ISO 15886-1:2012

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15886-1
Second edition
2012-03-01
Agricultural irrigation equipment —
Sprinklers —
Part 1:
Definition of terms and classification
Matériel agricole d’irrigation — Asperseurs —
Partie 1: Définition des termes et classification
Reference number
©
ISO 2012
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ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Classification . 6
3.1 General . 6
3.2 Physical factors . 6
3.3 Characteristics of water spray . 8
3.4 Mechanism for water distribution operation . 11
3.5 Mechanism for sealing .13
3.6 Intended use .13
3.7 Additional functions incorporated into the sprinkler .14
Bibliography .16
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15886-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 23, Tractors and machinery for agriculture and
forestry, Subcommittee SC 18, Irrigation and drainage equipment and systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 15886-1:2004), which has been technically revised.
ISO 15886 consists of the following parts, under the general title Agricultural irrigation equipment — Sprinklers:
— Part 1: Definition of terms and classification
— Part 3: Characterizing of distribution and test methods
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15886-1:2012(E)
Agricultural irrigation equipment — Sprinklers —
Part 1:
Definition of terms and classification
1 Scope
This part of ISO 15886 defines terms related to irrigation sprinklers and specifies the classification of sprinklers
according to the following categories: physical factors; characteristics of the water spray; the mechanism for
operation and water distribution; the mechanism for sealing; the intended use; additional functions incorporated
into the sprinkler. The scope is intentionally broad to cover the widest possible range of sprinkler construction,
performance, and intended-use alternatives.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
accumulator
pressure accumulator
hydraulic device that stores fluid under pressure and cushions shock waves
2.2
anti-drain valve
valve designed to remain closed whenever the system pressure does not exceed a pre-set value and to open
for higher pressures
2.3
chemigation
application of chemicals through irrigation systems
2.4
compression-disk nozzle
nozzle fitted with an elastic disk that flexes under pressure so as to alter the hydraulic properties of the nozzle
2.5
cross vane
flow conditioning vanes, the design of which tends to trap waterborne contaminants
2.6
constant-acceleration nozzle
nozzle, the shape of which changes gradually and smoothly so as to cause a constant rate of acceleration in
the flow passages
2.7
constant-flow nozzle
nozzle, the internal geometry of which does not vary under fixed operating conditions thus maintaining constant
hydraulic properties
2.8
constricting-flow nozzle
nozzle fitted with elastic sleeves that alter the hydraulic properties of the nozzle in response to changes in
operating pressure
2.9
continuous-move irrigation machine
irrigation machine in which the position of sprinklers is fixed on a supply line which moves continuously in a
particular direction
EXAMPLES Centre pivot irrigation machine, moving lateral irrigation machine, traveller irrigation machine.
2.10
controlled-acceleration nozzle
nozzle, the shape of which changes gradually and smoothly so as to cause a specific rate or rates of acceleration
in the flow passages
2.11
customized nozzle
nozzle, the design of which meets specified hydraulic criteria for acceleration, turbulence and separation
2.12
element parallel to water flow
upstream flow conditioning component, the centreline of which is parallel to the nozzle centreline
2.13
element not parallel to water flow
upstream flow conditioning component, the centreline of which is at an angle to the nozzle centreline
2.14
spray elevation
height to which a spray rises above a horizontal plane passing through the elevation of the nozzle
2.15
finger spray
stream of water directed either as a cohesive or continuous jet or as a concentration of individual drops
2.16
flexing-orifice nozzle
nozzle fabricated from elastic materials that flex under pressure so as to alter the hydraulic properties of the nozzle
2.17
flow-rate change mechanism
mechanism provided that automatically changes hydraulic properties during operation
2.18
fluidic device
device (such as an amplifier or control) that depends for operation on the pressures and flows of a fluid in
precisely shaped channels
NOTE Definition based on that for “fluidic” from the Free Merriam-Webster Dictionary, accessed on 2012-01-24.
[Available from: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fluidic.]
2.19
gradual-acceleration nozzle
nozzle, the shape of which changes gradually and smoothly so as to cause a gradual, usually linear, acceleration
in the flow passages
2.20
groove along flow passages
rifling along flow passages
flow conditioning element designed to modify hydraulic properties of the flow passage thus increasing flow
passage turbulence
2 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

2.21
impact arm
balanced arm of a sprinkler rotating about a vertical axis (usually corresponding to the sprinkler axis) that
momentarily intercepts and deflects a portion of the jet so as to provide the torque required to rotate the water
distribution component of the sprinkler
2.22
impulse arm
balanced arm of a sprinkler rotating about a horizontal axis that momentarily intercepts and deflects a portion
of the jet so as to provide the torque required to rotate the water distribution component of the sprinkler
2.23
jet-spray
stream of water issuing from an orifice under pressure
2.24
location of maximum trajectory height
radial distance from the sprinkler axis at which the maximum trajectory height is reached
2.25
maximum trajectory height
maximum height, above a sprinkler or a sprayer of the trajectory of the principal water stream discharged from
the sprinkler nozzle or sprayer operating at test pressure
2.26
mechanically-controlled stream breakup sprinkler
sprinkling device with a capability for controlling stream breakup in a series of mechanically pre-set repeatable
cyclic patterns
2.27
moveable fixed-grid agricultural system
irrigation system in which sprinkler set positions are nominally fixed by a supply pipeline, a hydrant, infield
access or other infrastructure constraints
EXAMPLES Hand-move system, wheel-move system.
2.28
moving sheet
sheet spray which moves in a linear fashion or which rotates
2.29
no-variation sprinkler systems
sprinkler systems that operate on mechanically controlled repeatable cycles
2.30
no-statistical-variation sprinkler systems
sprinkler systems that operate without fixed mechanical control, but that produce statistically repeatable results
2.31
nominal size
numerical designation used to refer to the size of a sprinkler which is identical to the nominal diameter of a pipe
to which the sprinkler is intended to be connected directly
2.32
nozzle
aperture or adjutage in a sprinkler through which water is discharged
2.33
off-axis-bore nozzle
nozzle in which the orifice centreline does not correspond to the nozzle centreline
2.34
open vane nozzle
nozzle with flow conditioning vanes that are designed to shed waterborne contaminants
2.35
opposed reaction-force driven sprinkling device
balanced reaction-force driven sprinkling device
sprinkling device driven by hydraulic reaction forces from more than one jet acting in opposite directions such
that the rotational torque is balanced to provide speed control and rotational stability
2.36
pop up/pop down mechanism
mechanism within the sprinkler that automatically raises the nozzle height to improve crop clearance when the
system is pressurized and automatically lowers the nozzle to the original position when the system is de-pressurized
2.37
ring orifice
disk orifice
aperture in a ring or disk placed in the nozzle of a sprinkler normal to the direction of flow
NOTE The ring or disk is readily replaceable to allow for change in the hydraulic performance of the sprinkler.
2.38
rotating sprinkler
device which by its rotating motion around its vertical axis distributes water over a circular area or part of a
circular area
2.39
sheet spray
water spread out into a flat plane-like spray
EXAMPLE Spray that results when water impinges on a deflector plate.
2.40
space-filling fog spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a “cloud” of ultra-fine droplets the size of which may be specified
usually for the purpose of crop cooling
2.41
space-filling mist spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a “cloud” of very fine droplets the size range of which may be specified
2.42
space-filling rain spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a volume of relatively medium to coarse drops the size range of
which may be specified
2.43
space-filling spray
emission from an orifice which fills the air with a “cloud” of relatively fine droplets the size range of which
may be specified
2.44
space-filling spray combination sprinkler
sprinkling device combining a number of space filling spray types
2.45
adjustable-speed sprinkler
sprinkler that provides mechanically adjustable speed control features
4 © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

2.46
splash re-direct mechanism
tube or deflection device mounted on an arm driven sprinkler to re-direct the drive action portion of jet in a
direction generally parallel to the main jet
2.47
sprinkler
water distribution device of a variety of sizes and types for example impact sprinklers, fixed nozzle, sprayers
and irrigation guns
2.48
spray
release of water from a sprinkler
2.49
stationary fixed-grid system
irrigation system in which sprinkler set positions are rigidly fixed by semi-permanent or permanently installed
lateral pipelines
EXAMPLE Portable solid-set irrigation system, buried irrigation system.
2.50
straight-bore nozzle
nozzle utilizing a cylindrical cross-section approaching the orifice, normally no vena contracta is associated
with this design
2.51
taper-bore nozzle
nozzle utilizing a conical section approaching the orifice
2.52
trajectory angle
angle above the horizontal plane of the water stream or spray discharged from a sprinkler nozzle or a sprayer
operating at test pressure
2.53
trajectory angle change mechanism
mechanism that automatically changes the trajectory angle during operation
2.54
valve-in-head
valve mechanism fabricated as an integral part of the sprinkler that adds features independent of the sprinkling
operation, to control flow rate
2.55
variable-cycle sprinkler
sprinkler that operates on fixed mechanically controlled repeatable sequences
NOTE Sequences consist of a number of cycles exhibiting one set of hydraulic pro
...