ISO/IEC 15962:2004

INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC
STANDARD 15962
First edition
2004-10-15


Information technology — Radio
frequency identification (RFID) for item
management — Data protocol: data
encoding rules and logical memory
functions
Technologies de l'information — Identification par radiofréquence
(RFID) pour la gestion d'objets — Protocole de données: règles
d'encodage des données et fonctions logiques de mémoire





Reference number
ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
©
ISO/IEC 2004

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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
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©  ISO/IEC 2004
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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword.vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms.2
3.1 Terms and definitions.2
3.2 Abbreviated terms.4
4 Protocol model.4
4.1 Overview.4
4.2 Layered protocol.5
4.3 Functional processes.6
5 Data structure.8
5.1.1 The 8-bit byte.8
5.1.2 N-bit encoding.8
6 Data Protocol Processor and the application interface.8
6.1 Processing transfers from ISO/IEC 15961.9
6.2 Universal Types.9
6.3 Length encoding and decoding.10
6.4 Decoding of Type values.10
6.4.1 Decoding of a BOOLEAN value .10
6.4.2 Decoding an INTEGER value .10
6.4.3 Decoding an OBJECT IDENTIFIER value.11
6.4.4 Decoding the OCTET STRING value .11
6.4.5 Decoding the SEQUENCE or SEQUENCE OF value.11
7 Data Protocol Processor and the air interface.12
7.1 Air interface services.12
7.2 Defining the system information .13
7.2.1 Tag Identifier.13
7.2.2 Physical block size.14
7.2.3 Number of blocks.14
7.2.4 Application Family Identifier.14
7.2.5 Storage Format.14
7.3 Configuring the Logical Memory.15
7.3.1 Non- directory structure of the Logical Memory .15
7.3.2 Directory structure of the Logical Memory .16
7.3.3 Self mapping RF tags .16
8 Data flows and processes.17
8.1 Application data.17
8.1.1 Processing data transferred from ISO/IEC 15961.17
8.1.2 Processing example.18
8.2 Data object processing.19
8.2.1 Compaction process.19
8.2.2 Compaction Schemes.20
8.2.3 Compaction Type codes.21
8.2.4 Encoding the length of the compacted object.21
8.2.5 Example of encoding for the Logical Memory after compaction.21
8.3 Data formatting.22
8.3.1 Data Formatter Functions .22
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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
8.3.2 Formatting the objectId . 23
8.3.3 The Precursor for dataFormat not equal 2 . 24
8.3.4 The Precursor for the root-OID for dataFormat = 2 .24
8.3.5 Encoding the RELATIVE-OID . 24
8.3.6 Encoding the OBJECT IDENTIFIER. 26
8.3.7 Encoding the root-OID for dataFormat = rootOidEncoded (2). 26
8.3.8 Encoding the object and its length. 27
8.3.9 The offset byte. 27
8.3.10 The Precursor expansion byte. 27
8.3.11 The directory structure . 27
8.3.12 Addressing from the directory. 28
8.3.13 Structures of Logical Memory. 28
8.4 Decoding the Logical Memory . 28
8.4.1 Overall decode strategy. 28
8.4.2 Decoding the storageFormat . 28
8.4.3 Decoding the Precursor. 29
8.4.4 Decoding the leading byte(s) of the encoded objectId. 30
9 The Command / Response unit. 31
9.1 Commands. 31
9.1.1 Configure Application Family Identifier command. 31
9.1.2 Configure Storage Format command. 31
9.1.3 Inventory Tags command. 32
9.1.4 Add Single Object command . 32
9.1.5 Delete Object command . 32
9.1.6 Modify Object command. 32
9.1.7 Read Single Object command. 33
9.1.8 Read ObjectIds command . 33
9.1.9 Read All Objects command. 34
9.1.10 Read Logical Memory Map command. 34
9.1.11 Inventory And Read Objects command . 34
9.1.12 Erase Memory command. 35
9.1.13 Get Application-based System Information command . 35
9.1.14 Add Multiple Objects command. 35
9.1.15 Read Multiple Objects command. 35
9.1.16 Read First Object command. 36
9.2 Processing arguments. 36
9.2.1 afiLock. 36
9.2.2 avoidDuplicate. 36
9.2.3 checkDuplicate. 37
9.2.4 identifyMethod and numberOfTags. 37
9.2.5 lockStatus. 38
9.2.6 maxAppLength. 38
9.2.7 objectLock. 38
9.2.8 storageFormatLock. 38
9.3 Completion codes. 39
9.4 Execution codes. 40
10 Communications between the Data Protocol and the RF tag. 41
11 Compliance, or classes of compliance, to this International Standard. 41
11.1 Compliance of the Data Protocol Processor . 41
11.2 Compliance of the Tag Driver . 41
Annex A (normative) Pro Forma Description for the Tag Driver . 42
A.1 Defining the tagId . 42
A.2 System information : applicationFamilyId. 42
A.3 System information : storageFormat . 42
A.4 Memory-related parameters. 42
A.5 Support for commands. 43
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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
Annex B (normative) ISO/IEC 18000 Tag Driver Descriptions .44
B.1 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-2: Parameters for Air Interface Communications below 135
kHz.44
B.2 Tag Driver for Mode 1 of ISO/IEC 18000-3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications
at 13,56 MHz.45
B.3 Tag Driver for Mode 2 of ISO/IEC 18000-3: Parameters for Air Interface Communications
at 13,56 MHz.46
B.4 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-4: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at
2,45 GHz - Mode 1 .47
B.5 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-4: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at
2,45 GHz - Mode 2 .48
B.6 Tag Driver for ISO/IEC 18000-6: Parameters for Air Interface Communications at 860 MHz
to 960 MHz .49
Annex C (normative) Data Compaction Schemes.51
C.1 Integer compaction.51
C.2 Numeric compaction.51
C.3 5-bit compaction.52
C.4 6-bit compaction.52
C.5 7-bit compaction.53
C.6 Octet encodation.54
Annex D (normative) ISO/IEC 646 Characters Supported by the Compaction Schemes .55
Annex E (informative) Encoding Example .59
E.1 Starting position.59
E.2 The initial state of the entry for the Logical Memory .59
E.3 The Logical Memory after data compaction.59
E.4 The Logical Memory after formatting with a noDirectory accessMethod.60
Annex F (informative) Logical Memory Structures .62
F.1 Notation.62
F.2 Non-directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID implicitly encoded.62
F.3 Non-directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID explicitly encoded.63
F.4 Directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID implicitly encoded .63
F.5 Directory structured Logical Memory with root-OID explicitly encoded.63


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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) and IEC (the International Electrotechnical
Commission) form the specialized system for worldwide standardization. National bodies that are members of
ISO or IEC participate in the development of International Standards through technical committees
established by the respective organization to deal with particular fields of technical activity. ISO and IEC
technical committees collaborate in fields of mutual interest. Other international organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO and IEC, also take part in the work. In the field of information
technology, ISO and IEC have established a joint technical committee, ISO/IEC JTC 1.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of the joint technical committee is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the joint technical committee are circulated to national bodies for voting. Publication as
an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the national bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO and IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/IEC 15962 was prepared by Joint Technical Committee ISO/IEC JTC 1, Information technology,
Subcommittee SC 31, Automatic identification and data capture techniques.
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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
Introduction
The technology of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is based on non-contact electronic communication
across an air interface. The structure of the bits stored on the memory of the RF tag is invisible and
accessible between the RF tag and the interrogator only by the use of the appropriate air interface protocol, as
specified in the different ISO/IEC 18000 parts. The transfer of data between the application and the
interrogator in open systems requires data to be presented in a consistent manner on any RF tag that is part
of that open system. Functional commands from the application and responses from the interrogator also
require being processed in a standard way. This is not only to allow equipment to be interoperable, but in the
special case of data carrier, for the data to be encoded on the RF tag in one systems implementation for it to
be read at a later time in a completely different and unknown systems implementation. The data bits stored
on each RF tag must be formatted in such a way as to be reliably read at the point of use if the RF tag is to
fulfil its basic objective. The integrity of this is achieved through the use of a data protocol as specified in
ISO/IEC 15961 and this International Standard.
Manufacturers of radio frequency identification equipment (interrogators, RF tags, etc) and the users of RFID
technology require a publicly available data protocol for RFID for item management. ISO/IEC 15961 and this
International Standard specify this data protocol, which is independent of any of the air interface standards
defined in the various parts of ISO/IEC 18000. As such, the data protocol is a consistent component in the
RFID system that may independently evolve to include additional air interface protocols
The transfer of data to and from the application, supported by appropriate commands is the subject of the
companion standard: ISO/IEC 15961. This International Standard specifies the overall process and the
methodologies developed to format the application data into a structure to store on the RF tag.


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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)

Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID)
for item management — Data protocol: data encoding rules and
logical memory functions
1 Scope
The data protocol used to exchange information in an RFID system for item management is specified in
ISO/IEC 15961 and in this International Standard. Both International Standards are required for a complete
understanding of the data protocol in its entirety; but each focuses on one particular interface:
• ISO/IEC 15961 addresses the interface with the application system.
• This International Standard deals with the processing of data and its presentation to the RF tag, and
the initial processing of data captured from the RF tag.
This International Standard focuses on encoding the transfer syntax, as defined in ISO/IEC 15961 according
to the application commands defined in that International Standard. The encodation is in a Logical Memory as
a software analogue of the physical memory of the RF tag being addressed by the interrogator.
This International Standard
• defines the encoded structure of object identifiers;
• specifies the data compaction rules that apply to the encoded data;
• specifies a Precursor for encoding syntax features efficiently;
• specifies formatting rules for the data, e.g. depending on whether a directory is used or not;
• defines how application commands, e.g. to lock data, are transferred to the Tag Driver;
• defines other communication to the application.
NOTE Conventionally in International Standards, long numbers are separated by a space character as a "thousands
separator". This convention has not been followed in this International Standard, because the arcs of an object identifier
are defined by a space separator (according to ISO/IEC 8824 and ISO/IEC 8825). As the correct representation of these
arcs is vital to this International Standard, all numeric values have no space separators except to denote a node between
two arcs of an object identifier.
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ISO/IEC 15962:2004(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8824-1, Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1) — Specification of basic
notation (equivalent to ITU-T Recommendation X.680)
ISO/IEC 8825-1, Information technology — ASN.1 encoding rules — Specification of Basic Encoding Rules
(BER), Canonical Encoding Rules (CER) and Distinguished Encoding Rules (DER) (equivalent to ITU-T
Recommendation X.690)
ISO/IEC 15961:2004, Information technology — Radio frequency identification (RFID) for item
management — Data protocol: application interface
ISO/IEC 18000 (all parts), Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management
ISO/IEC 19762-1, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
1)
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 1: General terms for AIDC
ISO/IEC 19762-3, Information technology — Automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) techniques —
1)
Harmonized vocabulary — Part 3: Radio frequency identification (RFID)
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC 19762-1, ISO/IEC 19762-3 and
the following apply.
NOTE For terms defined below and in ISO/IEC 19762-1 or ISO/IEC 19762-3, the definitions given below apply.
3.1.1 Application commands
The instruction issued from the application to the Data Protocol Processor in order to initiate an action or
operation with the RF tag(s) via the interrogator.
3.1.2 Application memory
The area of the RF tag available for storing data written to it. Sometimes known as user memory.
3.1.3 Arc
A specific branch of an object identifier tree, with new arcs added as required to define a particular object.
The top three arcs of all obje
...