Cavitation pitting evaluation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines

Serves as a basis for the formulation of guarantees applying to cavitation pitting, and also for the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified parts of a given machine.

Evaluation de l'érosion de cavitation dans les turbines, les pompes d'accumulation et les pompes-turbines hydrauliques

Sert de base à la formulation des garanties s'appliquant à l'érosion de cavitation et, d'autre part, à la mesure et à l'évaluation de l'extension de l'érosion de cavitation sur certaines parties spécifiées d'une machine donnée.

Ovrednotenje kavitacijskih razjed vodnih turbin, akumulacijskih črpalk in črpalnih turbin

General Information

Status: Replaced
Publication Date: 31-Dec-1977

ICS: 23.100.10 - Pumps and motors

Technical Committee: TC 4 - Hydraulic turbines

Current Stage: DELPUB - Deleted Publication
Start Date: 24-Nov-2004
Completion Date: 13-Feb-2026

Ref Project: SIST IEC 60609:1999 - Cavitation pitting evaluation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines

Relations

Replaced By: IEC 60609-1:2004 - Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Cavitation pitting evaluation - Part 1: Evaluation in reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines
Effective Date: 05-Sep-2023

Standard

IEC 60609:1999

English language

16 pages

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is IEC 60609:1978?

IEC 60609:1978 is a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Its full title is "Cavitation pitting evaluation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines". This standard covers: Serves as a basis for the formulation of guarantees applying to cavitation pitting, and also for the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified parts of a given machine.

What is the scope of IEC 60609:1978?

What ICS categories does IEC 60609:1978 belong to?

IEC 60609:1978 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.100.10 - Pumps and motors. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

What standards are related to IEC 60609:1978?

IEC 60609:1978 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to IEC 60609-1:2004. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

How can I access IEC 60609:1978?

IEC 60609:1978 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)

IEC 60609:1999

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-1999
2YUHGQRWHQMHNDYLWDFLMVNLKUD]MHGYRGQLKWXUELQDNXPXODFLMVNLKþUSDONLQþUSDOQLK
WXUELQ
Cavitation pitting evaluation in hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines
Evaluation de l'érosion de cavitation dans les turbines, les pompes d'accumulation et les
pompes-turbines hydrauliques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: IEC 60609 Ed. 1.0
ICS:
27.140 Vodna energija Hydraulic energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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IEC

IEC 60545:2021(Main)

Guidelines for commissioning and operation of hydraulic turbines, pump-turbines and storage pumps

The purpose of IEC 60545:2021 is to establish, in a general way, suitable procedures for commissioning and operation of hydraulic machines and associated equipment, and to indicate how such machines and equipment should be commissioned and operated. Commissioning and operation of the associated equipment are not described in detail in this document but is considered in the commissioning and operation procedure as a separate step. Machines of up to about 15 MW and reference diameters of about 3 m are generally covered by IEC 62006. It is understood that a guideline of this type will be binding only if the contracting parties have agreed upon it. The guidelines exclude matters of purely commercial interest, except those inextricably connected with the conduct of commissioning and operation. The guidelines are not concerned with waterways, gates, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, motor-generators, electrical equipment (e.g. circuit breakers, transformers) etc., except where they cannot be separated from the hydraulic machinery and its equipment. Wherever the guidelines specify that documents, drawings or information are supplied by a supplier (or by suppliers), each individual supplier should furnish the appropriate information for its own supply only. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1976 and the first edition of IEC 60805 published in 1985. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the focus is on the commissioning and operation of the hydraulic machine. Interfaces to the electric machine are mentioned only for a better understanding of the context;
b) the definitions of tests for commissioning and adjustable speed are updated to state of the art;
c) the record sheets ‘measurements during erection’ are excluded (see IEC 63132 (all parts));
d) the maintenance is excluded (see IEC 62256).

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IEC 62364:2019(Main)

Hydraulic machines - Guidelines for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis and Pelton turbines

IEC 62364:2019 gives guidelines for:
a) presenting data on hydro-abrasive erosion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites;
b) developing guidelines for the methods of minimizing hydro-abrasive erosion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include details such as hydraulic profile shapes which are determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
c) developing guidelines based on “experience data” concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with hydro-abrasive erosion problems;
d) developing guidelines concerning the maintainability of materials with high resistance to hydro-abrasive erosion and hardcoatings;
e) developing guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers;
f) developing guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life.
It is assumed in this document that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. It is assumed in this document that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion can reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus hydro-abrasive erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting hydro-abrasive erosion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this document to assess it, except to suggest that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water can impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage can in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and hydro-abrasive erosion. Hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this document to address these issues. This document focuses mainly on hydroelectric powerplant equipment. Certain portions can also be applicable to other hydraulic machines. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the formula for TBO in Pelton reference model has been modified;
b) the formula for calculating sampling interval has been modified;
c) the chapter in hydro-abrasive erosion resistant coatings has been substantially modified;
d) the annex with test data for hydro-abrasive erosion resistant materials has been removed;
e) a simplified hydro-abrasive erosion evaluation has been added.
Key words: Hydraulic Machines, Hydro-Abrasive Erosion, Kaplan, Francis, Pelton Turbines.

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IEC 62364:2013(Main)

Hydraulic machines - Guide for dealing with hydro-abrasive erosion in Kaplan, Francis and Pelton turbines

IEC 62364:2013 serves to present data on particle abrasion rates on several combinations of water quality, operating conditions, component materials, and component properties collected from a variety of hydro sites; develop guidelines for the methods of minimizing particle abrasion by modifications to hydraulic design for clean water. These guidelines do not include:
- details such as hydraulic profile shapes which should be determined by the hydraulic design experts for a given site;
- develop guidelines based on "experience data" concerning the relative resistance of materials faced with particle abrasion problems;
- develop guidelines concerning the maintainability of abrasion resistant materials and hard facing coatings;
- develop guidelines on a recommended approach, which owners could and should take to ensure that specifications communicate the need for particular attention to this aspect of hydraulic design at their sites without establishing criteria which cannot be satisfied because the means are beyond the control of the manufacturers
- and develop guidelines concerning operation mode of the hydro turbines in water with particle materials to increase the operation life. It is assumed that the water is not chemically aggressive. Since chemical aggressiveness is dependent upon so many possible chemical compositions, and the materials of the machine, it is beyond the scope of this Guide to address these issues. It is assumed that cavitation is not present in the turbine. Cavitation and abrasion may reinforce each other so that the resulting erosion is larger than the sum of cavitation erosion plus abrasion erosion. The quantitative relationship of the resulting abrasion is not known and it is beyond the scope of this guide to assess it, except to recommend that special efforts be made in the turbine design phase to minimize cavitation. Large solids (e.g. stones, wood, ice, metal objects, etc.) traveling with the water may impact turbine components and produce damage. This damage may in turn increase the flow turbulence thereby accelerating wear by both cavitation and abrasion. Abrasion resistant coatings can also be damaged locally by impact of large solids. It is beyond the scope of this Guide to address these issues. Key words: hydraulic, turbines, hydro-abrasive erosion

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IEC 60609-1:2004(Main)

Hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines - Cavitation pitting evaluation - Part 1: Evaluation in reaction turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines

IEC 60609-1:2004 provides a basis for the formulation of guarantees applied to cavitation pitting for reaction hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbines. It addresses the measurement and evaluation of the amount of cavitation pitting on certain specified machine components for given conditions, which are defined in the contract by output, specific hydraulic energy (E), speed, material, operation, etc. The cavitation-pitting evaluation is based on the loss of material during a given time and under accurately defined operating conditions. All wetted surfaces are considered

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Amendment 2 - Electric cables - Calculation of the current rating - Part 1: Current rating equations (100% load factor) and calculation of losses - Section 1: General

SIST IEC 60545:1999

Establishes suitable procedures for commissioning, operating and maintaining hydraulic turbines and associated equipment. Applies to impulse and reaction turbines of all types, and especially to large turbines directly coupled to electric generators. Also applies to pump-turbines when operating as turbines, and water conduits, gates, valves, drainage pumps, cooling-water equipment, generators, etc., where they cannot be separated from the turbine and its equipment.

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IEC TS 61851-27:2026, in combination with IEC 61851-1 or IEC 61851-23, gives the requirements for EV supply equipment with automatic docking and undocking functions (aEVSE) of a vehicle coupler according to IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1 for power transfer with electrically propelled road vehicles according to ISO TS 5474-5.
Use of aEVSE with the megawatt charging system is under consideration.
This document provides requirements for aEVSE with a single vehicle connector.
Requirements for aEVSE with more than one vehicle connector are under consideration.
This document only applies to aEVSE with automatic couplers of category 1: using vehicle couplers defined by IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1.
This document only specifies automatic conductive energy transfer using a vehicle connector and a vehicle inlet; it does not specify automatic conductive power transfer using a plug and a socket-outlet.
This document does not apply to aEVSE with automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface defined by EN 50696.
This document does not apply to aEVSE with automatic coupler of category 3 (see IEC TS 61851-26).
EMC requirements for EV supply equipment are defined in IEC 61851-21-2.
Interoperable communication for docking and undocking between an aEVSE and an EV, extending the communication between an EV supply equipment and an EV as specified in IEC 61851-1, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and the ISO 15118 series, is under consideration.
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IEC 63378-6:2026 specifies a thermal resistance and capacitance model for semiconductor packages. This model is named the digital transformation using thermal resistance and capacitance (DXRC) model. It predicts transient temperature at junction and measurement points.
This document applies to semiconductor packages such as TO-252, TO-263, and HSOP. It supports single chip packages dissipated heat from single package surface.

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Use of aEVSE with the megawatt charging system is under consideration.
This document provides requirements for aEVSE with a single vehicle connector or a single socket-outlet.
Requirements for aEVSE with more than one vehicle connector or more than one socket-outlet are under consideration.
This document only applies to automatic couplers of category 3, located at the underbody of an electric vehicle.
This document does not apply to automatic coupler of category 1: using a vehicle coupler defined by IEC 62196-2, IEC 62196-3 or IEC TS 62196-3-1.
This document does not apply to automatic couplers of category 2: using an electro-mechanical interface defined by EN 50696. EN 50696 also specifies automatic couplers located at the underbody of an electric vehicle. However, these couplers only provide DC power transfer.
Interoperable communication for docking and undocking between an aEVSE and an EV, extending the communication between an EV supply equipment and an EV as specified in IEC 61851-1, IEC 61851-23, IEC 61851-24 and the ISO 15118 series, is under consideration.
This document does not cover all safety aspects related to maintenance.

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IEC 61290-1-2:2026 applies to all commercially available optical amplifiers (OAs) and optically amplified sub-systems. It applies to OAs using optically pumped fibres (OFAs based on either rare-earth doped fibres or on the Raman effect), semiconductors (SOAs), and planar optical waveguides (POWAs). This document does not apply to polarization-maintaining optical amplifiers. This document defines uniform requirements for accurate and reliable measurements, by means of the electrical spectrum analyzer test method, of the following OA parameters, as defined in IEC 61291-1, Clause 3:
a) nominal output signal power;
b) gain;
c) reverse gain;
d) maximum gain;
e) polarization-dependent gain.
In addition, this test method provides a means for measuring the following parameters:
- maximum gain wavelength;
- gain wavelength band.
This document specifically covers single-channel amplifiers. For multichannel amplifiers, the IEC 61290-10 series applies.
NOTE 1 The applicability of the test methods described in this document to distributed Raman amplifiers is for further study.
NOTE 2 A test method for polarization-maintaining optical amplifiers is for further study.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of information on the applicability of this document to the scope;
b) harmonization of the scope with the IEC 61290-1 series;
c) addition of safety recommendations to Clause 4 and Clause 5;
d) correction of an error in Clause 7, item e);
e) replacement of the term "wavelength measurement accuracy" with "wavelength accuracy".