ISO 7054:2024

International
Standard
ISO 7054
First edition
Corrosion of metals and alloys —
2024-10
Wiping method for measurements
of gases and particles on real
structures and equipment
Corrosion des métaux et alliages — Méthodes d’essuyage pour
mesurage des gaz et des particules sur structures et équipements
en conditions réelles
Reference number
© ISO 2024
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Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Introduction of general wiping method . 2
5 Preparation . 3
6 Wiping procedure . 5
6.1 General .5
6.2 Wiping .6
6.3 Cautions for wiping .8
6.4 Extraction .8
7 Analysis . . 9
7.1 Soluble deposition concentration measurement method by detector tube .9
7.2 Soluble deposition concentration measurement method by ion chromatography .10
7.3 Soluble deposition concentration measurement method by other analysis devices .10
7.4 Insoluble deposition concentration measurement methods .10
8 Expression of results . 10
8.1 Units of soluble and insoluble deposition concentrations .10
8.2 Expression of soluble deposition concentration result .10
8.3 Expression of insoluble deposition concentration result .11
9 Test report .11
Annex A (informative) Example of deposition measurement of different parts of real steel
structure . .13
Annex B (informative) Example of deposition measurement of real steel structures at different
sites by season .15
Bibliography . 17

iii
Foreword
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iv
Introduction
Airborne salts, gases and particles deposited on structures and equipment are corrosion and/or degradation
factors for metals, alloys and organic materials. Information on the surfaces of these substances is useful for
understanding the corrosion conditions or degradation mechanism, the remaining life of these materials
and the corrosivity of the environment. The wiping method outlined in this document is an example of a
measurement method used to determine the types and concentrations of depositions on real structures and
equipment.
Depositions related to corrosion and degradation are classified as soluble and insoluble materials.
Soluble depositions collect moisture and retain a thin layer of water on their surfaces. Prolonged wetness
accelerates corrosion and degradation because the thin layer of water contains soluble depositions with a
high concentration of electrolytes.
Various methods for collecting airborne gases and particles are widely used to categorize corrosivity.
However, for example, the accumulation method described in ISO 9225 requires considerable time (over
a year), sampling is conducted every month and a kit consisting of clean gauze and a frame is needed to
obtain reliable data. The wiping method described in this document is also widely used in all industries,
and is a quick, low-cost method to determine the specifications of materials and coatings, the intervals for
maintenance and replacement and the progress of corrosion and degradation. Despite these advantages,
procedures for deposition sampling and measurement have not yet been established, and measures to
prevent contamination and improve measurement quality are also needed to conduct appropriate corrosion
and degradation checks.
The deposition concentration obtained by the wiping method is useful for environmental management
because it provides information for prioritising environmental degradation factors. Many instantaneous
values are used for the deposition concentration, which is expressed by a mass per unit area without a time
component.
v
International Standard ISO 7054:2024(en)
Corrosion of metals and alloys — Wiping method for
measurements of gases and particles on real structures and
equipment
1 Scope
This document specifies a method for evaluating depositions on real structures and equipment by wiping.
Depositions become corrosion and/or degradation factors for metals, alloys and organic materials, and can
be analysed quantitatively to control the corrosion and degradation of real structures and equipment.
The method specified in this document is suitable for evaluating the type and amounts of depositions on
real structures and equipment in all industries. This method identifies the type of depositions and gives
instantaneous values of the concentrations of water-soluble and insoluble depositions, which are expressed
by mass per area without a time component. These values provide information on environmental factors
related to corrosion and degradation. The method can be used to detect water-soluble depositions, including
chloride ion, sulfate ion and other ions, and can assist users in understanding the synergistic and antagonistic
effects that accelerate corrosion.
This document is applicable to:
— metals and their alloys;
— metallic coatings;
— organic coatings;
— concretes and other structural materials.
The method for determining chloride on clean surfaces, which ensures the cleanness of steel substrates after
surface preparation such as grinding, polishing, cleaning and rinsing and before the application of paints, is
given in ISO 8502-2, ISO 8502-5, ISO 8502-6 and ISO 8502-9.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8044, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Basic terms and definitions
ISO 9225, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Measurement of environmental
parameters affecting corrosivity of atmospheres
ISO 11844-1, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres — Part 1:
Determination and estimation of indoor corrosivity
ISO 11844-2, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres — Part 2:
Determination of corrosion attack in indoor atmospheres
ISO 11844-3, Corrosion of metals and alloys — Classification of low corrosivity of indoor atmospheres — Part 3:
Measurement of environmental parameters affecting indoor corrosivity
ISO 7503-1, Measurement of radioactivity — Measurement and evaluation of surface contamination — Part 1:
General principles
ISO 8502-2, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 2: Laboratory determination of chloride on cleaned surfaces
ISO 8502-5, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 5: Measurement of chloride on steel surfaces prepared for painting (ion
detection tube method)
ISO 8502-6, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 6: Extraction of water soluble contaminants for analysis (Bresle method)
ISO 8502-9, Preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products — Tests for the
assessment of surface cleanliness — Part 9: Field method for the conductometric determination of water-soluble salts
ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use — Specification and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 8044, ISO 9225, ISO 11844-1,
ISO 11844-2, ISO 11844-3, ISO 7503-1, ISO 8502-2, ISO 8502-5, ISO 8502-6, ISO 8502-9 and ISO 3696 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Introduction of general wiping method
Depositions can be sampled by using the wiping method. The wiping method entails wiping not only the
surfaces of metals and alloys, but also organic materials and paint systems of structures and equipment
exposed to atmospheric conditions. The concentration of the depositions can also be determined by
this method. This document applies to the measurement of gases and particles that affect corrosion and
degradation of the surfaces of materials. The concentrations of the soluble and insoluble depositions are
expressed by mass per unit area, and the time component is not considered. The risks of corrosion in
metals and alloys and the risks of degradation in organic materials can be determined by comparing the
concentration of depositions on various parts of the structures and equipment, or at various sites where
structures and equipment are located. The wiping method is a powerful, low-cost and easy-to-use method
for capturing soluble and insoluble depositions that does not require a fixed time exposures or exchanges of
the sampling medium.
The wiping method provides information on the types and concentrations of corrosive chemical depositions.
This helps users:
— understand the corrosion of metals and alloys and the degradation of organic materials;
— understand the synergistic and antagonistic effects of environmental degradation agents;
— find better maintenance methods and exchange maintenance cycles for real structures and equipment;
— perform environmental assessments and determine appropriate specifications for construction.
The wiping method can be used widely to measure depositions on various organic and inorganic materials
with different surface roughness and water repellency. It is also applicable to various oxides of metals and
alloys. The advantages of the wiping method include the following:
a) it applies to hydrophobic materials, hydrophilic materials and heavily-corroded rusty surfaces, which
have different deposition efficiencies from polished surfaces of metals and alloys;
b) it provides instantaneous values for the concentration of depositions, which is useful for:
— maintaining structures and equipment;

— maintaining certain components such as bridges, solar cells, electric parts, electronic components,
circuit boards, insulators and paint surfaces;
— making decisions on the appropriate times to start and finish the wash cycle;
— conducting an environmental assessment when making quick decisions about constructions and
specifications;
-
— evaluating the penetration of Cl into the surfaces of concrete structures and ceramics;
— conducting environmental assessments for quick decisions on construction and specification;
-
— evaluating Cl penetration into concrete structures and ceramics.
5 Preparation
The tools used in the wiping method should be cleaned with boiling water and then rinsed with either
distilled, pure or deionized water. The tools include:
a) any one of the following:
— one to three pieces of gauze for one part of wiping with the following dimensions: 100 mm to 500 mm ×
100 mm to 500 mm;
— one to three pieces of cotton for one part of wiping with the following mass: 1 g to 10 g;
— one to three pieces of sponge for one part of wiping with the following dimensions: 100 mm to 300 mm
× 100 mm to 300 mm × 10 mm to 30 mm.
b) cleaned gloves or tweezers (to handle the gauze, cotton or sponge);
c) cleaned square or rectangle frame for the determination of the wiping area.
The frames are made from plastic, metals and alloys, or using a magnet. Double-sided tape can be used to
adhere the frame to the structure and equipment. Masking tape with a width of 5 mm to 20 mm can be
used for the determination of the wiping area instead of the frame as shown in Figure 1. The four pieces of
masking tape can outline a square or rectangle shape for the wiping area on a rough surface. The frames,
which can be made and cleaned in advance, ensure the wiping area remains the same. Alternatively, a
marker can be used to draw a square or rectangle to define the wiping area as shown in Figure 1. The square
is drawn using a ruler or set square to ensure the wiping area remains the same. The dimensions for wiping
shown in Figure 2 are as follows:
— The wiping area is 10 mm to 500 mm by 10 mm to 500 mm.
— The minimum wiping area, S , is 100 mm as shown in Figure 2 a).
min
— The maximum wiping area, S , is 250 000 mm as shown in Figure 2 c).
max
The deposition on a real steel structure or a piece of equipment is wiped using a clean, wet gauze, cotton or
sponge as follows:
1) 10 ml to 50 ml of distilled, pure or deionized water, such as Grade 2 water (see ISO 3696) with an
-1
electrical conductivity of 0,1 mS m per wiping area, which is applied to the wet gauze, cotton or sponge
before wiping.
2) Plastic storage bags are prepared to hold the wet gauze, cotton or sponge before and after wiping.
3) An example of the determination of wiping areas is shown Figure 3. Three wiping areas are determined
at random to evaluate the average or median deposition concentration on a steel structure as shown in
Figure 3 a) or on an equipment as shown in Figure 3 b).

4) After wiping, the gauze, cotton or sponge should be put in a plastic storage bag with labels indicating the
date, location, position of wiping, wiped area, the weather and surface conditions of the steel structure
or the equipment.
5) 100 ml to 500 ml of distilled, pure or deionized water for one wiping area to extract the deposition from
the wet gauze, cotton or sponge after wiping.
b) Wiping area defined using a
a) Wiping area defined using magnetic frame, frame affixed c) Wiping area defined by line
masking tape with double-sided tape or frame drawn using marker
held with hand wearing glove
Key
1 masking tape
2 sheet frame
3 clean glove
4 marker
5 line drawn using marker
Figure 1 — Masking tape, frames and line drawn with marker to define the wiping area
b) Minimum square wiping area
c) Maximum square wiping area
a) Rectangle wiping area defined defined using a magnetic frame
defined by line drawn using mark-
using masking tape or frame affixed with dou-
er
ble-sided tape
Key
1 vertical length of wiping area, 10−500 mm
2 horizontal length of wiping area, 10−500 mm
3 masking tape
4 equal vertical and horizontal lengths of minimum wiping area, 10 mm
5 sheet frame
6 equal vertical and horizontal lengths of maximum wiping area, 500 mm
7 line drawn using marker
Figure 2 — Dimension of the wiping area

a) Deposition concentration measurement on the b) Deposition concentration measurement on
steel structure to evaluate the average or median the equipment to evaluate the average or median
value value
Key
1 angle-type steel member
wiping areas on a steel structure: at least three parts selected at random can be wiped to evaluate the average or
median deposition concentration on the structure
3 body of equipment
wiping areas on a piece of equipment: at least three areas selected at random can be wiped to evaluate the average
or median deposition concentration on the equipment
Figure 3 — Example of determination of wiping areas on a real structure and real equipment
6 Wiping procedure
6.1 General
The wiping method is composed of three main steps: wiping, extraction of the deposition and analysis. A
flowchart of the wiping method is shown in Figure 4. All tools should be cleaned before wiping to prevent
contamination. A specific subject area is wiped to obtain data on the mass of the deposition per unit area.
Th
...