ISO 5309:2023

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5309
First edition
2023-12
Civil small and light unmanned
aircraft systems (UAS) — Vibration
test methods
Aéronefs sans pilote (UAS) civils petits et légers — Méthodes d'essais
de vibrations
Reference number
© ISO 2023
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ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Types of vibration test .1
4.1 Standard vibration test . 1
4.2 Transportation vibration test . 2
5 Test conditions .2
5.1 General . 2
5.2 Conditions for standard vibration test . 2
5.2.1 Random test . 2
5.2.2 Sinusoidal test . . 3
5.2.3 Sine-on-random test . 3
5.3 Conditions for transportation vibration test . 6
5.3.1 Random test . 6
5.3.2 Vehicle field test . 7
5.4 Vibration test requirements and recommendations . 7
5.5 Control level tolerance requirements . 8
5.5.1 Random input control . 8
5.5.2 Sinusoidal control . 8
6 Test procedure .8
6.1 Random test . 8
6.1.1 General . 8
6.1.2 Check before test . 8
6.1.3 Test article installation . 8
6.1.4 Test process . 9
6.1.5 Check after test . 9
6.2 Sinusoidal test . 9
6.2.1 General . 9
6.2.2 Check before test . 9
6.2.3 Test article installation . 9
6.2.4 Test process . 9
6.2.5 Check after test . 10
6.3 Sine-on-random test . 10
6.3.1 General . 10
6.3.2 Check before test . 10
6.3.3 Test article installation . 10
6.3.4 Test process . 10
6.3.5 Check after test . 11
7 Test report .11
Annex A (informative) Information to be given in the relevant functions .12
Bibliography .13
iii
Foreword
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Unmanned aircraft systems.
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iv
Introduction
In recent years, the market for lightweight and small civil unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) has
developed rapidly. Application areas range from consumer-grade unmanned aircraft vehicles fitted
with a camera to industrial-grade unmanned aircraft vehicles used in various safety and inspection
operations (e.g. in agriculture, electrical distribution and public safety). As a consequence of being
transported from job site to job site, the UAS is exposed to a vibration environment during its lifetime.
This document sets out a vibration environment that reflects the situation the UAS experiences during
transportation and flight, and to which it can be tested so as to verify whether the test article complies
with the applicable performance standards (excluding durability requirements) when subjected to
vibration levels specified for the appropriate installation.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5309:2023(E)
Civil small and light unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) —
Vibration test methods
1 Scope
This document specifies the test conditions and methods to be used for the vibration testing of
unmanned aircraft system (UAS, including unmanned aircraft and ground station) which applies to
level II through V according to ISO 21895.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring — Vocabulary
ISO 21384-4, Unmanned aircraft systems — Part 4: Vocabulary
ISO 21895, Categorization and classification of civil unmanned aircraft systems
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2041 and ISO 21384-4 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
power spectral density
PSD
degree of variation in energy for each frequency to the acceleration signal in a specific frequency range
as a function of frequency
4 Types of vibration test
4.1 Standard vibration test
Standard vibration test is performed to verify whether the UA can work normally when it is subjected
to a vibration environment expected during flight, including engine(s) running and rotor(s) turning on
ground (e.g. ground resonance prevention). The test may be performed under the conditions involving
random test, sinusoidal test, and sine-on-random test.
Measured values should be collected from representative operations and used in testing whenever
possible.
4.2 Transportation vibration test
Transportation vibration test is performed to verify whether UAS can work normally after it is subjected
to conditions involving vibration induced by transportation.
5 Test conditions
5.1 General
The types of vibration test to which the UA (S) is to be exposed to is dependent on the powerplant type
described in Table 1.
Generally speaking, sinusoidal vibration test is applicable to verify whether the design of the product
meets the requirements and whether the product is intact after sinusoidal vibration test. Random
vibration test mainly simulates the vibration adaptability of products under broadband excitation,
especially when the resonance point cannot be determined. Sine-on-random vibration test is mainly
used to assess the adaptability of the test article under the condition of superposition of broadband
excitation and sinusoidal fixed frequency.
Table 1 — Types of vibration test
a
UA configuration Engine/power plant type Type of vibration test
Electric motor Standard vibration Random; sinusoidal
Multicopter
Random test or vehicle field
/ Transportation vibration
test
Electric motor Sinusoidal
Turbine engine, piston engine Sinusoidal
Standard vibration
Envelope value according
Fixed-wing
Mixed power plant to the type of mixed power
plant
Random test or vehicle field
/ Transportation vibration
test
Electric motor Random; sinusoidal
Sine-on-random (known
frequency)
Turbine engine, piston engine
Random (unknown fre-
Standard vibration
quency)
Unmanned helicopter
Envelope value according
Mixed power plant to the type of mixed power
plant
Random test or vehicle field
/ Transportation vibration
test
Ground station (vehi- Random test or vehicle field
/ Transportation vibration
cle-mounted/carried) test
a
The engine/power plant types include but are not limited to electric motor, piston engine, turbine engine, mixed power
plant, rocket engine, and compressed air power plant according to ISO 21895. In this document, only the commonly used
engine/power plant types are considered (e.g. electric motor, piston engine, turbine engine, and mixed power plant).
5.2 Conditions for standard vibration test
5.2.1 Random test
a) Measurements: measured values shall be used wherever possible. If measured values are not
available, the values shown in Table 2 shall be used.
b) Axial direction: test shall be performed in each of the test article's three orthogonal axes.
c) Test duration: 1 h for each axis or the time specified by relevant specification of the test article.
5.2.2 Sinusoidal test
a) Measurements: measured values shall be used wherever possible. If measured values are not
available, the values shown in Table 2 shall be used.
b) Axial direction: test shall be performed in each of the test article's three orthogonal axes.
c) Test duration: 1 h for each axis or the time specified by relevant specification of the test article.
5.2.3 Sine-on-random test
a) Measurements: measured values shall be used wherever possible. If measured values are not
available, the values shown in Table 2 shall be used.
b) Axial direction: test shall be performed in each of the test article's three orthogonal axes.
c) Test duration: 1 h for each axis or the time specified by relevant specification of the test article.
Table 2 — Standard vibration test magnitude
UA configura- Engine/power Maximum take-off mass
Type of vibration Magnitude
tion plant type kg
Refer to Table 3 and
Level II, III, IV Random; sinusoidal
Table 4 for details
Refer to Table 3 and
≤ 10 Random; sinusoidal
Table 4 for details
Level IV
Refer to Table 5 and
Multicopter Electric motor > 10 Random; sinusoidal
Table 6 for details
Refer to Table 5 and
≤ 50 Random; sinusoidal
Table 6 for details
Level V
a
Refer to Table 7 and
> 50 Random; sinusoidal
a
Table 8 for details
a
Refer to Table 9 for
Electric motor Level II, III, IV, V Sinusoidal
details
a
Fixed-wing Turbine engine, Refer to Table 10
Level V Sinusoidal
piston engine for detail
...