IEC 62899-204:2019

IEC 62899-204 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Printed electronics –
Part 204: Materials – Insulator ink – Measurement methods of properties of
insulator inks and printed insulating layers
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IEC 62899-204 ®
Edition 1.0 2019-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Printed electronics –
Part 204: Materials – Insulator ink – Measurement methods of properties of

insulator inks and printed insulating layers

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 31.180; 87.080 ISBN 978-2-8322-6910-7

– 2 – IEC 62899-204:2019  IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Atmospheric conditions for evaluation and conditioning . 8
5 Measurement methods of properties of insulator ink . 8
5.1 General . 8
5.2 Physical properties . 9
5.2.1 Density . 9
5.2.2 Rheology . 9
5.2.3 Surface tension . 10
5.2.4 Flash point . 11
6 Measurement of properties of the insulating layer . 12
6.1 General . 12
6.1.1 Overview . 12
6.1.2 Test methods for insulating layer . 12
6.1.3 Test piece . 12
6.1.4 Substrate . 13
6.1.5 Insulator ink . 13
6.1.6 Dimensions of test piece . 13
6.1.7 Preparation of test piece . 13
6.2 Electrical properties . 13
6.2.1 Volume resistivity . 13
6.2.2 Dielectric constant . 15
6.2.3 Electric strength . 17
6.3 Optical properties . 18
6.3.1 Overview . 18
6.3.2 Luminous transmittance . 18
6.3.3 Chromaticity . 18
6.3.4 Uniformity of colour . 19
6.3.5 Haze . 20
6.3.6 Refractive index . 21
7 Storage . 21
7.1 Storage condition . 21
7.2 Method for measuring deterioration due to storage . 21
7.3 Report of the results . 21
Bibliography . 22

Figure 1 – Calculation of the surface tension of the droplet . 11
Figure 2 – Example of measuring electrodes. 14
Figure 3 – Calculation the dielectric constant . 16

Table 1 – Test methods for insulator ink . 9
Table 2 – Test methods for insulating layer . 12

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 204: Materials – Insulator ink –
Measurement methods of properties of
insulator inks and printed insulating layers

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
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6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62899-204 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 119:
Printed Electronics.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
119/256/FDIS 119/268/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This document has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

– 4 – IEC 62899-204:2019  IEC 2019
A list of all parts in the IEC 62899 series, published under the general title Printed electronics,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
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INTRODUCTION
The IEC 62899 series deals mainly with evaluation methods for materials of printed
electronics. The series also includes storage methods, packaging and marking, and
transportation conditions.
The IEC 62899 series is divided into several parts according to each material. Each part is
prepared as a generic specification containing fundamental information for the area of printing
electronics.
The IEC 62899 series consists of the following parts:
Part 1: Terminology
Part 201: Materials – Substrates
Part 202: Materials – Conductive ink
Part 203: Materials – Semiconductor ink
Part 250: Material technologies required in printed electronics for wearable smart devices
Part 301-X: Equipment – Contact printing – Rigid master
Part 302-X: Equipment – Inkjet
Part 303-X: Equipment – Roll-to-roll printing
Part 401: Printability – Overview
Part 402-X: Printability – Measurement of qualities
Part 403-X: Printability – Requirements for reproducibility
Part 502-X: Quality assessment – Organic light emitting diode (OLED) elements
Furthermore, sectional specifications, blank detail specifications, and detail specifications for
each material will be based on these parts.
This part of IEC 62899 is prepared for insulator materials used in printed electronics and
contains the test conditions, the evaluation methods and the storage conditions.

– 6 – IEC 62899-204:2019  IEC 2019
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 204: Materials – Insulator ink –
Measurement methods of properties of
insulator inks and printed insulating layers

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62899 defines the terms and specifies the standard methods for
characterisation and evaluation.
This document is applicable to insulator inks and printed insulating layers that are made from
insulator inks used for printed electronics. The insulator inks include dielectric inks.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition
cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
IEC 60243 (all parts), Electric strength of insulating materials – Test methods
IEC 62631-2-1, Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating materials – Part 2-1:
Relative permittivity and dissipation factor – Technical frequencies (0,1 Hz to 10 MHz) – AC
methods
IEC 62899-201, Printed electronics – Part 201: Materials – Substrates
ISO 5-2, Photography and graphic technology – Density measurements – Part 2: Geometric
conditions for transmittance density
ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology – Density measurements – Part 3: Spectral
conditions
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 304, Surface active agents – Determination of surface tension by drawing up liquid films
ISO 489, Plastics – Determination of refractive index
ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use – Determination of density at 20 ℃
ISO 1183-1, Plastics – Methods for determining the density of non-cellular plastics – Part 1:
Immersion method, liquid pyknometer method and titration method
ISO 2555, Plastics – Resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions – Determination
of apparent viscosity using a single cylinder type rotational viscometer method
ISO 2592, Petroleum and related products – Determination of flash and fire points –
Cleveland open cup method
ISO 2719, Determination of flash point – Pensky-Martens closed cup method
ISO 2811-1, Paints and varnishes – Determination of density – Part 1: Pycnometer method
ISO 2811-2, Paints and varnishes – Determination of density – Part 2: Immersed body
(plummet) method
ISO 2884-1, Paints and varnishes – Determination of viscosity using rotary viscometers –
Part 1: Cone-and-plate viscometer operated at a high rate of shear
ISO 3219, Plastics – Polymers/resins in the liquid state or as emulsions or dispersions –
Determination of viscosity using a rotational viscometer with defined shear rate
ISO 3664, Graphic technology and photography – Viewing conditions
ISO 3679, Determination of flash no-flash and flash point – Rapid equilibrium closed cup
method
ISO 11664-4, Colorimetry – Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space
ISO 13468-1:1996, Plastics – Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent
materials – Part 1: Single-beam instrument
ISO 13468-2:1999, Plastics – Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent
materials – Part 2: Double-beam instrument
ISO 13655, Graphic technology – Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for
graphic arts images
ISO 14488, Particulate materials – Sampling and sample splitting for the determination of
particulate procedures
ISO 14782, Plastics – Determination of haze for transparent materials
ISO 15212-1, Oscillation-type density meters – Part 1: Laboratory instruments
ISO 19403-1, Paints and varnishes – Wettability – Part 1: Terminology and general principles
ISO 19403-3, Paints and varnishes – Wettability – Part 3: Determination of the surface
tension of liquids using the pendant drop method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
NOTE The terms in italics are those defined in Clause 3.

– 8 – IEC 62899-204:2019  IEC 2019
3.1
insulator material
element of a printing or coating material, which itself is electrically insulating or becomes
electrically insulating by the application of a post treatment such as heating
3.2
insulator ink
fluid in which one or several small molecules, polymers, or particles are dissolved or
dispersed, and which becomes an electrically insulating layer (3.3) by the application of a
post treatment such as heating
3.3
insulating layer
film-like electrically insulating body made of insulator ink (3.2), which is printed or coated on a
substrate, followed as necessary by the application of a post treatment such as heating
3.4
insulator film
substrate (sheet or roll) with insulating layer (3.3)
3.5
solid content
mass fraction of an element which effectively functions as an insulating substance, in
insulator ink (3.2)
3.6
non-volatile content
mass fraction of residue obtained by evaporation of the volatile solvent under specific
conditions, in insulator ink (3.2)
3.7
flash point
lowest liquid temperature at which, under certain standardized conditions, a liquid gives off
vapours in quantity such as to be capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-212:2010, 212-18-05]
4 Atmospheric conditions for evaluation and conditioning
The standard atmosphere for evaluation (test and measurement) and storage of the specimen
shall be a temperature of 23 °C ± 2 °C and relative humidity of (50 ± 10) %, conforming to
standard atmosphere class 2 as specified in ISO 291.
5 Measurement methods of properties of insulator ink
5.1 General
The insulator ink shall be tested by the methods specified in Table.1. Unless there is a prior
agreement between the user and supplier, these test methods shall be applied without
modification. In cases where the test has been modified, the changed condition shall be
described in the report.
Table 1 – Test methods for insulator ink
Items Documents in which each test method is defined
Evaluation of properties of Specimen ISO 14488
insulator ink
Pycnometer method: ISO 758, ISO 1183-1, ISO 2811-1
Density
Oscillation-type method: ISO 15212-1
Immersed body (plummet) method: ISO 2811-2
Rheology ISO 2555 (Brookfield-type rotational viscometer)
ISO 2884-1 (cone-and-plate)
ISO 3219 (rotational viscometer)
Surface tension ISO 304 (Wilhelmy method)
ISO 19403-3 (constitution of the equipment, test method)
ISO 19403-1 (pendant drop method)
ISO 2592 (open system)
Flash point
ISO 2719 (closed system)
ISO 3679 (closed system)
5.2 Physical properties
5.2.1 Density
5.2.1.1 Measuring method
The measuring method shall either be the pycnometer method as specified in ISO 758,
ISO 1183-1 and ISO 2811-1, the method using oscillation-type density meters as specified in
ISO 15212-1, or the immersed body (plummet) method as specified in ISO 2811-2. The
detailed product specifications shall specify the measuring method to be used.
5.2.1.2 Equipment
Equipment shall be as specified in the measuring method (see 5.2.1.1) or shall be equipment
considered equivalent or superior.
5.2.1.3 Report of the results
The report shall include the following:
a) specimen identification;
b) measuring method;
c) measurement atmosphere (temperature and relative humidity);
d) results.
5.2.2 Rheology
5.2.2.1 Measuring method
Viscosity shall be measured using a Brookfield-type rotational viscometer as specified in
ISO 2555, cone-and-plate viscometer as specified in ISO 2884-1, or rotational viscometer as
specified in ISO 3219.
The detailed product specifications shall specify the measuring method and measuring
temperature to be used.
– 10 – IEC 62899-204:2019  IEC 2019
5.2.2.2 Report of the results
The report shall include the following:
a) standard number of the measuring method;
b) specimen identification;
c) measuring temperature;
d) viscometer model;
e) viscosity expressed in millipascal second (mPa·s).
5.2.3 Surface tension
5.2.3.1 Measuring methods for surface tension
Surface tension shall be measured using the drawing up liquid film (Wilhelmy) method as
specified in ISO 304 and the pendant drop method specified in 5.2.3.2.
5.2.3.2 Pendant drop method
5.2.3.2.1 Test equipment
The test equipment is composed of several parts such as a light source, graduated syringe,
and needle. The composition of the equipment is specified in detail in ISO 19403-3.
5.2.3.2.2 Test method
The test method is determined in ISO 19403-3.
5.2.3.2.3
...