CISPR TR 16-4-1:2003

TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-1
First edition
2003-11
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –

Part 4-1:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests

Reference number
CISPR 16-4-1/TR:2003(E)
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TECHNICAL CISPR
REPORT 16-4-1
First edition
2003-11
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus and methods –

Part 4-1:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –
Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests

© IEC 2003 ⎯ Copyright - all rights reserved
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For price, see current catalogue

– 2 – CISPR 16-4-1/TR © IEC:2003(E)

CONTENTS
FOREWORD.3

INTRODUCTION.5

TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS-REFERENCES .8

1 General.9

1.1 Scope.9

1.2 Structure of clauses related to standards compliance uncertainties .9
2 Normative references.10
3 Terms and definitions .11
4 Basic considerations on uncertainties in emission measurements.14
4.1 Introduction.14
4.2 Types of uncertainties in emission measurements .15
4.3 Relation between standards compliance uncertainty and interference
probability .23
4.4 Assessment of uncertainties in a standardized emission measurement .25
4.5 Verification of the uncertainty budget .29
4.6 Reporting of the uncertainty .33
4.7 Application of uncertainties in the compliance criterion.35
5 Basic considerations on uncertainties in immunity testing.38
6 Voltage measurements.38
6.1 Introduction.38
6.2 Voltage measurements (general).38
6.3 Voltage measurements using a voltage probe .42
6.4 Voltage measurement using a V-terminal Artificial Mains Network .43
6.5 Bibliography.50
7 Absorbing clamp measurements .57
8 Radiated emission measurements .57
9 Conducted immunity measurements .57
10 Radiated immunity measurements .57

Annex A (informative) Compliance uncertainty and interference probability.58

A.1 Introduction.58
A.2 Application to radiated emissions, an example .58
A.3 Reducing the compliance uncertainty .59
Annex B (informative) Analysis method of results of an inter-laboratory test .60

Bibliography.61

CISPR 16-4-1/TR © IEC:2003(E) – 3 –

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

____________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND IMMUNITY

MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –

Part 4-1: Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling –

Uncertainties in standardized EMC tests

FOREWORD
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The main task of IEC technical committees is to prepare International Standards. However, a
technical committee may propose the publication of a technical report when it has collected
data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
CISPR 16-4-1, which is a technical report, has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A:
Radio interference measurements and statistical methods.
This first edition of CISPR 16-4-1, together with CISPR 16-4-3, CISPR 16-4-4 and the second
edition of CISPR 16-3, cancels and replaces the first edition of CISPR 16-3, published in
2000, and its amendment 1 (2002). It contains the relevant clauses of CISPR 16-3 without
technical changes.
– 4 – CISPR 16-4-1/TR © IEC:2003(E)

The text of this technical report is based on the first edition of CISPR 16-3 and on the
following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting

CISPR/A/450/DTR CISPR/A/466/RVC

Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the

report on voting indicated in the above table.

This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2004. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
CISPR 16-4-1/TR © IEC:2003(E) – 5 –

INTRODUCTION
CISPR 16-1, CISPR 16-2, CISPR 16-3 and CISPR 16-4 have been reorganised into 14 parts,

to accommodate growth and easier maintenance. The new parts have also been renumbered.

See the list given below.
Old CISPR 16 publications New CISPR 16 publications

CISPR 16-1-1 Measuring apparatus

CISPR 16-1-2 Ancillary equipment – Conducted disturbances
Radio disturbance
and immunity
CISPR 16-1-3 Ancillary equipment – Disturbance power

CISPR 16-1
measuring
apparatus
Ancillary equipment – Radiated disturbances
CISPR 16-1-4
Antenna calibration test sites for 30 MHz to
CISPR 16-1-5
1 000 MHz
CISPR 16-2-1 Conducted disturbance measurements
Methods of
Measurement of disturbance power
CISPR 16-2-2
measurement of
CISPR 16-2
disturbances and
CISPR 16-2-3 Radiated disturbance measurements
immunity
CISPR 16-2-4
Immunity measurements
CISPR 16-3 CISPR technical reports
Uncertainties in standardised EMC tests
CISPR 16-4-1
Reports and
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
CISPR 16-3 recommendations CISPR 16-4-2
of CISPR
Statistical considerations in the
CISPR 16-4-3
determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products
Statistics of complaints and a model for the
Uncertainty in EMC
CISPR 16-4 CISPR 16-4-4
calculation of limits
measurements
More specific information on the relation between the ‘old’ CISPR 16-3 and the present ‘new’
CISPR 16-4-1 is given in the table after this introduction (TABLE RECAPITULATING CROSS
REFERENCES).
Measurement instrumentation specifications are given in five new parts of CISPR 16-1, while
the methods of measurement are covered now in four new parts of CISPR 16-2. Various
reports with further information and background on CISPR and radio disturbances in general
are given in CISPR 16-3. CISPR 16-4 contains information related to uncertainties, statistics
and limit modelling.
CISPR 16-4 consists of the following parts, under the general title Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Uncertainties, statistics and

limit modelling:
• Part 4-1: Uncertainties in standardised EMC tests,
• Part 4-2: Uncertainty in EMC measurements,
• Part 4-3: Statistical considerations in the determination of EMC compliance of mass-
produced products,
• Part 4-4: Statistics of complaints and a model for the calculation of limits.
For practical reasons, standardised EMC
...