ISO 15886-1:2004

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15886-1
First edition
2004-11-01

Agricultural irrigation equipment —
Sprinklers —
Part 1:
Definition of terms and classification
Matériel agricole d'irrigation — Asperseurs —
Partie 1: Définition des termes et classification




Reference number
ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004

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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
3 Classification. 6
3.1 General. 6
3.2 According to physical factors . 6
3.3 According to water-spray characteristic(s). 8
3.4 According to mechanism for water distribution operation . 11
3.5 According to sealing mechanism. 14
3.6 According to intended use. 14
3.7 According to additional functions incorporated into sprinkler . 16
Bibliography . 17

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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15886-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems.
ISO 15886 consists of the following parts, under the general title Agricultural irrigation equipment —
Sprinklers:
 Part 1: Definition of terms and classification
 Part 3: Characterization of distribution and test methods
Design and operational requirements, and test methods for durability, are to form the subjects of future parts 2
and 4.

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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15886-1:2004(E)

Agricultural irrigation equipment — Sprinklers —
Part 1:
Definition of terms and classification
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15886 defines terms used in relation to sprinklers intended for agricultural irrigation and
provides a means of classifying those sprinklers according to physical factors, characteristics of water spray,
mechanism for operation and water distribution, approach to sealing, intended use, and additional functions
incorporated into the sprinkler. Its scope is intentionally broad in order to cover the widest possible range of
sprinkler construction, performance and intended-use alternatives.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
accumulator
hydraulic device that stores fluid under pressure and cushions shock waves
2.2
anti-drain valve
valve designed to remain closed whenever the system pressure does not exceed a pre-set value and to open
for higher pressures
2.3
chemigation
application of chemicals through irrigation systems
2.4
compression-disk nozzle
nozzle fitted with an elastic disk that flexes under pressure so as to alter the nozzle's hydraulic properties
2.5
cross vane
flow-conditioning vane of nozzle, the design of which tends to trap waterborne contaminants
2.6
constant-acceleration nozzle
nozzle whose shape changes gradually and smoothly so as to cause a constant rate of acceleration in the
flow passages
2.7
constant with fixed operating conditions
internal geometry of nozzle that does not vary under fixed operating conditions, thus maintaining constant
hydraulic properties
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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
2.8
constricting-passage nozzle
nozzle fitted with elastic sleeves that alter the nozzle's hydraulic properties in response to changes in
operating pressure
2.9
continuous-move system
irrigation system where the sprinklers' set positions are fixed in one direction and variable in the moving
direction
EXAMPLE Centre pivot, linear move system, traveller.
2.10
controlled-acceleration nozzle
nozzle whose shape changes gradually and smoothly so as to cause a specific rate or rates of acceleration in
the flow passages
2.11
customized nozzle
nozzle whose design changes so as to meet pre-specified hydraulic criteria relative to acceleration,
turbulence, separation, etc.
2.12
element parallel to water flow
upstream flow-conditioning component incorporated in a nozzle, the centreline of which is parallel to the
nozzle's centreline
2.13
element not parallel to water flow
upstream flow-conditioning component incorporated in a nozzle, the centreline of which is at an angle to the
nozzle's centreline
2.14
elevation of spray
height that a spray rises above a horizontal plane passing through the nozzle elevation
2.15
finger spray
spray whose every stream is an individual concentration of water — either as a coherent jet or a directed
concentration of individual drops
2.16
flexing-orifice nozzle
nozzle fabricated from elastic materials that flex under pressure so as to alter the nozzle's hydraulic properties
2.17
flow-rate-change
function of a sprinkling device that, during operation, automatically provides a change in hydraulic properties
2.18
fluidic device
nozzle that employs fluidic principles, such as jets directed over curved splash plates, to achieve its design
hydraulic-performance objectives
2.19
gradual-acceleration nozzle
nozzle whose shape changes gradually and smoothly so as to cause a gradual — usually linear —
acceleration in the flow passages
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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
2.20
groove or rifling along flow passages
flow-conditioning element of a nozzle, designed to produce modified hydraulic properties by increasing flow
passage turbulence
2.21
impact-arm rotating sprinkler
sprinkler driven by the action of a balanced arm rotating about a vertical axis
NOTE The arm momentarily intercepts and deflects a portion of the jet, this action providing the torque required to
rotate the sprinkling device.
2.22
impulse-arm rotating sprinkler
sprinkler driven by the action of a balanced arm rotating about a horizontal axis
NOTE The arm momentarily intercepts and deflects a portion of the jet, this action providing the torque required to
rotate the sprinkling device.
2.23
jet spray
stream of water issuing from an orifice under pressure
2.24
location of maximum trajectory height
radial distance from the sprinkler axis at which the maximum trajectory height is reached
2.25
maximum trajectory height
maximum height above a sprinkler or sprayer of the trajectory of the water stream discharged from the
sprinkler nozzle or sprayer operating at test pressure
2.26
moveable fixed-grid system
agricultural irrigation system where sprinkler set positions are nominally fixed by supply pipeline, hydrant,
infield access or other infrastructure constraints
EXAMPLE Hand-move, wheel-move, tow-lines, continuous-move.
2.27
moving sheet
sheet spray that moves or rotates
2.28
no variation during operation
characteristic of a sprinkler whereby it operates on fixed mechanically controlled repeatable cycles
2.29
no statistical variation during operation
characteristic of a sprinkler whereby it operates without fixed mechanical control but produces statistically
repeatable results
2.30
nominal size
reference dimension used to characterize the approximate size of a component for informational purposes
2.31
nozzle
aperture or adjutage of the sprinkler through which the water is discharged
NOTE A sprinkler can contain one or several cylindrical nozzles, or nozzles of other shapes. The term can refer to
either a single nozzle or to a combination of nozzles in the case of a multi-nozzled sprinkler.
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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
2.32
off-axis-bore nozzle
nozzle in which the orifice centreline does not correspond to the nozzle centreline
2.33
open vane
flow-conditioning vane of nozzle designed to shed waterborne contaminants
2.34
opposed [balanced] rotating sprinkler [reaction force drive]
sprinkler device driven by hydraulic reaction forces from more than one jet
NOTE The rotational torques are balanced to provide speed control and rotational dependability.
2.35
pop up
action of a mechanism within the sprinkler that automatically raises the nozzle height to improve crop
clearance when the system is pressurized
2.36
pop down
action of a mechanism within the sprinkler that automatically lowers the nozzle from the pop-up to the original
position when the system is de-pressurized
2.37
ring [disk] orifice
orifice formed by a hole in a ring [disk] placed normal to the flow direction
NOTE The ring or disk is readily changed allowing for variations in the sprinkler hydraulic performance.
2.38
rotating sprinkler
sprinkler that uses a rotating motion around its vertical axis to distribute water over a circular area or part of a
circular area
2.39
sheet spray
water spread out into a flat plane-like spray, as after hitting a deflector plate
2.40
space-filling fog spray
emission from an orifice, whose size is relatively small and pressure high, which fills the air with a “cloud” of
ultra-fine droplets whose size can be specified
NOTE The objective of the operation is usually crop cooling as opposed to meeting irrigation needs.
2.41
space-filling mist spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a “cloud” of very fine droplets whose size can be specified
2.42
space-filling rain spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a volume of relatively medium to coarse drops whose size can
be specified
2.43
space-filling spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a “cloud” of relatively fine droplets whose size can be specified
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ISO 15886-1:2004(E)
2.44
space-filling spray combination
sprinkling device combining a number of space-filling spray types
2.45
speed-of-rotation-changes sprinkler
sprinkler that provides speed control features that are mechanically adjustable during operation
2.46
splash re-direct mechanism
tube or deflection device mounted on an arm-driven rotating sprinkler, which re-directs the drive action portion
of the jet in a direction generally parallel to the main jet
2.47
sprinkler
any size or type of water-distribution device
EXAMPLE Impact sprinkler, fixed-nozzle sprinkler, irrigation gun.
2.48
spray
any release of water from a sprinkler
2.49
stationary fixed-grid system
irrigation system where sprinkler set positions are rigidly fixed by semi-permanent or permanently installed
lateral pipelines
EXAMPLE Portable solid-set system, buried system.
2.50
straight-bore nozzle
nozzle design utilizing a cylindrical section approaching the orifice.
NOTE Normally, no vena contracta effect is associated with this design.
2.51
stream breakup
...