is as specified in ISO 834-1
Note 1 to entry: For ease of use, doors are identified by a code letter/number. These are shown in Figure C.1.
3.8
leakage rate
rate of air flow, corrected to standard temperature and pressure conditions, measured under specified
differential pressure (3.9) across a closed door and shutter assembly (3.1)
Note 1 to entry: Leakage rate is expressed in cubic metres per hour.
3.9
differential pressure
difference in static pressure created during the test between the inside and outside of the test chamber, as
measured across a closed door
Note 1 to entry: The symbol for pressure is p and it is expressed in pascals (1 Pa = 1 N/m ).
3.10
test specimen
door and shutter assembly (3.1) on which leakage measurements are to be made, including all components
necessary for the use of the door when installed in a building, the seal between the frame and the wall, and
any associated construction (3.11) which is provided
3.11
associated construction
specific form of construction into which the test specimen (3.10) can be mounted
Note 1 to entry: If an associated construction is used in the test, it shall be identical to that in which the door and
shutter assembly (3.1) is designed to be installed in practice. The method of sealing the joint between the test specimen
and the associated construction is specific to that construction and forms part of the construction being evaluated by
the test.
3.12
supporting construction
impermeable form of construction of adequate strength and stiffness to support the test specimen (3.10)
when an associated construction (3.11) is not provided and to fill the opening in the test chamber when an
associated construction is provided
Note 1 to entry: The seal between the test assembly and the supporting construction is intended to be impermeable
and withstand the test temperature, but it is not considered as part of the test construction being evaluated.
3.13
make-up air
air that is made available to dilute the fire gases in order to reduce their temperature

4 Symbols
The following symbols apply. See Figure 1 for an illustration of their use.
q apparatus (test chamber) leakage rate, expressed in m /h, corrected to standard reference conditions
a
for temperature and pressure (see 10.2)
q total leakage rate, expressed in m /h, i.e. the leakage rate measured in the test, including the leakage
t
rate of the test specimen and the test chamber corrected to the standard reference conditions for tem-
perature and pressure (see 10.2)
q test specimen leakage rate, i.e. the leakage rate for the test specimen, calculated as q = q − q
d d t a
Key
1 test chamber
2 test frame
3 associated construction
4 test door
5 test door with its frame
6 door frame
7 supporting frame
Subscripts
a apparatus
t total
d door
q = q + q
a a1 a2
q = q + q
t a d
q = q + q
d d1 d2
Figure 1 — Test apparatus
5 Test apparatus
The test apparatus consists of a test chamber with an open front in which the test specimen (door sample)
is mounted to provide a sealed enclosure. The opening shall be sufficient to accommodate the door sample
with its associated construction or supporting construction, or both. In general, an opening of 3 m × 3 m is
sufficient.
A smaller apparatus is feasible if its use is restricted to normal single-leaf doors. Openings larger than
3 m × 3 m are also acceptable.

An air supply system shall be provided to create a pressure differential across the door sample of at least
55 Pa. Provision shall be made to heat the circulating air to the test temperature of (200 ± 10) °C and to
control the temperature within the prescribed limits. Annex B provides a general specification for a suitable
apparatus, but other designs can achieve the same objectives.
The test apparatus leakage rate, q , shall not exceed 7 m /h at ambient temperature or medium temperature.
a
The air supply and heating systems shall be able to replace air at ambient temperature and medium
temperature to compensate for leakage rates through the door sample up to 55 m /h.
6 Instrumentation
6.1 Differential pressure
A suitable instrument shall be provided to measure the static differential pressure between the inside and
outside of the test chamber. The pressure head shall be mounted in the test chamber at the centre of the
test specimen (100 ± 10) mm from the inside face of the test chamber. The pressure-measuring equipment
shall be capable of measuring differential pressures with an accuracy of 5 Pa or 10 % of the measured value,
whichever is lower. Barometric pressure shall be measured to an accuracy of ±5 %.
6.2 Air temperature
For the medium-temperature test, 12 thermocouples shall be used to monitor and control the temperature
inside the test chamber. The thermocouples shall be arranged in four horizontal rows, with three
thermocouples in each row. The end thermocouples in each row shall be in line with the sides of the door
frame or jamb, and the middle thermocouple in line with the door central axis. The top row shall be 150 mm
below the edge of the free opening and the bottom row 150 mm above the sill level. The other two rows shall
be equidistant between the top and the bottom rows. The hot junctions shall be positioned (100 ± 10) mm
from the door face.
The thermocouple shall be of bare-metal type with a wire diameter of 0,5 mm, or steel-sheathed type with
the overall diameter not exceeding 1,0 mm. The temperature-measuring equipment shall be capable of
measuring temperatures up to 250 °C with an accuracy of ±5 °C.
6.3 Air flow
Suitable instrumentation shall be provided to measure the volume, V , and the temperature, T , of air supplied
t a
to the apparatus to compensate for the total leakage. The apparatus shall be able to measure leakage rates
3 3
up to at least 55 m /h with an accuracy of 1 m /h.
7 Test specimen
7.1 Number
As doors are usually of asymmetrical construction, leakage tests shall be carried out from both sides for full
evaluation. For medium-temperature tests, two separate test specimens can be used or both tests can be
carried out on the same specimen (door samples). One specimen may be sufficient if the door is absolutely
symmetrical in design, or in the special case where information on leakage from only one side is required
for limited application. The test report shall clearly indicate the basis for the use of a single specimen.
7.2 Size
The door and shutter assembly (test specimen) shall be full size, or the largest size that can be accommodated
in the test frame to be mounted on the face of the test apparatus, normally 3 m × 3 m.

7.3 Construction
The door and shutter assembly (test specimen) construction and finish shall be fully representative of that
intended to be used in practice. Any seal used in the door and shutter assembly or between the assembly and
the associated construction shall be identical to that intended for application in practice.
7.4 Conditioning
The general requirements of ISO 834-1 for conditioning shall be followed. Assemblies made entirely of non-
hygroscopic materials, such as metal or glass, do not require conditioning.
7.5 Pre-test analysis
The physical characteristics of the door and shutter assembly (test specimen), such as size, thickness or
material specification, shall be determined before the test to check the construction of the assembly against
the manufacturer’s specification and to allow adequate description of the tested assembly.
All gaps through which smoke can leak shall be measured and recorded. Generally, these gaps are between
the edge of the door leaf/leaves and the door frame, between door leaves, at the sill level, and curtain and
wall, barrel and wall, etc. A full description shall be given of the conditions prevailing at each edge, and the
presence and the nature of any seals.
The force required to open the swinging door leaf or leaves shall be determined in accordance with the
relevant International Standards. If any latches are fitted, these shall be disengaged during the test.
8 Test procedure
8.1 Setting-up procedure
8.1.1 The door and shutter assembly (test specimen) shall be mounted as in practice, in an associated or
supporting construction, in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, with appropriate gaps and
clearances between the fixed and movable parts.
Test assemblies with plastered or back-filled frames shall be mounted in the supporting construction so as
to prevent gaps between the frame and the associated construction or the supporting construction, or both.
Where the installation of the frame in practice does not involve complete plastering or backing with mineral
mortar, the intended installation condition shall be simulated by mounting the specimen in the supporting
construction.
All gaps between the supporting construction and test frame shall be tightly sealed with an impermeable
material.
8.1.2 After installation of the door and shutter assembly (test specimen) into the associated or the
supporting construction but before it is mounted in front of the test chamber, each door leaf, or moving
element of a hinged-door assembly, shall be opened to an angle of 30° and closed 5 times using the automatic
closing devices, if provided, to ensure the assembly operates normally. With other types of doors, such as
folding, sliding or rolling shutters, the opening and closing operation shall be carried out as far as practicable
to check the operation of the assembly. If the door and shutter assembly is required to conform to the
maximum opening or closing forces, these shall be recorded and reported.
NOTE This procedure is not a durability test, for which special procedures are available.
8.1.3 The measuring equipment described in 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 shall be installed and verified.
8.1.4 After checks and verifications, the door and shutter assembly (test specimen) in its associated or
supporting construction shall be mounted and sealed in front of the test chamber preparatory to performing

the air leakage test. The door shall be in its final closed position, unlocked, and the key, if any, shall be
removed.
When supplemental data are desired to determine the leakage rate without influence from the clearance
between the bottom of the test specimen and the top of the floor surface, a second test shall be conducted.
For the second test, an artificial seal shall be applied along the bottom 150 mm of the test specimen. The seal
shall be an impermeable sheet, tape or similar material.
8.1.5 Whenever the supporting construction is made of building materials, that emit water vapour at
medium temperature during the measurement, (for example gypsum boards or clay bricks), then the
vapour emission should be kept as low as possible, for instance by limiting the dimensions of the supporting
constructions to the minimum or by treating the heated surface with an impermeable material (e.g. paint),
or both.
8.2 Air leakage test
8.2.1 The leakage rate of the apparatus, q , shall be established when the apparatus is used for the first
a
time. This rate shall be checked prior to the ambient-temperature exposure tests and after the elevated-
temperature exposure tests. The extraneous test chamber leakage after the elevated-temperature exposure
shall be measured when the faces of the door assembly have returned to within 13 °C of their temperatures
prior to elevated-temperature exposure. The leakage rate shall be determined under the temperature and
the pressure conditions used in test. Since the permitted fluctuations in temperature and pressure can
cause significant errors due to volume changes, all readings shall be taken over a period of at least 1 min at
each pressure differential, and an average value of leakage shall be calculated at the nominal pressure.
8.2.2 After the setting-up procedure, leakage tests shall be performed on the door and shutter assembly
(test specimen) following the appropriate protocol, as shown in Table 1, for the information required.
Table 1 — Test protocol
Application Temperature No. of tests
a
General Ambient One test for each side
b
General Medium One test for each side
Special Ambient/medium One test from the specified side
a
The same door can be used by either reversing the sample or by creating
under-pressure in the test chamber. A separate specimen is required in each
case.
b
For medium-temperature tests, the average air temperature close to the face
of the door shall be stabilized at (200 ± 20) °C.
The average air temperature close to the face of the door shall rise linearly to 160 °C in (20 ± 3) min, and
then linearly to the stabilization temperature of 200 °C. The stabilization temperature shall be reached in a
total time of (30 ± 3) min.
The temperature distribution over the face of the door shall be controlled to (200 ± 40) °C as measured by
each individual thermocouple. During the heating period there shall be no over-pressure in the test chamber.
The leakage rate through the door and shutter assembly (test specimen) shall be measured at differential
pressures of 10 Pa, 25 Pa and 50 Pa, or for special purposes at the differential pressure specified by the test
sponsor. During measurement of leakage rate, the differential pressure shall be maintained for 2 min and
the value of q shall be established 35 min after starting the heating-up period. Additional readings may be
t
taken at 30 min intervals, following the required heating-up period and stabilization.
8.2.3 The leakage rate of the door and shutter assembly (test specimen), q , in m /h, shall be calculated for
d
each condition examined, where q = q − q .
d t a
9 Observations
9.1 During the ambient-temperature and medium-temperature tests, any observed deformation of the
specimen and the magnitude and position of such deformation perpendicular to the plane of the leaf or
curtain shall be measured and recorded. The pressure and temperature at which any significant breakdown
of the seal occurs shall be noted and other observations of the behaviour of the test specimen shall be
recorded.
9.2 After the test, it shall be noted whether the test specimen has been physically damaged as a result of
the test.
9.3 Within a maximum of 2 min after the test, it shall be determined and noted whether the test specimen
is still able to be opened without the use of tools.
10 Expression of results
10.1 The leakage rate of the test specimen, q , shall be adjusted to standard reference conditions, rounded
d
to three significant figures. The test specimen leakage rate adjusted to standard reference conditions is
defined as q. Both q and q shall be reported.
d
10.2 Standard conditions are defined as dry air at a temperature of 20 °C and a pressure of 101 325 Pa.
The value of the leakage rate adjusted to standard conditions, q, is determined as shown in Formula (1):
−3
q = q /(T + 273,15) × [k (p + p ) − 3,795 × 10 × M × p ] (1)
d a a m w H2O
where
q is the test specimen leakage rate adjusted to standard conditions, in m /h;
q is the test specimen leakage rate at (T + 273,15) and (p + p ), in m /h;
d a a m
p is the pressure increase measured on the exposed side of the door assembly, in Pa;
m
p is the barometric pressure, in Pa;
a
T is the temperature of the air supplied to the chamber, in °C;
a
−3
k is a constant, 293,15/101 325 = 2,89 × 10 ;
M is the relative humidity of air, in %;
w
p is the saturated water vapour pressure, in Pa.
H2O
The test results shall be presented in tabular form as shown in Table 2, filling in the data for the number of
tests carried out.
Table 2 — Example test results table
Door type:
No. of door leaves, if multi-leaf door:
Identification of door sides A and B:
Dimensions of the door opening:
Test Specimen Side exposed to Temperature Leakage rate
No. No. pressure q
m /h
at differential pressures of
10 Pa 25 Pa 50 Pa
1 1 Side A Ambient
2 1 Side A Medium
3 2 Side B Ambient
4 2 Side B Medium
11 Test report
The test laboratory shall prepare a test report including the following information:
a) name and address of the test laboratory;
b) a reference to this document, i.e. ISO 5925:2025;
c) date of the test;
d) name and address of the test sponsor;
e) identification of the door and shutter assembly (test specimen), trade name, model, etc.;
f) description of the door and shutter assembly (test specimen), e.g. mass, dimensions, glazing (if any),
door hardware, measured gaps and clearances, frame details and seals, and installation instructions
provided by the test sponsor. Drawings shall be included to illustrate the construction;
g) self-closers, if any, measured opening forces;
h) description of the associated/supporting construction used, the method of fixing and the joint between
the door and shutter assembly (test specimen) and the associated/supporting construction;
i) leakage rate values, q , as calculated, and as corrected to normal pressure and temperature conditions,
d
q, for each door and shutter assembly (test specimen), for each condition examined, and for each side;
j) failure of any component observed in the test and any other observations made (e.g. deviations from the
procedure, unusual features observed);
k) if a summary report is prepared, it shall refer to the full report and include at least the information
given in items a), c), d), e), f) and i).
12 Field of direct application
The results of the leakage tests may be deemed applicable under the following conditions.
a) The results of the required tests apply to door and shutter assemblies of the same construction and type
as tested and mounted in the test.

b) An assembly tested from only one direction is acceptable for use only in respect of exposure in the
tested direction.
c) Decorative finishes, such as paints, may be changed.
d) The section of the door frame profile may be enlarged if the sealing technique tested remains unaltered.
e) Clearances and gaps smaller than those tested are permissible. For double-leaf doors, the freedom
restraint at the meeting stiles shall be verified.
f) The clearance between the bottom edge of the door leaf and the floor may be altered only if the floor
seal remains effective.
g) The dimensions of doors or shutters may be reduced but not increased.
h) The dimensions of the glazing may be reduced but not increased.
i) The type of glass may be changed, i.e. toughened, laminated, wired or of borosilicate, provided the
sealing system is not altered.
j) If a swing door is tested at ambient temperature with a closing device, the test results apply with a
different closing device of the same type, provided the closing moment is not decreased and the method
of sealing is not altered.
k) The seals on a tested door can be altered as a result of confirmation from a test.

Annex A
(informative)
Test principle
A.1 Test procedure
The test procedure represents, in a simplified way, the exposure of a door to the effects of a fire when the
resulting smoke travels along various routes and its movement comes across a door. As part of the fire safety
system, the door can be required to restrict the passage of smoke in order to ensure that conditions on the
other side of the door do not become unacceptable. If the door is at some distance from the seat of the fire
initially, the smoke reaching the door will have lost much of its heat in its travel. Consequently, it will be less
buoyant and at low temperatures, but nevertheless capable of adversely affecting the safety level, due to its
effect on visibility, and capable of causing smoke damage. Even where doors are closer to a fire, the exposure
conditions alter progressively.
The test procedure simulates two exposure situations. First, in relation to either the distance from the fire
or the stage of development of a fire, a condition where there is no noticeable rise in temperature. Second,
a condition where the temperature has risen to a level at which ignition of combustible materials does not
occur, but heat damage can be caused by deformation or by failure of seals. These conditions have been
termed as:
a) ambient temperature conditions with air temperatures around 20 °C;
b) medium temperature conditions with air temperatures around 200 °C.
In both cases, it is assumed that there is no stratification of smoke.
Pressure is, however, developed on the exposed side, and the pressure differential between the two faces of
the door forces the smoke through all available gaps and openings. The differential pressures of up to 50 Pa
which can be developed during this early stage are sufficient to cause an unlatched door to be forced open.
The test procedure measures the leakage of air from one side of the door and shutter assembly to the other.
The smoke leakage rates are likely to be almost the same, since smoke is particulate material transported
by air.
Most doors are of asymmetrical construction and, therefore, leakage characteristics depend on the side
which is exposed to higher pressure. Full assessment tests thus need to establish the leakage rates from
both sides by reversing the door installation. For special conditions, a single exposure can be sufficient, but
such a test has restricted application.
A.2 Classification procedure
The test does not specify a classification procedure or an acceptable leakage rate, as this depends on the
3 3
needs of the controlling authority. In a number of countries, a leakage rate of between 20 m /h and 30 m /h
for pedestrian doors has been considered acceptable where life safety is the main consideration. When the
need is to protect goods or fabric against smoke damage, higher rates can be acceptable.

Annex B
(informative)
Test apparatus
B.1 Test apparatus
The test apparatus consists essentially of a well-sealed box, termed the test chamber, which has an open side,
provision for supply of air to the inside of the chamber and a provision for heating the air to temperatures of
(200 ± 10) °C. A schematic arrangement of the test apparatus is shown in Figure 1.
B.2 Test chamber
The test chamber may consist of a sheet steel construction with a layer of insulation on the inside to prevent
loss of heat from the circulating air. The permissible leakage rate for the chamber is not more than 7 m /h.
The front opening of the chamber shall be designed so as to accommodate the largest size assembly on
which information is required. In general, a 3 m × 3 m opening allows tests to be undertaken on the majority
of constructions, as this is also the recommended size for fire-resistance furnaces for vertical elements. If a
laboratory is only likely to be interested in testing single-leaf doors of dimensions found in normal buildings,
an even smaller opening can be feasible. As the test door has to be mounted in an associated or supporting
construction, the actual size of the door that can be tested is smaller than the size of the opening. The frame
containing the test door assembly and the associated/supporting construction is fixed and sealed against
the test chamber opening. The chamber shall have provision for the following:
a) an air supply system capable of producing a pressure differential across the specimen of up to 55 Pa and
of circulating air in the chamber such that the differential pressure over the height of the door is small;
b) a piping system for the supply of air;
c) equipment for measuring the volume of air flow supplied to the chamber to compensate for the air
leakage;
d) a valve arranged in the piping system to control the volume of air flow;
e) provision for fastening and sealing the test frame to the chamber;
f) a heat exchanger capable of heating the air supplied to the chamber;
g) adequate insulation for the walls and the piping to minimize heat loss from the apparatus;
h) equipment for measuring air temperature and pressure inside the chamber and air temperature close to
the flow meter;
i) an outlet valve (open during the heat up and stabilized period) of minimum diameter 150 mm for 3 m ×
3 m chamber.
B.3 Methods for measuring leakage rates
B.3.1 General
Using the equipment described in Clause B.2, one of the methods described in B.3.2 or B.3.3 shall be used for
measuring leakage rates.
B.3.2 Method A
An inlet and an outlet pipe are connected to the chamber in Figure 1 on opposite ends of the chamber (in
the left wall and right wall of the chamber at mid-height). The outlet pipe shall be fitted with a valve to
control chamber pressure. The air flow rate shall be measured in each pipe using apparatus suitable for this
purpose, for example, a hot wire anemometer traversed across the pipe inside diameter to determine the
average air speed (v ), in m/h, in the pipe, and a thermometer to measure air temperature for calculations
avg
to standard conditions. The airflow rate, q, in m /h, in each pipe is expressed as given by Formula (B.1):
v × a = q (B.1)
avg
where a is the area of the pipe in m .
The air-speed measurement shall be made at least nine pipe diameters from the air flow source and
a minimum of five pipe diameters from the chamber wall. The pipe diameter shall be sized to allow
for accurate traverse averaging of the air speed instrument (at least 75 mm). The total leakage rate is
q = q (sealed) – q (sealed). Before or after the test, the chamber leakage rate shall be determined by
t in out
hermetically sealing the chamber opening [ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber sheet roofing
mounted in a frame, then installed and sealed with silicone caulk is a suitable hermetic seal] where the door
and framing is normally installed and measuring q = q – q .
a in out
The specimen leakage rate is then calculated as q = q – q .
d t a
Method A requires more robust heating since the inlet air is escaping from the outlet pipe. Additionally, the
air from the outlet is significantly hotter than the inlet air and it is necessary to account for calculating the
flow rates corrected for temperature to standard conditions. Method B avoids these issues.
B.3.3 Method B
A single inlet pipe is installed on one wall of the chamber. Air flow rate shall be measured in the pipe using
a suitable apparatus, for example, a hot wire anemometer traversed across the pipe inside diameter to
determine the average air speed, v , in m/h, in the pipe, and a thermometer to measure air temperature
avg
for calculations to standard conditions. The airflow rate, q, in m /h, in the pipe is expressed as given by
Formula (B.2):
v × a = q (B.2)
avg
where a is the area of the pipe in m .
The air speed measurement shall be made at least nine pipe diameters from the air flow source and a
minimum of five pipe diameters from the chamber wall. The pipe diameter shall be sized to allow accurate
traverse averaging of the air speed instrument (at least 75 mm). The air flow source shall have either a
control valve or a bleed T to control air pressure to the chamber. The total leakage rate q = q . Before or
t in
after the test, the chamber leakage rate shall be determined by hermetically sealing the chamber opening
(EPDM rubber sheet roofing mounted in a frame, then installed and sealed with silicone caulk is a suitable
hermetic seal) where the door and framing is normally installed, and measuring q = q (sealed).
a in
The specimen leakage rate is then calculated as q = q – q
d t a
The inlet control valve method of controlling pressure has one problematic issue. If the air source is of
higher pressure than the test pressure, the valve shall be closed to avoid over-pressurizing the chamber then
opened slightly while the specimen leaks. This process shall be continued throughout the test. This does
not happen with specimens that exhibit a high leakage rate or a leaky chamber. The preferred method is to
leak excess pressure at the inlet where the air source connects to the inlet pipe using a T connection. The
turbulence produced at the T does not affect the flow rate measurement nine pipe diameters downstream.
Additionally, an air source consisting of a variac connected to an air conditioning blower allows flow rate
to be controlled very precisely instead of using a simple valve on the T bleed leg. Various T bleed leg pipe
diameters shall be tested to obtain optimal precise control of test pressures.

Annex C
(informative)
Commentary on test method and the applicability of test conditions
and the use of test data in a smoke containment strategy
C.1 Introduction
In a fire, the decomposition of materials results in the production of heat and fire gases containing smoke
particles. The associated expansion of gases can lead to the creation of a pressure differential across door
faces often influenced by wind pressures, mechanical or natural smoke extract systems, stack effect, or a
combination of these. This pressure differential induces the movement of smoke or air past any openings or
gaps, including those in a door assembly. Schemes to keep areas within buildings free of smoke use various
tec
...