IEC 61340-4-8:2014

IEC 61340-4-8 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electrostatics –
Part 4-8: Standard test methods for specific applications – Electrostatic
discharge shielding – Bags
Électrostatique –
Partie 4-8: Méthodes d’essai normalisées pour des applications spécifiques –
Blindage contre les décharges électrostatiques – Sacs

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IEC 61340-4-8 ®
Edition 2.0 2014-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Electrostatics –
Part 4-8: Standard test methods for specific applications – Electrostatic

discharge shielding – Bags
Électrostatique –
Partie 4-8: Méthodes d’essai normalisées pour des applications spécifiques –

Blindage contre les décharges électrostatiques – Sacs

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX M
ICS 17.220.99; 29.020 ISBN 978-2-8322-1925-6

– 2 – IEC 61340-4-8:2014 © IEC 2014
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Required equipment . 7
4.1 ESD simulator . 7
4.2 Waveform verification equipment . 7
4.2.1 General . 7
4.2.2 Oscilloscope . 7
4.2.3 Current probe . 7
4.2.4 High voltage resistor . 7
Capacitive probe . 7
4.3
4.4 Discharge electrode and ground electrode . 7
4.5 Bag size . 7
4.6 Computer/software . 8
4.7 Environmental chamber . 8
5 ESD simulator waveform verification procedure . 8
6 System verification procedure . 8
7 Test procedure including conditioning . 9
8 Reporting. 9
Annex A (informative) Energy calculation program . 13

Figure 1 – ESD simulator . 10
Figure 2 – Parallel plate capacitive probe . 11
Figure 3 – Current waveform through a 500 Ω resistor . 12

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 4-8: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrostatic discharge shielding – Bags

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61340-4-8 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 101:
Electrostatics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2010 and constitutes a
technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) modification to the title to include the word "Electrostatic" before discharge shielding";
b) removal of normative references ANSI/ESD STM5.1 and ASTM D-257-78 and replaced by
normative references IEC 61340-3-1 and IEC 60093;
c) new normative reference to IEC 61340-5-3 added, because the requirement for shielding
bags have been included in this standard;
d) imperial units have been removed.

– 4 – IEC 61340-4-8:2014 © IEC 2014
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
101/448/FDIS 101/456A/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 61340 series, under the general title Electrostatics, can be found
on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
INTRODUCTION
It is the intention of this part of IEC 61340 to provide industry with a common, repeatable
method for testing and determining the electrostatic discharge shielding ability of electrostatic
discharge shielding bags.
This test method describes the use of a single current probe in order to obtain the energy
value inside a bag when tested with a 1 000 V human body model discharge pulse in an ESD
simulator.
The standard addresses important variables such as:
– discharge waveform characteristics;
– capacitive probe capacitance;
– bag size.
– 6 – IEC 61340-4-8:2014 © IEC 2014
ELECTROSTATICS –
Part 4-8: Standard test methods for specific applications –
Electrostatic discharge shielding – Bags

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61340 provides a test method for evaluating the performance of electrostatic
discharge shielding bags tested according to the requirements of IEC 61340-5-3. The design
voltage for the test apparatus is 1 000 V d.c.
The test method presented in this standard can also be applied to packaging other than
shielding bags.
The purpose of this standard is to ensure that testing laboratories who use this test method to
evaluate a given packaging material will obtain similar results.
This standard does not address protection from electromagnetic interference (EMI), radio
frequency interference (RFI), electromagnetic pulsing (EMP) nor protection against volatile
materials.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60093, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid electrical
insulating materials
IEC 61340-3-1, Electrostatics – Part 3-1: Methods for simulation of electrostatic effects –
Human body model (HBM) electrostatic discharge test waveforms
IEC 61340-5-3, Electrostatics – Part 5-3: Protection of electronic devices from electrostatic
phenomena – Properties and requirements classification for packaging intended for
electrostatic discharge sensitive devices
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
electrostatic discharge shield
barrier or enclosure that limits the passage of current and attenuates an electromagnetic field
resulting from an electrostatic discharge
___________
Replacements for IEC 60093 are currently under consideration and have been assigned project numbers in the
IEC 62631-3 series. The relevant project is IEC 62631-3-2, Dielectric and resistive properties of solid insulating
materials – Part 3-2: Determination of resistive properties (DC methods) – Surface resistance and surface
resistivity.
4 Required equipment
4.1 ESD simulator
A basic ESD simulator is shown in Figure 1. This simulator and the resulting waveforms are
taken from IEC 61340-3-1. The equivalent circuit for the simulator consists of a 100 pF
capacitor in series with a 1 500 Ω resistor.
4.2 Waveform verification equipment
4.2.1 General
Equipment capable of verifying the pulse waveforms defined in this part of IEC 61340 shall
include, but is not limited to, a storage oscilloscope, a suitable current probe and a high
voltage resistor.
4.2.2 Oscilloscope
A digital storage oscilloscope capable of a minimum 200 MHz single shot bandwidth and a
minimum sampling rate of 500 mega samples per second.
4.2.3 Current probe
The current probe shall have a minimum frequency response of 200 MHz. Included in the
current probes that meet this requirement are for example a Tektronix CT-1, CT-2 and CT-6 .
The maximum cable length shall be 1 m.
4.2.4 High voltage resistor
The resistor shall be a 500 Ω, ±1 % tolerance, voltage rating at least 2 000 V, low inductance,
sputtered metal film type.
4.3 Capacitive probe
A parallel plate capacitive probe shall be constructed as shown in Figure 2. The capacitance
of the probe shall be 8 pF ±2 pF. The probe capacitance can be verified according to Clause 6,
point c).
The spacer between the plates shall be made of an insulating material such as polycarbonate
or acrylic.
4.4 Discharge electrode and ground electrode
The discharge electrode and the ground electrode shall be 3,8 cm ± 0,025 cm in diameter and
shall be made of a conductive material. The support area that surrounds the ground electrode
shall be 22 cm ± 1,0 cm × 27 cm ± 1,0 cm and have a surface resistance greater than
1 × 10 Ω as measured by IEC 60093.
4.5 Bag size
The bags used for this test shall be 20 cm ±0,5 cm × 25 cm ±0,5 cm with 20 cm being the
open end. The defined bag size relates to the inner dimension of a bag.
___________
The information concerning Tektronix CT-1, CT-2 and CT-6 is given for the convenience of users of this
standard and does not constitute an endorsement by IEC of the product named. Equivalent products may be
used if they can be shown to lead to the same results.

– 8 – IEC 61340-4-8:2014 © IEC 2014
When bags are tested for reasons other than to evaluate performance according to the
requirement of IEC 61340-5-3, it is recommended to compare bags of the same size.
4.6 Computer/software
A computer is recommended to analyse the data that is acquired by the oscilloscope. A
generic description of the analysis system is described in Annex A.
4.7 Environmental chamber
A chamber is required that can meet the following environmental test conditions:
– control humidity to 12 % RH ±3 % RH at a temperature of 23 °C ±2 °C;
– control humidity to 50 % RH ±5 % RH at a temperature of 23 °C ±2 °C.
5 ESD simulator waveform verification procedure
The following procedure shall be used to verify the resistive current (I ) waveform from the
p
ESD simulator:
a) Connect the 500 Ω resistor specified in 4.2.4 to the wiring from the ESD simulator
discharge and ground connections keeping the cabling as short as possible (the cables
used shall be the same as those used to perform the shielding test). Connect the current
probe around the wire end of the resistor which is connected to the ESD simulator ground.
Connect the discharge electrode cable to the tester output and the ground electrode cable
to equipment ground.
NOTE The conductive discharge and ground electrodes are not used for this portion of the test.
b) Connect the current probe to the storage oscilloscope. Set the oscilloscope input
impedance to 50 Ω. (Match the impedance of the probe and the scope input.)
c) Set the ESD simulator discharge voltage to 1 000 V d.c.
d) Set the horizontal time scale in the oscilloscope to 5 ns per division and initiate a pulse.
Observe the waveform rise time, peak current and leading edge ringing. All parameters
shall be within the limits specified in Figure 3a and Clause 5, point e).
e) If necessary, adjust the ESD simulator voltage level until a peak current (I ) of 0,50 A ±10 %
p
is obtained. This voltage level represents an equivalent 1 000 V discharge level. This is
the voltage level that will be used in Clause 7.
f) Set the horizontal time scale in the oscilloscope to 100 ns per division and observe the
complete current waveform. The pulse shall meet the decay time requirement (t ) as
d
shown in Figure 3b.
g) Using the computer, analyse the resulting current waveform. The software shall be
capable of calculating energy for different resistances. For this portion of the procedure
the resistance is 2 000 Ω (this consists of the 1 500 Ω ESD simulator resistance and the
500 Ω high-voltage resistor). The energy from a 1 000 V (100 pF) discharge shall be 50 µJ
(±6 µJ). This is obtained from the equation W = 1/2 CV .
6 System verification procedure
The following procedure shall be followed:
a) Connect the 500 Ω resistor between the two conductive plates of the capacitive probe.
Place the capacitive probe between the discharge and ground electrodes. Ensure that the
discharge electrode, the capacitive probe and the ground electrode are vertically aligned
and that there is good constant contact between all three elements.
b) Connect the current probe to the storage oscilloscope. Set the oscilloscope input
resistance to 50 Ω.
c) Set the horizontal time scale in the oscilloscope to 5 ns per division and initiate a 1 000 V
pulse. The peak current, due to the capacitive loading of the capacitive probe, shall not
reduce the peak current to less than 0,42 A. If the reading is outside of this range, check
the capacitance of the capacitive probe with a capacitance meter and/or adjust the length
of the wiring if necessary.
7 Test procedure including conditioning
The test procedure shall be as follows and all testing shall be performed in the conditioned
environment:
a) Place a minimum of six samples of the product to be tested in an environmental chamber
set for the following conditions:
– temperature: 23 °C ±2 °C;
– relative humidity: 12 % RH ±3 % RH;
– conditioning period: minimum of 48 h.
Place an equal number of additional samples into an environmental chamber set for the
following conditions:
– temperature: 23 °C ±2 °C;
– relative humidity: to 50 % RH ± 5 % RH;
– conditioning period: minimum of 48 h.
b) Place the capacitive probe into the 20 cm × 25 cm bag such that its centre is
10,0 cm ±0,5 cm from the edge of the bag and is centred, side to side. Ensure good
contact between the electrodes, the bag and the probe. If other bag sizes are used, the
capacitive probe shall be placed in the geometric centre of the bag.
c) Set the oscilloscope horizontal time scale to 50 ns per division. The horizontal time scale
may have to be adjusted if the entire current waveform is not displayed on the
oscilloscope.
d) Initiate a 1 000 V pulse (or 1 000 V equivalent) as determined in Clause 5, point e).
e) If using a computer, calculate and record the energy seen inside the bag (use 500 Ω for
the resistance setting for the software). Repeat step d) five more times to obtain six data
points per bag.
f) Repeat steps b) through e) for the remaining samples.
g) Repeat steps b) through f) for the bags that were conditioned at 50 % RH.
8 Reporting
a) Report the average, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of all energy readings for
both humidity levels.
b) Record the following additional information:
– peak current;
– bag size;
– bag thickness;
– conditioning period;
– test conditions;
– ESD simulator description (manufacturer/model/serial number);
– oscilloscope description (manufacturer/model/serial number and last calibration date).

– 10 – IEC 61340-4-8:2014 © IEC 2014

R1
10 kΩ-
10 MΩ
R2
500 Ω
SW1
IEC
Key
1 ESD simulator (nominally 100 pF and 1 500 Ω)
2 bag under test
3 capacitive probe
4 discharge electrode
5 ground electrode
6 current probe
7 oscilloscope
NOTE 1 The current probe (6) is specified in 4.2.3.
NOTE 2 The 500 Ω resistor (R2) is specified in 4.2.4.
NOTE 3 The performance of the tester is strongly influenced by parasitic capacitance and inductance.
Switch SW1 is closed 10 ms to 100 ms after the pulse delivery period to ensure that the
discharge electrode is not left in a charged state. The switch should be open at least 10 ms
prior to the delivery of the next pulse. R1 and SW1 are part of the ESD simulator’s internal
circuitry.
Figure 1 – ESD simulator
1,3 cm
± 0,025 cm
3,8 cm
± 0,15 cm
3,8 cm
± 0,15 cm
IEC
Key
1 insulating material such as polycarbonate or acrylic
2 conductive plates, diameter: 2,2 cm ± 0,025 cm, thickness: 1,5 mm ±0,15 mm
3 resistor connection points
Figure 2 – Parallel plate capacitive probe

– 12 – IEC 61340-4-8:2014 © IEC 2014

I
R
90 %
10 %
t
r
IEC
Figure 3a – 5 ns per division
I
p
36,8 %
t
d
IEC
Figure 3b – 100 ns per division
The current waveform shall be measured as described in Clause 5.
The current waveform shall have the following characteristics:
– pulse rise time (t ) 5 ns to 25 ns;
r
– pulse decay time (t ) 200 ns ±20 ns;
d
– maximum peak-to-peak ringing (I ) shall be less than 15 % of I with no observable ringing
R P
100 ns after the start of the pulse;
– peak current (I ) shall be within 10 % of the value specified in Clause 5, point e).
P
The energy can be expressed by the formula:
n
Energy= R× t×
∑
I
i
i=1
Figure 3 – Current waveform through a 500 Ω resistor

Annex A
(informative)
Energy calculation program
There are several me
...