IEC 61034-2:2005

IEC 61034-2 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des
conditions définies –
Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences

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IEC 61034-2 ®
Edition 3.1 2013-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –

Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des

conditions définies –
Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020; 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-0904-2

– 2 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5

1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references. 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test apparatus . 6
5 Test assembly . 6
5.1 Test sample . 6
5.2 Cable test piece selection and test sample assembly . 7
5.3 Positioning of test sample . 8
6 Test procedure . 8
7 Evaluation of test results . 9
8 Retest procedure . 9
9 Test report . 9

Annex A (informative) Guidance on the principles and use of smoke measurements . 13
Annex B (informative) Recommended performance requirement . 15

Bibliography . 16

Figure 1 – Method of binding for bundles of test pieces . 10
Figure 2 – Method of support of test sample . 11
Figure 3 – Method of assembly of flat horizontal unit of non-circular cables . 12

61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 3 –

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_________
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –

Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This consolidated version of IEC 61034-2 consists of the third edition (2005) [documents
20/755/FDIS and 20/767/RVD], its corrigendum 1 (September 2006) and its amendment 1
(2013) [documents 20/1429/FDIS and 20/1444/RVD]. It bears the edition number 3.1.

The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and
has been prepared for user convenience. A vertical line in the margin shows where the
base publication has been modified by amendment 1. Additions and deletions are
displayed in red, with deletions being struck through.

– 4 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
International Standard IEC 61034-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20: Electric
cables.
The principal changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) inclusion of cables down to 1 mm diameter;
b) inclusion of non-circular cables;
c) addition of guidance on testing cables above 80 mm diameter;
d) delineation of elements of the test report;
e) addition of guidance on the calculation for other parameters for fire safety engineering
purposes;
f) removal of minor differences with equivalent CENELEC work to allow parallel voting with
that body.
It has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 61034 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of smoke
density of cables burning under defined conditions,
Part 1 : Test apparatus
Part 2 : Test procedure and requirements
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendment will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.

61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 5 –

INTRODUCTION
The measurement of smoke density is an important aspect in the evaluation of the burning
performance of cables as it is related to the evacuation of persons and accessibility for
firefighting.
IEC 61034 is published in two parts, which together specify a method of test for measurement
of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. Users of this test are reminded
that the configurations of cable in the test (i.e. as test pieces or bundles of test pieces) may not
represent actual installation conditions.
Part 1 gives details of the test apparatus and verification procedure to be used for the
measurement of smoke density of the products of combustion of cables burnt under defined
³
conditions. It includes details of a test enclosure of 27m volume, a photometric system for light
measurement, the fire source, smoke mixing method and a qualification procedure.
This Part 2 gives the test procedure, together with an informative annex giving recommended
requirements for compliance where no specified requirement is given in the particular cable
standard or specification. The measurement of smoke density is expressed in terms of
minimum levels of light transmittance, and Annex A explains possibilities for using these values
for fire safety engineering calculations.

– 6 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –

Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61034 provides details of the test procedure to be employed for the
measurement of the density of smoke emitted from cables burning under defined conditions. It
describes the means of preparing and assembling cables for test, the method of burning the
cables, and gives recommended requirements for evaluating test results.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For
dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-4, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests
IEC 60811-203, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 203: General tests – Measurement of overall dimensions
IEC 61034-1, Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 1: Test apparatus
IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO/IEC 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60695-4 apply, or if a term
is not defined in IEC 60695-4 then the definition in ISO/IEC 13943 applies.
4 Test apparatus
The test procedure defined in this Part 2 of IEC 61034 shall be carried out using the test
apparatus, i.e. test enclosure, photometric system and standard fire source, given in
IEC 61034-1.
5 Test assembly
5.1 Test sample
The test sample shall consist of one or more test pieces of cable, each 1,00 m ± 0,05 m long,
which shall be carefully straightened and then conditioned for at least 16 h at 23 °C ± 5 °C.

61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 7 –

5.2 Cable test piece selection and test sample assembly
5.2.1 Selection of number of test pieces
5.2.1.0 General
The cable diameter shall be measured using the method given in IEC 60811-203. The
measurement shall be made at each of three places, separated by at least 1 m.
The average of the three values obtained shall be rounded to obtain the overall diameter. If the
calculation gives 5 or more for the second decimal figure, raise the first to the next number;
thus, for example, 5,75 is rounded to 5,8 and 5,74 to 5,7.
The overall diameter obtained shall be used for the selection of the number of test pieces.
5.2.1.1 Cables with an overall diameter of greater than 5,0 mm or greater
For cables with an overall diameter of greater than 5,0 mm or greater, the number of test
pieces required to make up the test sample shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 – Number of test pieces
Overall diameter Number of test pieces
of the cable (D)
mm
D > 40,0
20,0 10,0 5,0 where
N = test pieces
D
The value of N shall be rounded downwards to the integer
to give the number of test pieces.

5.2.1.2 Cables with an overall diameter of less than or equal to 5,0 mm, but not less
than 1,0 mm
For cables with an overall diameter of less than or equal to 5,0 mm, but not less than 1,0 mm,
seven test pieces shall be formed into a bundle. The number of bundles (N ) required to make
up the test sample shall be calculated according to the following formula:
N =
3D
The value of N shall be rounded downwards to the integer to give the number of bundles.
For each bundle, the seven test pieces shall be twisted together with a lay between 20 D and
30 D and bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at
every 100 mm each side from the centre (see Figure 1).
5.2.1.3 Non-circular cables
The test sample for non-circular cables shall be a flat horizontal unit in which the minor axis of
each test piece is presented to the fire source. The following criteria for determination of the
number of test pieces required to make up the test sample shall apply:

– 8 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
a) the nominal minor axis shall be used as the diameter (D) for cables in which the major to
minor axis ratio is equal to or less than 3;
b) half the circumference of the cable shall be used to calculate an equivalent diameter for
cables in which the major to minor axis ratio lies between 3 and 5;
c) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio exceeds 5, or the dimension of the minor
axis is less than 2,0 mm, the formation of the assembly remains under consideration
The unit shall be bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm wire in the centre and at every
100 mm each side from the centre (see Figure 3). The number of test pieces required to make
up the test sample shall be in accordance with Table 1, except that in the case of cables in
which the overall diameter is less than or equal to 5,0 mm, the test pieces shall not be bundled
and the number of test pieces in the flat horizontal unit calculated according to the formula
N = 45/D.
The following criteria for determination of the overall diameter (D) to be used in the
determination of the number of test pieces shall apply for cables in which the minor axis is
2,0 mm or greater:
a) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio is equal to or less than 3, the nominal
minor axis shall be used as the overall diameter (D);
b) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio lies between 3 and 16, the overall diameter
(D) shall be taken as half the circumference of the cable divided by 3,14 (π).
For cables in which the minor axis is less than 2,0 mm or the major to minor axis ratio exceeds
16, the test criteria shall be given in the product standard or, if not, agreed between
manufacturer and purchaser.
5.2.2 Mounting of test sample
The test sample shall remain in situ during the test as follows:
– individual test pieces or bundles of test pieces shall be bound together at the ends, and at
300 mm from each end, at which place they shall be clamped to the support by means of
wire binders.
NOTE Depending upon construction, test samples prepared from small cables or flexible cables may be subject to
movement during the test. In these cases, it is also recommended that the test pieces or bundles are bound with
two turns of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at every 100 mm each side from the centre.
Alternatively, the test pieces or bundles may be tensioned at one or both ends by means of an appropriate device,
for example a spring or a weight.
5.3 Positioning of test sample
The tray containing the alcohol shall be supported above the ground surface to permit air
circulation around and beneath the tray. The individual test pieces or the bundles of test pieces
shall be laid touching in a horizontal position and centred above the tray so that the distance
between the underneath of the test sample and the bottom of the tray is 150 mm ± 5 mm (see
Figure 2).
6 Test procedure
NOTE Before each test, it may be necessary to clean the windows of the photometric system to regain 100 % light
transmission after stabilization of the voltage (see also Clause A.2 of IEC 61034-1).
6.1 Immediately before commencing a test, the temperature within the cube shall be in the
range of 25 °C ± 5 °C when measured at the internal door surface at a height of 1,5 m to 2,0 m
and a minimum of 0,2 m from the walls.

61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 9 –

6.2 Before a test, carry out one blank test as defined in Clause 8 of IEC 61034-1 to preheat
the test enclosure if necessary.
6.3 For the test, the fire source shall be as defined in Clause 6 of IEC 61034-1.
6.4 With the test sample supported above the tray, start the air circulation and ignite the
alcohol. Make sure that all persons leave the cube immediately, and that the door is closed.
6.5 The test is considered as ended when there is no decrease in light transmittance for
5 min after the fire source has extinguished or when the test duration reaches 40 min.
6.6 Record the minimum light transmittance. The light transmittance l shall be calculated as
t
follows:
l = I /I
t t 0
where
I is the intensity of transmitted light;
t
I is the intensity of incident light.
l shall be expressed as a percentage.
t
NOTE If it is required to use information on smoke density for wider hazard evaluation or fire safety engineering
purposes, it may be necessary to calculate other parameters. Guidance on such calculations is given in Annex A.
6.7 Extract the combustion products at the end of each test.
7 Evaluation of test results
The requirement shall be given in the relevant cable specification.
For cables up to and including 80 mm overall diameter, the recorded minimum light
transmittance (6.6) shall be taken as the cable light transmittance.
For cables above 80 mm overall diameter, the recorded minimum light transmittance (6.6) shall
be normalized by multiplying by a factor of D/80 (where D is the actual diameter in millimetres
of the cable under test) and the resulting value shall be taken as the cable light transmittance
for determining compliance.
NOTE If no value is given in the relevant cable specification it is recommended that the recommendation in
Annex B be adopted as a minimum.
8 Retest procedure
In case of dispute, a further two tests shall be undertaken using similar cables.
Both of these test results shall comply with Clause 7.
In the event of a failure, as judged by the requirements of the relevant standard, two further
test samples, taken from the same cable length shall be tested. If both comply, the test shall
be deemed successful.
9 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:

– 10 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
a) full description of cable tested;
b) manufacturer of cable tested;
c) the overall diameter of the cable tested;
d) the number and disposition of test pieces in the test sample;
e) details of any binding or tensioning of the test pieces in the test sample;
f) the minimum light transmittance recorded during the test duration.

Dimensions in millimetres
2 3
100 100 100 100
IEC  550/05
Key
1 wire binder
2 centre
3 number of test pieces = 7
Figure 1 – Method of binding for bundles of test pieces

61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 11 –

Dimensions in millimetres
A
B
IEC  551/05
Key
A  Side view 1  support 4  back wall
B  Plan view 2  metal tray 5  floor
3  test sample
Figure 2 – Method of support of test sample

60 60
– 12 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
2 2
100 100 100 100
1 000 ± 50
IEC  1377/13
Key
1 minor axis of cable 2 wire binder
3 major axis of cable 4 n test pieces

Figure 3 – Method of assembly of flat horizontal unit of non-circular cables

61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013 – 13 –

Annex A
(informative)
Guidance on the principles and use of smoke measurements

A.1 Background
A.1.1 Bouguer's Law
Smoke consists of an aerosol of particles which can either be measured as a function of its
gravimetric properties, its light obscuring properties, or a mixture of the two. This standard
measures smoke as a function of light obscuring properties which are a function of the number
and size of the particles in the light path. If the particles are considered as opaque, the
capacity of the smoke to obscure light is related to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of the
particles in the light path. It is measured in units of area, e.g. in square metres (m ), and is
called the extinction area, see A.1.2.
Optical smoke measurements are derived from Bouguer's Law which describes the attenuation
of monochromatic light by smoke.
-kL
I / I = e
o
t
k = (1/L) ln (I / I )
o
t
where
I is the intensity of transmitted light;
t
I is the intensity of incident light;
o
L is the light path length through the smoke ;
k is the linear Napierian absorption coefficient (or extinction coefficient).

-1
NOTE 1 The units of k are of reciprocal length and are expressed, e.g., in m .
In some cases, including this standard, base 10 logarithms are used to calculate the optical
density, D', where
D' = log (I / I )
10 o
t
and also to calculate the optical density per unit light path length, (D), which is also known as
the linear decadic absorption coefficient or the decadic extinction coefficient.
–1
NOTE 2 D has units of reciprocal length, e.g. m .
–DL
I / I = 10
o
t
D  = (1/L) log (I / I )
o
t
k = D ln 10 or  k = 2,303 D

A.1.2 Extinction area
A useful measurement of the amount of smoke, particularly for fire safety engineering
purposes, is the total effective cross sectional area of all the smoke particles. This is known as
the extinction area of the smoke, S.
The extinction area is related both to the extinction coefficient of the smoke and to the volume
that the smoke is contained within, by the equation:

– 14 – 61034-2  IEC:2005+A1:2013
S = k V
where V is the volume of the chamber in which the smoke is contained.
The extinction area of smoke can also be calculated from D using the equation
S = 2,303 D V
NOTE S has units of area, e.g. m .
A.1.3 Visibility
Correlations have been established between visibility levels in smoke and measurements of
smoke extinction coefficient for targets with specified contrast and illumination.
It has been found that visibility is inversely proportional to k (or D), i.e. ω × k is a constant.
If the relationship between visibility (ω) and k (or D) is known, then visibility can be readily
calculated if the amount of smoke (extinction area) is known and the volume occupied by the
smoke is also known.
ω =  γ (V / S)
where γ = ω k = 2,303 ω D
A.2 Use of parameters measured in the standard
The output from the evaluation of the test results is a transmittance, (I / I ), which is usually
o
t
expressed as a percentage. This enables the determination of the dimensionless optical
density, D',
D’ = log (I / I )
10 o
t
and the linear decadic absorption coefficient, D
D = (1/L) ×D’
where L is the light path length through the test cube (nominally 3 m).
The extincti
...

IEC 61034-2 ®
Edition 3.2 2019-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des
conditions définies –
Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from
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copyright or have an enquiry about obtaining additional rights to this publication, please contact the address below or
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IEC 61034-2 ®
Edition 3.2 2019-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –

Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des

conditions définies –
Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.220.40; 29.020; 29.060.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-7654-9

IEC 61034-2 ®
Edition 3.2 2019-11
CONSOLIDATED VERSION
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

Mesure de la densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des
conditions définies –
Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences

– 2 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 Test apparatus . 6
5 Test assembly . 6
5.1 Test sample . 6
5.2 Cable test piece selection and test sample assembly . 7
5.2.1 Selection of number of test pieces . 7
5.2.2 Mounting of test sample . 8
5.3 Positioning of test sample . 8
6 Test procedure . 8
7 Evaluation of test results . 9
8 Retest procedure . 10
9 Test report. 10
Annex A (informative) Guidance on the principles and use of smoke measurements . 14
Annex B (informative) Recommended performance requirement . 17
Bibliography . 18

Figure 1 – Method of binding for bundles of test pieces . 11
Figure 2 – Method of support of test sample . 12
Figure 3 – Method of assembly of flat horizontal unit of non-circular cables . 13

Table 1 – Number of test pieces . 7

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INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_________
MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –
Part 2: Test procedure and requirements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This consolidated version of the official IEC Standard and its amendments has been
prepared for user convenience.
IEC 61034-2 edition 3.2 contains the third edition (2005-04) [documents 20/755/FDIS and
20/767/RVD], its corrigendum 1 (2006-09), its amendment 1 (2013-06) [documents
20/1429/FDIS and 20/1444/RVD] and its amendment 2 (2019-11) [documents 20/1886/FDIS
and 20/1892/RVD].
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
is modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions are in green text, deletions are in
strikethrough red text. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is available
in this publication.
– 4 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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International Standard IEC 61034-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 20:
Electric cables.
The principal changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) inclusion of cables down to 1 mm diameter;
b) inclusion of non-circular cables;
c) addition of guidance on testing cables above 80 mm diameter;
d) delineation of elements of the test report;
e) addition of guidance on the calculation for other parameters for fire safety engineering
purposes;
f) removal of minor differences with equivalent CENELEC work to allow parallel voting with
that body.
It has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
IEC 61034 consists of the following parts, under the general title Measurement of smoke
density of cables burning under defined conditions,
Part 1 : Test apparatus
Part 2 : Test procedure and requirements
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
INTRODUCTION
The measurement of smoke density is an important aspect in the evaluation of the burning
performance of cables as it is related to the evacuation of persons and accessibility for
firefighting.
IEC 61034 is published in two parts, which together specify a method of test for measurement
of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions. Users of this test are reminded
that the configurations of cable in the test (i.e. as test pieces or bundles of test pieces) may
not represent actual installation conditions.
Part 1 gives details of the test apparatus and verification procedure to be used for the
measurement of smoke density of the products of combustion of cables burnt under defined
³
conditions. It includes details of a test enclosure of 27m volume, a photometric system for
light measurement, the fire source, smoke mixing method and a qualification procedure.
This Part 2 gives the test procedure, together with an informative annex giving recommended
requirements for compliance where no specified requirement is given in the particular cable
standard or specification. The measurement of smoke density is expressed in terms of
minimum levels of light transmittance, and Annex A explains possibilities for using these
values for fire safety engineering calculations.

– 6 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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MEASUREMENT OF SMOKE DENSITY OF CABLES
BURNING UNDER DEFINED CONDITIONS –

Part 2: Test procedure and requirements

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61034 provides details of the test procedure to be employed for the
measurement of the density of smoke emitted from cables burning under defined conditions. It
describes the means of preparing and assembling cables for test, the method of burning the
cables, and gives recommended requirements for evaluating test results.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60695-4, Fire hazard testing – Part 4: Terminology concerning fire tests
IEC 60811-203, Electric and optical fibre cables – Test methods for non-metallic materials –
Part 203: General tests – Measurement of overall dimensions
IEC 61034-1, Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions –
Part 1: Test apparatus
IEC Guide 104:1997, The preparation of safety publications and the use of basic safety
publications and group safety publications
ISO/IEC 13943:2000, Fire safety – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in IEC 60695-4 apply, or if a
term is not defined in IEC 60695-4 then the definition in ISO/IEC 13943 applies.
4 Test apparatus
The test procedure defined in this Part 2 of IEC 61034 shall be carried out using the test
apparatus, i.e. test enclosure, photometric system and standard fire source, given in
IEC 61034-1.
5 Test assembly
5.1 Test sample
The test sample shall consist of one or more test pieces of cable, each 1,00 m ± 0,05 m long,
which shall be carefully straightened and then conditioned for at least 16 h at 23 °C ± 5 °C.

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5.2 Cable test piece selection and test sample assembly
5.2.1 Selection of number of test pieces
5.2.1.0 General
The cable diameter shall be measured using the method given in IEC 60811-203. The
measurement shall be made at each of three places, separated by at least 1 m.
The average of the three values obtained shall be rounded to obtain the overall diameter. If
the calculation gives 5 or more for the second decimal figure, raise the first to the next
number; thus, for example, 5,75 is rounded to 5,8 and 5,74 to 5,7.
The overall diameter obtained shall be used for the selection of the number of test pieces.
5.2.1.1 Cables with an overall diameter of greater than 5,0 mm or greater
For cables with an overall diameter of greater than 5,0 mm or greater, the number of test
pieces required to make up the test sample shall be in accordance with Table 1.
Table 1 – Number of test pieces
Overall diameter Number of test pieces
of the cable (D)
mm
D > 40,0 1
20,0 10,0 5,0 N
where
N = test pieces
D
The value of N shall be rounded downwards to the
integer to give the number of test pieces.

5.2.1.2 Cables with an overall diameter of less than or equal to 5,0 mm, but not less
than 1,0 mm
For cables with an overall diameter of less than or equal to 5,0 mm, but not less than 1,0 mm,
seven test pieces shall be formed into a bundle. The number of bundles (N ) required to
make up the test sample shall be calculated according to the following formula:
N =
3D
The value of N shall be rounded downwards to the integer to give the number of bundles.
For each bundle, the seven test pieces shall be twisted together with a lay between 20 D and
30 D and bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at
every 100 mm each side from the centre (see Figure 1).
5.2.1.3 Non-circular cables
The test sample for non-circular cables shall be a flat horizontal unit in which the minor axis of
each test piece is presented to the fire source. The following criteria for determination of the
number of test pieces required to make up the test sample shall apply:

– 8 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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a) the nominal minor axis shall be used as the diameter (D) for cables in which the major to
minor axis ratio is equal to or less than 3;
b) half the circumference of the cable shall be used to calculate an equivalent diameter for
cables in which the major to minor axis ratio lies between 3 and 5;
c) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio exceeds 5, or the dimension of the minor
axis is less than 2,0 mm, the formation of the assembly remains under consideration
The unit shall be bound with two turns of approximately 0,5 mm wire in the centre and at
every 100 mm each side from the centre (see Figure 3). The number of test pieces required to
make up the test sample shall be in accordance with Table 1, except that in the case of
cables in which the overall diameter is less than or equal to 5,0 mm, the test pieces shall not
be bundled and the number of test pieces in the flat horizontal unit calculated according to the
= 45/D.
formula N
The following criteria for determination of the overall diameter (D) to be used in the
determination of the number of test pieces shall apply for cables in which the minor axis is
2,0 mm or greater:
a) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio is equal to or less than 3, the nominal
minor axis shall be used as the overall diameter (D);
b) for cables in which the major to minor axis ratio lies between 3 and 16, the overall
diameter (D) shall be taken as half the circumference of the cable divided by 3,14 (π).
For cables in which the minor axis is less than 2,0 mm or the major to minor axis ratio
exceeds 16, the test criteria shall be given in the product standard or, if not, agreed between
manufacturer and purchaser.
5.2.2 Mounting of test sample
The test sample shall remain in situ during the test as follows:
– individual test pieces or bundles of test pieces shall be bound together at the ends, and at
300 mm from each end, at which place they shall be clamped to the support by means of
wire binders.
NOTE Depending upon construction, test samples prepared from small cables or flexible cables may be subject to
movement during the test. In these cases, it is also recommended that the test pieces or bundles are bound with
two turns of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at every 100 mm each side from the centre.
Alternatively, the test pieces or bundles may be tensioned at one or both ends by means of an appropriate device,
for example a spring or a weight.
To avoid movement during the test, the test pieces or bundles shall be bound with two turns
of approximately 0,5 mm diameter wire in the centre and at every 100 mm each side from the
centre. In addition, the test pieces or bundles may be tensioned at one or both ends by means
of an appropriate device for example a spring or a weight.
5.3 Positioning of test sample
The tray containing the alcohol shall be supported above the ground surface to permit air
circulation around and beneath the tray. The individual test pieces or the bundles of test
pieces shall be laid touching in a horizontal position and centred above the tray so that the
distance between the underneath of the test sample and the bottom of the tray is
150 mm ± 5 mm (see Figure 2).
6 Test procedure
NOTE Before each test, it may be necessary to clean the windows of the photometric system to regain 100 % light
transmission after stabilization of the voltage (see also Clause A.2 of IEC 61034-1).

+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
6.1 Immediately before commencing a test, the temperature within the cube shall be in the
range of 25 °C ± 5 °C when measured at the internal door surface at a height of 1,5 m to
2,0 m and a minimum of 0,2 m from the walls.
6.2 Before a test, carry out one blank test as defined in Clause 8 of IEC 61034-1 to preheat
the test enclosure if necessary.
6.3 For the test, the fire source shall be as defined in Clause 6 of IEC 61034-1.
6.4 With the test sample supported above the tray, start the air circulation and ignite the
alcohol. Make sure that all persons leave the cube immediately, and that the door is closed.
6.5 The test is considered as ended when there is no decrease in light transmittance for
5 min after the fire source has extinguished or when the test duration reaches 40 min.
6.6 Record the minimum light transmittance. The light transmittance l shall be calculated as
t
follows:
l = I /I
t t 0
where
I is the intensity of transmitted light;
t
I is the intensity of incident light.
l shall be expressed as a percentage.
t
NOTE If it is required to use information on smoke density for wider hazard evaluation or fire safety engineering
purposes, it may be necessary to calculate other parameters. Guidance on such calculations is given in Annex A.
6.7 Extract the combustion products at the end of each test.
7 Evaluation of test results
The requirement shall be given in the relevant cable specification.
For cables up to and including 80 mm overall diameter, the recorded minimum light
transmittance (6.6) shall be taken as the cable light transmittance.
For cables above 80 mm overall diameter, the recorded minimum light transmittance (6.6)
shall be normalized by multiplying by a factor of D/80 (where D is the actual diameter in
millimetres of the cable under test) and the resulting value shall be taken as the cable light
transmittance for determining compliance.
NOTE If no value is given in the relevant cable specification it is recommended that the recommendation in
Annex B be adopted as a minimum.
For cables with an overall diameter above 20,0 mm, the recorded minimum light transmittance
I /I (see 6.6) shall be normalized as follows:
t 0
(40 mm/ND)
(I /I ) = [I /I ]
t 0 norm t 0
where
I is the incident light intensity,
I is the transmitted light intensity,
t
I /I is the transmittance,
t 0
– 10 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
(I /I ) is the normalized transmittance,

t 0 norm
N is the number of test pieces in accordance with Table 1,
D is the overall diameter of the cable in mm.
The resulting value (I /I ) (expressed as a percentage) shall be taken for determining
t 0 norm
compliance.
If no value is given in the relevant cable specification, it is recommended that the
recommendation in Annex B be adopted as a minimum.
EXAMPLE
The measured transmittance I /I of a cable with overall diameter D of 38 mm is equal to 0,7. The number of test

t 0
(40/(2×38))
pieces N is 2. The normalized transmittance (I /I ) is then equal to 0,7 = 0,83 and expressed in a
t 0 norm
percentage equal to 83 %.
8 Retest procedure
In case of dispute, a further two tests shall be undertaken using similar cables.
Both of these test results shall comply with Clause 7.
In the event of a failure, as judged by the requirements of the relevant standard, two further
test samples, taken from the same cable length shall be tested. If both comply, the test shall
be deemed successful.
9 Test report
The test report shall include the following information:
a) full description of cable tested;
b) manufacturer of cable tested;
c) the overall diameter of the cable tested;
d) the number and disposition of test pieces in the test sample;
e) details of any binding or tensioning of the test pieces in the test sample;
f) the minimum light transmittance recorded during the test duration.

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Dimensions in millimetres
1 2 3
100 100 100 100
IEC  550/05
Key
1 wire binder
2 centre
3 number of test pieces = 7
Figure 1 – Method of binding for bundles of test pieces

– 12 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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Dimensions in millimetres
A
B
IEC  551/05
Key
A  Side view 1  support 4  back wall
B  Plan view 2  metal tray 5  floor
3  test sample
Figure 2 – Method of support of test sample

60 60
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
2 2
100 100 100 100
1 000 ± 50
IEC  1377/13
Key
1 minor axis of cable 2 wire binder
3 major axis of cable 4 n test pieces
Figure 3 – Method of assembly of flat horizontal unit of non-circular cables

– 14 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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Annex A
(informative)
Guidance on the principles and use of smoke measurements

A.1 Background
A.1.1 Bouguer's Law
Smoke consists of an aerosol of particles which can either be measured as a function of its
gravimetric properties, its light obscuring properties, or a mixture of the two. This standard
measures smoke as a function of light obscuring properties which are a function of the
number and size of the particles in the light path. If the particles are considered as opaque,
the capacity of the smoke to obscure light is related to the sum of the cross-sectional areas of
the particles in the light path. It is measured in units of area, e.g. in square metres (m ), and
is called the extinction area, see A.1.2.
Optical smoke measurements are derived from Bouguer's Law which describes the
attenuation of monochromatic light by smoke.
-kL
I / I = e
o
t
k = (1/L) ln (I / I )
o
t
where
is the intensity of transmitted light;
I
t
I is the intensity of incident light;
o
L is the light path length through the smoke ;
k is the linear Napierian absorption coefficient (or extinction coefficient).

-1
NOTE 1 The units of k are of reciprocal length and are expressed, e.g., in m .
In some cases, including this standard, base 10 logarithms are used to calculate the optical
density, D', where
D' = log10 (I / I )
o
t
and also to calculate the optical density per unit light path length, (D), which is also known as
the linear decadic absorption coefficient or the decadic extinction coefficient.
–1
NOTE 2 D has units of reciprocal length, e.g. m .
–DL
I / I = 10
o
t
D  = (1/L) log10 (I / I )
o
t
k = D ln 10 or  k = 2,303 D

A.1.2 Extinction area
A useful measurement of the amount of smoke, particularly for fire safety engineering
purposes, is the total effective cross sectional area of all the smoke particles. This is known
as the extinction area of the smoke, S.

+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
The extinction area is related both to the extinction coefficient of the smoke and to the volume
that the smoke is contained within, by the equation:
S = k V
where V is the volume of the chamber in which the smoke is contained.
The extinction area of smoke can also be calculated from D using the equation
S = 2,303 D V
NOTE S has units of area, e.g. m .
A.1.3 Visibility
Correlations have been established between visibility levels in smoke and measurements of
smoke extinction coefficient for targets with specified contrast and illumination.
It has been found that visibility is inversely proportional to k (or D), i.e. ω × k is a constant.
If the relationship between visibility (ω) and k (or D) is known, then visibility can be readily
calculated if the amount of smoke (extinction area) is known and the volume occupied by the
smoke is also known.
ω =  γ (V / S)
where γ = ω k = 2,303 ω D
A.2 Use of parameters measured in the standard
The output from the evaluation of the test results is a transmittance, (I / I ), which is usually
o
t
expressed as a percentage. This enables the determination of the dimensionless optical
density, D',
D’ = log (I / I )
10 o
t
and the linear decadic absorption coefficient, D
D = (1/L) ×D’
where L is the light path length through the test cube (nominally 3 m).
The extinction area of the smoke is calculated from
S = 2,303 D V
where V is the volume of the test cube (nominally 27m ).
The extinction area per length of cable, S , is calculated from
n
S = S/n
n
where n is the number of test pieces.
Data from the test can then be used to predict visibility for a defined fire scenario.

– 16 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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NOTE General guidance is given in IEC 60695-6-1, Fire hazard testing – Part 6-1: Smoke opacity – General
guidance.
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
Annex B
(informative)
Recommended performance requirement

The performance requirements for a particular type or class of insulated conductor or cable
should preferably be given in the individual cable standard.
In the absence of any given requirement, it is recommended that a value of 60 % cable light
transmittance is adopted as a minimum for any cable tested against this standard.

– 18 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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Bibliography
IEC 60695-6-1, Fire hazard testing – Part 6-1: Smoke opacity – General guidance.

___________
– 20 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
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SOMMAIRE
AVANT-PROPOS . 21
INTRODUCTION . 23
1 Domaine d'application . 24
2 Références normatives . 24
3 Termes et définitions . 24
4 Appareillage d'essai . 24
5 Constitution de l’éprouvette d’essai . 25
5.1 Éprouvettes d’essai . 25
5.2 Choix et assemblage des tronçons de câbles . 25
5.2.1 Choix du nombre de tronçons de câbles . 25
5.2.2 Montage des éprouvettes d’essai. 26
5.3 Positionnement des éprouvettes d’essai . 27
6 Procédure d'essai . 27
7 Evaluation des résultats d'essais . 27
8 Procédure de contre-essai . 28
9 Rapport d’essai . 28
Annexe A (informative) Guide sur les principes l’utilisation des mesures de fumée . 32
Annexe B (informative) Recommandations pour les conditions requises de
performance . 35
Bibliographie . 36

Figure 1 – Méthode d'attache pour les faisceaux de câble . 29
Figure 2 – Méthode pour supporter les câbles en essai . 30
Figure 3 – Méthode d'assemblage d'élément horizontal plat de câbles non circulaires . 31

Tableau 1 – Nombre de tronçons de câble . 25

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COMMISSION ÉLECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE
_________
MESURE DE LA DENSITÉ DE FUMÉES
DÉGAGÉES PAR DES CÂBLES BRÛLANT
DANS DES CONDITIONS DÉFINIES –
Partie 2: Procédure d'essai et exigences
AVANT-PROPOS
1) La Commission Electrotechnique Internationale (IEC) est une organisation mondiale de normalisation
composée de l'ensemble des comités électrotechniques nationaux (Comités nationaux de l'IEC). L'IEC a pour
objet de favoriser la coopération internationale pour toutes les questions de normalisation dans les domaines
de l'électricité et de l'électronique. A cet effet, l'IEC – entre autres activités – publie des Normes
internationales, des Spécifications techniques, des Rapports techniques, des Spécifications accessibles au
public (PAS) et des Guides (ci-après dénommés "Publication(s) de l'IEC"). Leur élaboration est confiée à des
comités d'études, aux travaux desquels tout Comité national intéressé par le sujet traité peut participer. Les
organisations internationales, gouvernementales et non gouvernementales, en liaison avec l'IEC, participent
également aux travaux. L'IEC collabore étroitement avec l'Organisation Internationale de Normalisation (ISO),
selon des conditions fixées par accord entre les deux organisations.
2) Les décisions ou accords officiels de l'IEC concernant les questions techniques représentent, dans la mesure
du possible, un accord international sur les sujets étudiés, étant donné que les Comités nationaux de l'IEC
intéressés sont représentés dans chaque comité d’études.
3) Les Publications de l'IEC se présentent sous la forme de recommandations internationales et sont agréées
comme telles par les Comités nationaux de l'IEC. Tous les efforts raisonnables sont entrepris afin que l'IEC
s'assure de l'exactitude du contenu technique de ses publications; l'IEC ne peut pas être tenue responsable de
l'éventuelle mauvaise utilisation ou interprétation qui en est faite par un quelconque utilisateur final.
4) Dans le but d'encourager l'uniformité internationale, les Comités nationaux de l'IEC s'engagent, dans toute la
mesure possible, à appliquer de façon transparente les Publications de l'IEC dans leurs publications nationales
et régionales. Toutes divergences entre toutes Publications de l'IEC et toutes publications nationales ou
régionales correspondantes doivent être indiquées en termes clairs dans ces dernières.
5) L'IEC elle-même ne fournit aucune attestation de conformité. Des organismes de certification indépendants
fournissent des services d'évaluation de conformité et, dans certains secteurs, accèdent aux marques de
conformité de l'IEC. L'IEC n'est responsable d'aucun des services effectués par les organismes de certification
indépendants.
6) Tous les utilisateurs doivent s'assurer qu'ils sont en possession de la dernière édition de cette publication.
7) Aucune responsabilité ne doit être imputée à l'IEC, à ses administrateurs, employés, auxiliaires ou
mandataires, y compris ses experts particuliers et les membres de ses comités d'études et des Comités
nationaux de l'IEC, pour tout préjudice causé en cas de dommages corporels et matériels, ou de tout autre
dommage de quelque nature que ce soit, directe ou indirecte, ou pour supporter les coûts (y compris les frais
de justice) et les dépenses découlant de la publication ou de l'utilisation de cette Publication de l'IEC ou de
toute autre Publication de l'IEC, ou au crédit qui lui est accordé.
8) L'attention est attirée sur les références normatives citées dans cette publication. L'utilisation de publications
référencées est obligatoire pour une application correcte de la présente publication.
9) L’attention est attirée sur le fait que certains des éléments de la présente Publication de l'IEC peuvent faire
l’objet de droits de brevet. L'IEC ne saurait être tenue pour responsable de ne pas avoir identifié de tels droits
de brevets et de ne pas avoir signalé leur existence.
Cette version consolidée de la Norme IEC officielle et de ses amendements a été
préparée pour la commodité de l'utilisateur.
L'IEC 61034-2 édition 3.2 contient la troisième édition (2005-04) [documents 20/755/FDIS
et 20/767/RVD], son corrigendum 1 (2006-09), son amendement 1 (2013-06) [documents
20/1429/FDIS et 20/1444/RVD] et son amendement 2 (2019-11) [documents 20/1886/FDIS
et 20/1892/RVD].
Dans cette version Redline, une ligne verticale dans la marge indique où le contenu
technique est modifié par les amendements 1 et 2. Les ajouts sont en vert, les
suppressions sont en rouge, barrées. Une version Finale avec toutes les modifications
acceptées est disponible dans cette publication.

– 22 – IEC 61034-2:2005+AMD1:2013
+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
La Norme internationale IEC 61034-2 a été établie par le comité d'études 20 de l'IEC: Câbles
électriques.
Les principales modifications par rapport à l’édition précédente sont:
a) l’introduction des câbles de diamètre allant jusqu’ à 1 mm;
b) l’introduction des câbles non circulaires;
c) l’addition d’un guide sur les essais de câbles de diamètre supérieur à 80 mm;
d) la suppression d’éléments du rapport d’essai;
e) l’ajout d’un guide pour le calcul d’autres paramètres pour la conception de sécurité
incendie;
f) la suppression des petites différences par rapport aux travaux équivalents du CENELEC
pour un vote parallèle.
Elle a le statut de publication groupée de sécurité, conformément au Guide 104 de l'IEC.
Cette publication a été rédigée selon les Directives ISO/IEC, Partie 2.
L'IEC 61034 comprend les parties suivantes, présentées sous le titre général Mesure de la
densité de fumées dégagées par des câbles brûlant dans des conditions définies,
Partie 1: Appareillage d’essai
Partie 2: Procédure d’essai et exigences
Le comité a décidé que le contenu de la publication de base et de ses amendements ne sera
pas modifié avant la date de stabilité indiquée sur le site web de l’IEC sous
"http://webstore.iec.ch" dans les données relatives à la publication recherchée. A cette date,
la publication sera
• reconduite,
• supprimée,
• remplacée par une édition révisée, ou
• amendée.
IMPORTANT – Le logo "colour inside" qui se trouve sur la page de couverture de cette
publication indique qu'elle contient des couleurs qui sont considérées comme utiles à
une bonne compréhension de son contenu. Les utilisateurs devraient, par conséquent,
imprimer cette publication en utilisant une imprimante couleur.

+AMD2:2019 CSV  IEC 2019
INTRODUCTION
La mesure de la densité des fumées est un aspect important dans l’évaluation des
performances des câbles vis-à-vis du feu, comme elle est liée à l’évacuation des personnes
et à l’accès pour la lutte contre l’incendie
L'IEC 61034 est publiée en deux parties, qui spécifient toutes les deux une méthode d’e
...