IEC 62899-201:2016

IEC 62899-201 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Printed electronics –
Part 201: Materials – Substrates
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IEC 62899-201 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Printed electronics –
Part 201: Materials – Substrates

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.035.01; 31.180 ISBN 978-2-8322-3198-2

– 2 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references. 8
3 Terms and definitions . 11
4 Materials, structures and dimensions . 13
4.1 Base materials . 13
4.2 Structures of substrates . 13
4.3 Dimensions of substrates . 14
4.3.1 Outline . 14
4.3.2 Sheet dimensions . 14
4.3.3 Width and length (roll supply) . 14
4.3.4 Substrate thickness . 15
5 General descriptions of evaluation tests . 15
5.1 Sampling. 15
5.2 Preparation of test specimens . 15
5.3 Atmospheric conditions for evaluation test . 15
5.4 Conditioning . 15
5.4.1 Polymer substrates . 15
5.4.2 Glass substrates . 15
5.4.3 Other materials . 15
6 Characteristics and evaluation method of polymer substrates . 16
6.1 Surface properties . 16
6.1.1 Surface defects . 16
6.1.2 Flatness . 16
6.1.3 Surface condition . 17
6.1.4 Edge condition . 19
6.2 Mechanical properties . 19
6.2.1 Elongation at break . 19
6.2.2 Tensile strength . 19
6.2.3 Tensile modulus . 20
6.2.4 Minimum bending radius . 20
6.2.5 Tear strength and tear propagation resistance . 23
6.2.6 Edge strength . 24
6.2.7 Hardness . 24
6.3 Chemical properties . 24
6.3.1 Resistance to chemicals . 24
6.3.2 Halide contents . 25
6.3.3 Volatile content . 25
6.3.4 Gas transmission . 26
6.3.5 Moisture absorption . 27
6.4 Electrical properties . 27
6.4.1 Measurement at ambient temperature . 27
6.4.2 Measurement at high temperature . 29
6.5 Thermal properties . 29
6.5.1 Glass transition temperature . 29

6.5.2 Coefficient of linear thermal expansion . 29
6.5.3 Dimensional stability . 30
6.5.4 Relative temperature index (RTI) . 30
6.6 Optical properties . 32
6.6.1 Method of testing the colour of the substrates . 32
6.6.2 Refractive index . 35
6.6.3 Retardation . 35
6.6.4 Luminous reflectance . 35
6.6.5 Haze . 36
6.7 Flammability . 36
6.7.1 Outline . 36
6.7.2 Test method . 36
6.7.3 Report of the results . 36
7 Characteristics and evaluation method of glass substrates . 37
7.1 Surface properties . 37
7.1.1 Surface roughness . 37
7.1.2 Chips and cracks . 37
7.1.3 Foreign inclusions . 37
7.1.4 Foreign substances on surface . 38
7.1.5 Scratches . 38
7.2 Mechanical properties . 38
7.2.1 Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio . 38
7.2.2 Density . 38
7.2.3 Hardness . 39
7.3 Chemical properties . 39
7.3.1 Resistance to chemicals . 39
7.3.2 Gas transmission . 39
7.4 Thermal properties . 39
7.4.1 Coefficient of linear thermal expansion . 39
7.4.2 Strain point . 39
7.5 Optical properties . 40
7.5.1 Refractive index . 40
7.5.2 Luminous transmittance . 40
8 Characteristics and evaluation method of other materials (ceramics, metal, paper,
others) . 40
9 Storage . 41
9.1 Storage conditions . 41
9.1.1 Climatic conditions . 41
9.1.2 Chemically active substances . 41
9.1.3 Mechanically active substances . 41
9.1.4 Other conditions . 41
9.2 Storage period . 41
10 Packaging and marking . 41
10.1 Packaging . 41
10.2 Marking . 41
10.3 Traceability . 41
11 Transportation . 41
11.1 Transportation conditions . 41

– 4 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
11.1.1 Climatic conditions . 41
11.1.2 Chemically active substances . 42
11.1.3 Mechanically active substances . 42
11.1.4 Mechanical condition . 42
11.1.5 Other conditions . 42
11.2 Means of transportation . 42
11.3 Vibration resistance . 42
11.4 Impact resistance . 42
Bibliography . 43

Figure 1 – Example of bow . 11
Figure 2 – Example of twist . 11
Figure 3 – Structure of the flex resistance tester near the part where the specimen is
attached . 21
Figure 4 – Structure of the MIT instrument . 22
Figure 5 – Example of a measuring electrode . 28

Table 1 – Winding misalignment of the roll . 14

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 201: Materials – Substrates

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62899-201 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 119:
Printed electronics.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
119/87/FDIS 119/100A/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62899 series, published under the general title Printed electronics,
can be found on the IEC website.

– 6 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.

INTRODUCTION
The IEC 62899-20x series relates mainly to evaluation methods for materials of printed
electronics. The series also includes storage methods, packaging and marking, and
transportation conditions.
The IEC 62899-20x series is divided into parts for each material. Each part is prepared as a
generic specification containing fundamental information for the area of printed electronics.
The IEC 62899-20x series consists of the following parts:
Part 201: Materials – Substrates
Part 202: Materials – Conductive ink
Part 203: Materials – Semiconductor ink
(Subsequent parts will be prepared for other materials.)
Furthermore, sectional specifications, blank detail specifications, and detail specifications for
each material will follow these parts.
This part of IEC 62899 is prepared for substrate used in printed electronics and contains the
test conditions, the evaluation methods and the storage conditions.

___________
Under consideration.
– 8 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
PRINTED ELECTRONICS –
Part 201: Materials – Substrates

1 Scope
This part of IEC 62899 defines the terms and specifies the evaluation method for substrates
used in the printing process to form electronic components/devices. This international
standard is also applied to the substrates which make surface treatment in order to improve
their performance.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050 (all parts), International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (available at
www.electropedia.org)
IEC 60093:1980, Methods of test for volume resistivity and surface resistivity of solid
electrical insulating materials
IEC 60216-1:2013, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 1:
Ageing procedures and evaluation of test results
IEC 60216-2, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 2:
Determination of thermal endurance properties of electrical insulating materials – Choice of
test criteria
IEC 60216-3, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 3:
Instructions for calculating thermal endurance characteristics
IEC 60216-4-1, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 4-1:
Ageing ovens – Single-chamber ovens
IEC 60216-5, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 5:
Determination of relative thermal endurance index (RTE) of an insulating material
IEC 60216-6, Electrical insulating materials – Thermal endurance properties – Part 6:
Determination of thermal endurance indices (TI and RTE) of an insulating material using the
fixed time frame method
IEC 60243-1:2013, Electric strength of insulating materials – Test methods – Part 1: Tests at
power frequencies
IEC 60674-2:1988, Specification for plastic films for electrical purposes – Part 2: Methods of
test
IEC 60674-2:1988/AMD1:2001
IEC 60674-3-1:1998, Plastic films for electrical purposes – Part 3: Specifications for
individual materials – Sheet 1: Biaxially oriented polypropylene (PP) films for capacitors
IEC 60674-3-1/AMD1:2011
IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing – Part11-10: Test flames – 50W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
IEC 60721-3-1, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 3 Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their severities – Section 1: Storage
IEC 60721-3-2, Classification of environmental conditions – Part 3: Classification of groups of
environmental parameters and their severities – Section 2: Transportation
IEC 61189-2:2006, Test methods for electrical materials, printed boards and other
interconnection structures and assemblies – Part 2: Test methods for materials for
interconnection structures
IEC 61189-3:2007, Test methods for electrical materials, printed boards and other
interconnection structures and assemblies – Part 3: Test methods for interconnection
structures (printed boards)
ISO 5-2, Photography and graphic technology – Density measurements – Part 2: Geometric
conditions for transmittance density
ISO 5-3, Photography and graphic technology – Density measurements – Part 3: Spectral
conditions
ISO 62, Plastics – Determination of water absorption
ISO 175:2010, Plastics – Methods of test for the determination of the effects of immersion in
liquid chemicals
ISO 291, Plastics – Standard atmospheres for conditioning and testing
ISO 472, Plastics – Vocabulary
ISO 489:1999, Plastics – Determination of refractive index
ISO 527-1:2012, Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Part 1: General principles
ISO 527-2, Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Part 2: Test conditions for
moulding and extrusion plastics
ISO 527-4, Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic
and orthotropic fibre-reinforced plastic composites
ISO 527-5, Plastics – Determination of tensile properties – Part 5: Test conditions for
unidirectional fibre-reinforced plastic composites
ISO 868, Plastics and ebonite – Determination of indentation hardness by means of a
durometer (Shore hardness)
ISO 2039-1, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 1: Ball indentation method
ISO 2039-2, Plastics – Determination of hardness – Part 2: Rockwell hardness

– 10 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
ISO 2578:1993, Plastics – Determination of time-temperature limits after prolonged exposure
to heat
ISO 3274, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method –
Nominal characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments
ISO 3664, Graphic technology and photography – Viewing conditions
ISO 4287, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method –
Terms, definitions and surface texture parameters
ISO 4288:1996, Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile method –
Rules and procedures for the assessment of surface texture
ISO 6383-1, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of tear resistance – Part 1: Trouser
tear method
ISO 6383-2, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of tear resistance – Part 2:
Elmendorf method
ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials – Vickers hardness test – Part 1: Test method
ISO 7991, Glass – Determination of coefficient of mean linear thermal expansion
ISO 9773:1998, Plastics – Determination of burning behaviour of thin flexible vertical
specimens in contact with a small-flame ignition source
ISO 9773:1998/AMD1:2003
ISO 11359-2:1999, Plastics – Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) – Part 2: Determination of
coefficient of linear thermal expansion and glass transition temperature
ISO 11664-4, Colorimetry – Part 4: CIE 1976 L*a*b* Colour space
ISO 13468-1:1996, Plastics – Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent
materials – Part 1: Single beam instrument
ISO 13468-2:1999, Plastics – Determination of the total luminous transmittance of transparent
materials – Part 2: Double-beam instrument
ISO 13565-2:1996, Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) – Surface texture: Profile
method; Surfaces having stratified functional properties – Part 2: Height characterization
using the linear material ratio curve
ISO 13655, Graphic technology – Spectral measurement and colorimetric computation for
graphic arts images
ISO 14782, Plastics – Determination of haze for transparent materials
ISO 15105-1, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of gas-transmission rate – Part 1:
Differential-pressure methods
ISO 15105-2:2003, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of gas-transmission rate –
Part 2: Equal-pressure method
ISO 15106-1, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of water vapour transmission rate
– Part 1: Humidity detection sensor method

ISO 15106-2, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of water vapour transmission rate
– Part 2: Infrared detection sensor method
ISO 15106-3, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of water vapour transmission rate
– Part 3: Electrolytic detection sensor method
ISO 15106-4, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Determination of water vapour transmission rate
– Part 4: Gas-chromatographic detection sensor method
ISO 15184, Paints and varnishes – Determination of film hardness by pencil test
ISO 15512, Plastics – Determination of water content
ISO 15989, Plastics – Film and sheeting – Measurement of water-contact angle of corona-
treated films
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050, IEC 60695-
11-10, ISO 472, ISO 4287, as well as the following apply.
3.1
bow and twist
distortion in the dimensions of a plastic object which occurs after moulding or processing
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1 for an example of bow and Figure 2 for an example of twist.
IEC
Figure 1 – Example of bow
B
A
C Twist
Touching base
point A, B and C
IEC
Figure 2 – Example of twist
BOW
– 12 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
3.2
roughness
surface property of a substrate which indicates a high-frequency component of irregular
elements in the profile curve
Note 1 to entry: Roughness is obtained as a roughness curve by subtracting noise and micro-waviness (see 3.3)
from the profile curve measured with a profile filter and phase compensation filter.
3.3
micro-waviness
surface property of a substrate which indicates a low-frequency component of irregular
elements in the profile curve
Note 1 to entry: Micro-waviness is obtained from the average line (from the deviation curve) of the measured profile
curve.
3.4
foreign substance on surface
substance which is located on the surface of the substrate and can be removed easily by
washing off with water, alcohols, cleaning agents, etc., or ultrasonic cleaning
3.5
foreign inclusion
substance which is completely embedded in the substrate or partially exposed on the surface
of the substrate, and cannot be removed by cleaning
3.6
edge condition
state of the edges of the substrate which indicates the presence of distortion, waviness,
scratches, fracture, burrs, or foreign substances
3.7
minimum bending radius
smallest limit bending radius for which permanent structural change does not occur
3.8
tear strength
force required to rip test specimens apart
Note 1 to entry: The unit of tear strength is newton (N).
3.9
tear propagation resistance
tear strength (see 3.8) divided by thickness
Note 1 to entry: The unit of tear propagation resistance is newton/millimetre (N/mm).
3.10
gas transmission
ease of gas which passes through a unit area of a substrate per unit time under specified
temperature and humidity conditions
3.11
water vapour transmission
amount of water vapour which passes through a unit area of a substrate per unit time under
specified temperature and humidity conditions
Note 1 to entry: Water vapour transmission is generally expressed as the mass of water vapour which passes
2 2
through an area of 1 m in 24 h (g/m ·d).

3.12
oxygen gas transmission
amount of oxygen which passes through a unit area of substrate per unit time and unit partial
pressure between both sides of the substrate under specified temperature and humidity
conditions
3.13
electric strength
quotient of the maximum voltage applied without breakdown, by the distance between
conducting parts under prescribed test conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-212:2010, 212-11-37]
3.14
temperature index
numerical value corresponding to the temperature, in degrees Celsius, derived from the
thermal endurance relationship at a given time (normally 20 000 h)
[SOURCE: ISO 2578:1993, 3.1, modified – “numerical value” is used instead of “number”.]
3.15
relative temperature index
temperature index (see 3.14) of a test material, obtained at the time which corresponds to the
known temperature index of a reference material when both materials are subjected to the
same ageing and diagnostic procedures in a comparative test
[SOURCE: ISO 2578:1993, 3.2, modified – the reference to “temperature index” has been
added.]
3.16
chip
place from which a small piece of glass has been removed from the glass
surface
3.17
crack
lines on the surface of the central or edge of glass where it has broken but
not split into separate parts
3.18
scratch
shallow grooves on a glass surface which are made during handling
Note 1 to entry: A scratch may be accompanied by a crack.
4 Materials, structures and dimensions
4.1 Base materials
Base materials are used in the printing process to form electronic components/devices that are
polymer, glass and other materials such as ceramics, metal, paper, etc.
4.2 Structures of substrates
The substrate shall have a monolithic structure of one of the materials specified in 4.1, a
composite structure of several of those materials, or a reinforced composite structure
strengthened with fibres or particles. The surface of the substrate may be treated to enhance
the wettability, adhesive property, gas transmission, smoothness, and electric insulation.

– 14 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
4.3 Dimensions of substrates
4.3.1 Outline
Substrates made of the material(s) specified in 4.1 and with a structure specified in 4.2
shall be supplied in the form of (rigid or flexible) sheets or rolls.
The preferred area dimensions (width and length) of the substrate are shown below. The
preferred thickness is specified in 4.3.4. The dimensions of the substrate shall be agreed
between user and supplier, and described in the product specifications.
4.3.2 Sheet dimensions
The recommended standard area dimensions (width and length) of a sheet are shown
below. The tolerance of width and length is ±1 mm.
370 mm × 470 mm，550 mm × 650 mm, 680 mm × 880 mm, and 1 100 mm × 1 300 mm
4.3.3 Width and length (roll supply)
4.3.3.1 Polymer substrates
Preferred substrate widths are 800 mm and 1 600 mm with a tolerance of ±1 mm. The test
method for substrate width shall be as specified in IEC 60674-2:1988, Clause 5.
The substrate winding length on a roll shall be as agreed between user and supplier.
The inner diameter of a roll winding core shall be 7,62 cm (3 inches) or 15,24 cm (6 inches).
The core shape shall be cylindrical. The core material may be any material which can be used
in a level 100 clean room.
The winding condition on a roll shall be evaluated by referring to IEC 60674-2:1988, Clause 6.
The sum of the curvature and sag shall be 10 mm or less.
The roll winding misalignment of the roll (the difference between the roll width and the
maximum substrate width) shall comply with Table 1.
Table 1 – Winding misalignment of the roll
Dimensions in millimetres
Substrate width Winding misalignment
less than 150 0,5 or less
150 to less than 300 1,0 or less
300 or more 2,0 or less
4.3.3.2 Glass substrates
Preferred substrate widths are 300 mm, 600 mm, 800 mm and 1 600 mm with a tolerance of
±5 mm. Substrate winding length on a roll shall be as agreed between user and supplier.
The inner diameter of the roll winding core, core material, roll winding condition and roll
winding misalignment should be as specified in the stipulations regarding the polymer
substrate.
4.3.3.3 Other materials
Under consideration.
4.3.4 Substrate thickness
4.3.4.1 Polymer substrates
Substrate nominal thickness shall be selected from 5 µm, 7,5 µm, 10 µm，12,5 µm, 20 µm,
25 µm, 30 µm, 38 µm, 50 µm，75 µm, 100 µm, 125 µm, 150 µm, 188 µm，200 µm or 250 µm.
The tolerance of the nominal thickness shall be ±10%.
4.3.4.2 Glass substrates
Substrate nominal thickness should be selected from 5 µm, 10µm, 20 µm, 30 µm, 40 µm,
50 µm，70 µm, 100 µm, 125 µm, 150 µm, 200 µm，250 µm, 300 µm, 400 µm, 500 µm, 600 µm,
700 µm, 800 µm or 1 000 µm. The tolerance of the nominal thickness should be ±10 %.
4.3.4.3 Other materials
Under consideration.
5 General descriptions of evaluation tests
5.1 Sampling
Under consideration.
5.2 Preparation of test specimens
The substrate shall be in its original form, or cut into the appropriate size for testing.
Care should be taken not to touch the test specimens with fingers, etc. The specimens shall
not be cleaned unless otherwise specified.
5.3 Atmospheric conditions for evaluation test
The temperature and humidity conditions for evaluation tests shall be at a temperature of
23 °C ± 1 °C and relative humidity of (50 ± 5) % according to ISO 291 unless otherwise
specified.
5.4 Conditioning
5.4.1 Polymer substrates
Polymer substrates need conditioning. Unless otherwise specified, the test specimens to be
evaluated shall be stored at a temperature of 23 °C ± 1 °C and relative humidity of
(50 ± 5) % for 48 h or more.
5.4.2 Glass substrates
Since glass substrates have no hygroscopicity, conditioning is generally not necessary.
5.4.3 Other materials
Under consideration.
– 16 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
6 Characteristics and evaluation method of polymer substrates
6.1 Surface properties
6.1.1 Surface defects
6.1.1.1 General characteristics
The surface of a substrate shall not have the following defects. However, since the maximum
permissible size of defects depends on the purpose, the defect condition shall be agreed upon
between user and supplier.
– Pinholes, hollows, blisters, pimples, fish-eyes, speckles, cracks, fractures, wrinkles,
detachment and creep
6.1.1.2 Detection method
The surface defects of a substrate shall be detected with normal or corrected vision (6/6 or
better), with a microscope, or with a surface inspection machine such as a stylus-based
profilometer, or WLI (white light interferometry).
6.1.1.3 Report of the results
The report shall include the following items. For defect(s) not exceeding the permissible size,
items b) through f) may be omitted:
a) type of defects;
b) length of each defect;
c) width of each defect;
d) depth or height of each defect;
e) number of defects;
f) position of each defect.
6.1.2 Flatness
6.1.2.1 Bow and twist
6.1.2.1.1 Test method
Bow and twist are expressed as the bow ratio and twist ratio according to IEC 61189-3:2007,
9.4 (test 3M04).
The permissible bow ratio and twist ratio shall be agreed upon between user and supplier as
required. This agreement should consider the actual use on products as well as the
manufacturing process.
6.1.2.1.2 Report of the results
The report shall include the bow ratio and twist ratio.
6.1.2.2 Surface roughness
6.1.2.2.1 Procedure of measurement and calculation
Surface roughness is expressed as the arithmetic mean roughness (Ra). However,
unevenness (extrusions) which exceeds the level difference (Rk) at the core shall be treated
as protrusions.
Ra shall be obtained as follows.

Measurement shall be made using a contact (stylus) instrument specified in ISO 3274 and a
roughness parameter shall be calculated according to ISO 4288:1996, 7.2. From the profile
curve obtained, stylus strain and noise are removed with a profile filter and the form deviation
curve (waviness curve) is extracted. The cut-off value (wavelength) of the phase
compensation filter used to distinguish the waviness curve shall be the wavelength at an
amplitude transmission rate of 50 %. The high-frequency component (short-wavelength
component) curve obtained is treated as a surface roughness curve, from which the arithmetic
mean roughness (Ra) is calculated.
For protrusions, Rk shall be obtained according to ISO 13565-2:1996, Clause 4; unevenness
exceeding this value is treated as protrusions, and the number of protrusions per unit area is
calculated.
6.1.2.2.2 Report of the results
The report shall include the following items:
a) measuring instruments;
b) sampling method and place, and specimen size;
c) result of Ra measurement;
d) number of protrusions.
6.1.2.3 Micro-waviness
6.1.2.3.1 Procedure of measurement and calculation
Micro-waviness is expressed as the arithmetic mean waviness (Wa). Wa is obtained as follows.
Measurement shall be made using a stylus (contact) instrument specified in ISO 3274 and a
roughness parameter shall be calculated according to ISO 4288:1996, 7.2. From the profile
curve obtained, stylus strain and noise are removed with a profile filter and the roughness
curve is extracted. The cut-off value (wavelength) of the phase compensation filter used to
distinguish the roughness curve shall be the wavelength at an amplitude transmission rate of
50 %. The low-frequency component (long-wavelength component) curve obtained is treated
as a form deviation curve (waviness curve), from which the arithmetic mean waviness (Wa) is
calculated.
6.1.2.3.2 Report of the results
The report shall include the following items:
a) measuring instruments;
b) sampling method and place, and specimen size;
c) result of Wa measurement.
6.1.3 Surface condition
6.1.3.1 Contact angle
6.1.3.1.1 Test method
The contact angle shall be measured as specified in ISO 15989, using water or some other
solvent which does not affect the substrate.
6.1.3.1.2 Report of the results
The report shall include the following items:
a) sampling method and place;
– 18 – IEC 62899-201:2016 © IEC 2016
b) substrate and water or other solvent;
c) test conditions (temperature and humidity);
d) mean contact angle.
6.1.3.2 Foreign substances on the surface
6.1.3.2.1 Principle
Regarding foreign substances on the surface of the substrate, those which are equal to or
greater than the specified size (maximum diameter) agreed between user and supplier shall
be detected.
6.1.3.2.2 Inspection method
Foreign substances shall be detected with normal or corrected vision (6/6 or better), with a
microscope, edge light, or with a surface inspection machine. There shall be no foreign
substances which are equal to or greater than the specified size (maximum diameter) agreed
between user and supplier.
6.1.3.2.3 Report of the results
The report shall include the following items:
a) detection method;
b) inspection method (100 % or sampling), sampling method and place, and specimen size;
c) no foreign substances which are equal to or greater than a certain size (maximum
diameter).
6.1.3.3 Foreign inclusions
6.1.3.3.1 Principle
For foreign substances and voids which are included in the substrate, those which are
equal
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