IEC 61010-031:2022

IEC 61010-031 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
GROUP SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION GROUPÉE DE SÉCURITÉ
Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use –
Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held and hand-manipulated probe
assemblies for electrical test and measurement

Exigences de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation
et de laboratoire –
Partie 031: Exigences de sécurité pour sondes équipées tenues à la main
et manipulées pour mesurage et essais électriques

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IEC 61010-031 ®
Edition 3.0 2022-12
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
GROUP SAFETY PUBLICATION
PUBLICATION GROUPÉE DE SÉCURITÉ

Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and

laboratory use –
Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held and hand-manipulated probe

assemblies for electrical test and measurement

Exigences de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation

et de laboratoire –
Partie 031: Exigences de sécurité pour sondes équipées tenues à la main

et manipulées pour mesurage et essais électriques

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 19.080 ISBN 978-2-8322-6196-5

– 2 – IEC 61010-031:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions . 11
3.1 Parts and accessories . 11
3.2 Quantities . 12
3.3 Tests . 12
3.4 Safety terms . 13
3.5 Insulation . 14
4 General . 15
4.1 Type of probe assemblies . 15
4.2 Safety aspects . 19
4.2.1 Identified HAZARDS . 19
4.2.2 Aspects excluded . 19
4.3 Verification. 19
4.4 Environmental conditions . 20
4.4.1 Normal environmental conditions . 20
4.4.2 Extended environmental conditions . 20
5 Tests . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Sequence of tests . 21
5.3 Reference test conditions. 21
5.3.1 Environmental conditions . 21
5.3.2 State of probe assemblies . 21
5.3.3 Position of the probe assembly . 21
5.3.4 Accessories . 21
5.3.5 Covers and removable parts . 21
5.3.6 Input and output voltages . 22
5.3.7 Controls . 22
5.3.8 Connections . 22
5.3.9 Short-term or intermittent operation . 22
5.4 Testing in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION. 22
5.4.1 General . 22
5.4.2 Application of fault conditions . 22
5.4.3 Duration of tests . 23
5.4.4 Conformity after application of fault conditions . 23
5.5 Tests in REASONABLY FORESEEABLE MISUSE . 23
5.5.1 General . 23
5.5.2 Fuses . 23
6 Marking and documentation . 24
6.1 Marking . 24
6.1.1 General . 24
6.1.2 Identification . 24
6.1.3 Fuses . 25
6.1.4 CONNECTORS and operating devices . 25
6.1.5 RATING . 26

6.2 Warning markings . 26
6.3 Durability of markings . 26
6.4 Documentation . 27
6.4.1 General . 27
6.4.2 Probe assembly RATING . 27
6.4.3 Probe assembly operation . 27
6.4.4 Probe assembly maintenance and service . 28
7 Protection against electric shock . 28
7.1 General . 28
7.2 Determination of ACCESSIBLE parts . 29
7.2.1 General . 29
7.2.2 Examination . 29
7.2.3 Openings for pre-set controls . 30
7.3 Limit values for ACCESSIBLE parts . 30
7.3.1 General . 30
7.3.2 Levels in NORMAL CONDITION . 31
7.3.3 Levels in SINGLE FAULT CONDITION . 31
7.3.4 Measurement of voltage and touch current . 33
7.4 Means of protection against electric shock . 36
7.4.1 General . 36
7.4.2 CONNECTORS . 37
7.4.3 PROBE TIPS. 39
7.4.4 Impedance . 42
7.4.5 PROTECTIVE IMPEDANCE . 42
7.4.6 BASIC INSULATION, SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION, DOUBLE INSULATION and
REINFORCED INSULATION . 42
7.5 Insulation requirements . 43
7.5.1 The nature of insulation . 43
7.5.2 CLEARANCES. 43
7.5.3 CREEPAGE DISTANCES . 48
7.5.4 Solid insulation for probe assemblies . 50
7.6 Procedure for voltage tests . 55
7.6.1 General . 55
7.6.2 Humidity preconditioning . 56
7.6.3 Conduct of tests . 56
7.6.4 Test voltages . 57
7.6.5 Test procedures . 59
7.7 Constructional requirements for protection against electric shock . 60
7.7.1 General . 60
7.7.2 Insulating materials . 60
7.7.3 ENCLOSURES of probe assemblies with DOUBLE INSULATION or
REINFORCED INSULATION . 60
7.7.4 PROBE WIRE attachment . 61
8 Protection against mechanical HAZARDS . 64
9 Resistance to mechanical stresses . 64
9.1 General . 64
9.2 Rigidity test . 65
9.3 Drop test . 65
9.4 Impact swing test . 65

– 4 – IEC 61010-031:2022 © IEC 2022
10 Temperature limits . 66
11 Protection against HAZARDS from fluids . 67
11.1 Cleaning . 67
11.2 Specially protected probe assemblies . 67
12 Components . 67
12.1 General . 67
12.2 Fuses. 67
12.3 PROBE WIRE . 68
12.3.1 General . 68
12.3.2 RATING of PROBE WIRE . 68
12.3.3 Pressure test at high temperature for insulations . 68
12.3.4 Tests for resistance of insulation to cracking . 70
12.3.5 Voltage test . 70
12.3.6 Tensile test . 71
13 Prevention of HAZARD from arc flash and short-circuits . 73
13.1 General . 73
13.2 Exposed conductive parts . 73
Annex A (normative) Measuring circuits for touch current (see 7.3) . 74
A.1 Measuring circuits for AC with frequencies up to 1 MHz and for DC . 74
A.2 Measuring circuits for AC with sinusoidal frequencies up to 100 Hz and
for DC . 74
A.3 Current measuring circuit for electrical burns at frequencies above 100 kHz . 75
A.4 Current measuring circuit for WET LOCATIONS . 76
Annex B (normative) Standard test fingers . 78
Annex C (normative) Measurement of CLEARANCES and CREEPAGE DISTANCES . 81
Annex D (normative) Routine spark tests on PROBE WIRE . 83
D.1 General . 83
D.2 Spark test procedure . 83
D.3 Routine spark test method for PROBE WIRE . 85
Annex E (informative)  4 mm CONNECTORS . 87
E.1 General . 87
E.2 Dimensions . 87
Annex F (normative) MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 89
F.1 General . 89
F.2 MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 89
F.2.1 MEASUREMENT CATEGORY II . 89
F.2.2 MEASUREMENT CATEGORY III . 89
F.2.3 MEASUREMENT CATEGORY IV . 89
F.2.4 Probe assemblies without a MEASUREMENT CATEGORY RATING. 90
Annex G (informative) Determination of CLEARANCES for Table 2 . 92
Annex H (informative) Line-to-neutral voltages for common mains supply systems . 93
Annex I (informative) Index of defined terms . 95
Bibliography . 97

Figure 1 – Example of a STACKABLE CONNECTOR with a male CONNECTOR and a female
TERMINAL . 12
Figure 2 – Examples of Type A probe assemblies . 16

Figure 3 – Example of Type B probe assemblies . 17
Figure 4 – Examples of Type D probe assemblies . 18
Figure 5 – Examples of Type E probe assemblies . 18
Figure 6 – Examples of Type F probe assemblies . 19
Figure 7 – Methods for determination of ACCESSIBLE parts . 30
Figure 8 – Capacitance level versus voltage in NORMAL CONDITION and SINGLE FAULT
CONDITION (see 7.3.2 c) and 7.3.3 c)) . 32
Figure 9 – Voltage and touch current measurement . 33
Figure 10 – Voltage and touch current measurement for the REFERENCE CONNECTOR . 34
Figure 11 – Voltage and touch current measurement with shielded test probe . 35
Figure 12 – Maximum test probe input voltage for 70 mA touch current. 36
Figure 13 – Protection by a PROTECTIVE FINGERGUARD . 40
Figure 14 – Protection by distance . 40
Figure 15 – Protection by tactile indicator . 41
Figure 16 – Example of probe assembly with IP2X PROBE TIP . 41
Figure 17 – Example of recurring peak voltage . 47
Figure 18 – Distance between conductors on an interface between two layers . 52
Figure 19 – Distance between adjacent conductors along an interface of two layers . 53
Figure 20 – Distance between adjacent conductors located between the same two

layers. 54
Figure 21 – Flexing test . 62
Figure 22 – Rotational flexing test . 64
Figure 23 – Impact swing test . 66
Figure 24 – Indentation device . 69
Figure A.1 – Measuring circuit for AC with frequencies up to 1 MHz and for DC . 74
Figure A.2 – Measuring circuits for AC with sinusoidal frequencies up to 100 Hz and
for DC . 75
Figure A.3 – Current measuring circuit for electrical burns . 76
Figure A.4 – Current measuring circuit for high frequency test probes . 76
Figure A.5 – Current measuring circuit for WET LOCATIONS . 77
Figure B.1 – Rigid test finger . 78
Figure B.2 – Jointed test finger . 79
Figure D.1 – Bead chain configuration (if applicable) . 84
Figure E.1 – Recommended dimensions of 4 mm CONNECTORS . 88
Figure F.1 – Example to identify the locations of MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES. 90

Table 1 – Symbols . 25
Table 2 – CLEARANCES for unmated CONNECTORS . 38
Table 3 – Multiplication factors for CLEARANCES of probe assembly RATED for operation
at altitudes up to 5 000 m . 44
Table 4 – CLEARANCES for probe assemblies RATED for MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 44
Table 5 – CLEARANCE values for the calculation of 7.5.2.3.2 . 46
Table 6 – CLEARANCES for BASIC INSULATION in probe assemblies subjected to recurring
WORKING VOLTAGES with frequencies above 30 kHz . 48
peak voltages or
Table 7 – CREEPAGE DISTANCES for BASIC INSULATION or SUPPLEMENTARY INSULATION . 49

– 6 – IEC 61010-031:2022 © IEC 2022
Table 8 – Impulse test voltages for testing electric strength of solid insulation for probe
assemblies RATED for MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 51
Table 9 – AC test voltages for testing electric strength of solid insulation for probe
RATED for MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 51
assemblies
Table 10 – Minimum values for distance or thickness of solid insulation for probe
assemblies RATED for MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 53
Table 11 – Test voltages based on CLEARANCES . 58
Table 12 – Correction factors according to test site altitude for test voltages for
CLEARANCES . 59
Table 13 – Pull forces for PROBE WIRE attachment tests . 63
Table 14 – Surface temperature limits in NORMAL CONDITION . 66
Table 15 – Diameter of mandrel and numbers of turns . 70
Table C.1 – Dimension of X . 81
Table C.2 – Methods of measuring CLEARANCES and CREEPAGE DISTANCES . 81
Table D.1 – Maximum centre-to-centre spacings of bead chains . 83
Table D.2 – Formula for maximum speed of wire in terms of electrode length L of link-
or bead-chain electrode . 85
Table F.1 – Characteristics of MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES . 91
Table G.1 – CLEARANCES values for Table 2 . 92
Table H.1 – Line-to-neutral voltages for common mains supply systems . 94

INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
FOR MEASUREMENT, CONTROL, AND LABORATORY USE –

Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held and hand-manipulated
probe assemblies for electrical test and measurement

FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
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preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 61010-031 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 66: Safety of measuring, control
and laboratory equipment. It is an International Standard.
It has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2015, and
Amendment 1:2018. IEC 61010-031 is a stand-alone standard.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) the scope has been made succinct. General information from the scope of Edition 2 has
been moved to a new Clause 4. Consequently, Clause 4 to Clause 8 of Edition 2 have been
renumbered. Clause 9 of Edition 2 has been deleted;

– 8 – IEC 61010-031:2022 © IEC 2022
b) in Clause 2, normative references have been dated and new normative references have
been added;
c) in 3.1.4, the definition of PROBE TIP has been modified;
d) in 4.1, there is no longer any differentiation between high voltage and low voltage probe
assemblies. Type C probe assemblies have been merged with Type B probe assemblies;
e) in 4.1 d) "Kelvin" probes have been added to the list of probe assemblies as a new Type E
and a new Figure 5;
f) in 4.1 e), probes for voltage measurement without electrical connection to conductors have
been added to the list of probe assemblies as a new Type F and a new Figure 6;
g) in 4.2.1, spread of fire is no longer considered as a HAZARD;
h) Subclause 4.4.2.5 from Edition 2 has been deleted;
i) Subclause 4.4.4.3 from Edition 2 has been deleted;
j) in 5.4.4.1 consideration has been given to SPACINGS and impedance;
k) in 6.1.1, removable parts of PROBE TIPS which bear markings are allowed;
l) in 6.1.5, the voltage to be marked for MEASUREMENT CATEGORIES is the AC line-to-neutral or
DC voltage;
m) in 7.4.2, requirements for unmated CONNECTORS have been modified as follows:
1) Table 2 has been modified and expanded,
2) a calculation method for CLEARANCES of CONNECTORS above 20 kV has been defined,
CREEPAGE DISTANCES have been aligned with CLEARANCES;
3)
n) in 7.4.3.1 and 7.4.3.5, requirements for IP2X PROBE TIPS with retractable sleeve have been
added;
o) in 7.4.3.2, PROBE TIPS are now applicable to non-contact probe assemblies;
p) in 7.5.2.3.2, the values of Table 5 have been modified;
q) in 7.6.2, voltage tests of CLEARANCES are done without humidity preconditioning;
r) pre-treatments for rigidity test from Clause 10 of Edition 2 have been moved to 9.2;
s) Subclause 11.1 of Edition 2 has been deleted;
t) addition of an exception for Type E probe assembly in 13.2. Removable parts of PROBE TIPS
which bear markings are allowed;
u) Figure F.1 has been modified;
v) Annex G has been added, for determination of CLEARANCES for Table 2;
w) Annex H has been added, covering line-to-neutral voltages for common mains supply
systems.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
66/770/FDIS 66/771/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.

A list of all parts of the IEC 61010 series, published under the general title, Safety requirements
for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use, can be found on the IEC
website.
In this document the following print types are used:
– requirements and definitions: in roman type;
NOTES and EXAMPLES: in smaller roman type;
–
– conformity and tests: in italic type;
– terms used throughout this document which have been defined in Clause 3: SMALL ROMAN
CAPITALS.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

– 10 – IEC 61010-031:2022 © IEC 2022
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
FOR MEASUREMENT, CONTROL, AND LABORATORY USE –

Part 031: Safety requirements for hand-held and hand-manipulated
probe assemblies for electrical test and measurement

1 Scope
This part of IEC 61010 specifies safety requirements for hand-held and hand-manipulated probe
assemblies for electrical test and measurement, and their related accessories. These probe
assemblies are for non-contact or direct electrical connection between a part and electrical test
and measurement equipment. They can be fixed to the equipment or be detachable accessories
for the equipment.
This group safety publication focusing on safety essential requirements is primarily intended to
be used as a product safety standard for the products mentioned in the scope, but is also
intended to be used by technical committees in the preparation of publications for products
similar to those mentioned in the scope of this group safety publication, in accordance with the
principles laid down in IEC Guide 104 and lSO/lEC Guide 51.
One of the responsibilities of a technical committee is, wherever applicable, to make use of
basic safety publications and/or group safety publications in the preparation of its publications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60027-1:1992, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 1: General
IEC 60027-1:1992/AMD1:1997
IEC 60027-1:1992/AMD2:2005
IEC 60027-2:2019, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 2:
Telecommunications and electronics
IEC 60027-4:2006, Letter symbols to be used in electrical technology – Part 4: Rotating electric
machines
IEC 60529:1989, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60529:1989/AMD1:1999
IEC 60529:1989/AMD2:2013
IEC 61010-1:2010, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and
laboratory use – Part 1: General requirements
IEC 61010-1:2010/AMD1:2016
IEC 61180:2016, High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage equipment – Definitions, test and
procedure requirements, test equipment

3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply (see Annex I for
index of defined terms).
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Parts and accessories
3.1.1
TERMINAL
component provided for the connection of a device (equipment) to external conductors
Note 1 to entry: TERMINALS can contain one or several contacts and the term includes sockets, pins, etc.
3.1.2
ENCLOSURE
part providing protection of a probe assembly against certain external influences and, in any
direction, protection against direct contact
3.1.3
PROTECTIVE FINGERGUARD
part of the ENCLOSURE that indicates the limit of safe access and that reduces the risk of the
OPERATOR touching HAZARDOUS LIVE parts
3.1.4
PROBE TIP
part of a probe assembly or accessory which can touch the point being measured or tested
3.1.5
CONNECTOR
component which is attached to the PROBE WIRE, to connect the probe assembly to a TERMINAL
of the equipment or to another probe assembly
3.1.6
REFERENCE CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR for connection to a reference point
3.1.7
TOOL
external device, including a key or coin, used to aid a person performing a mechanical function
3.1.8
PROBE WIRE
flexible wire or cable used as part of the probe assembly or its accessories, consisting of one
or more conductors and associated insulation
3.1.9
SPRING-LOADED CLIP
probe or probe accessory with one or more hooks or jaws forced by a spring to grip the part
being measured or tested
– 12 – IEC 61010-031:2022 © IEC 2022
3.1.10
STACKABLE CONNECTOR
CONNECTOR assembly which contains an additional TERMINAL
EXAMPLE Figure 1 is an example of a STACKABLE CONNECTOR with a male CONNECTOR and a female TERMINAL.

Key
1 TERMINAL for ADDITIONAL CONNECTOR
2 CONNECTOR
3 PROBE WIRE
Figure 1 – Example of a STACKABLE CONNECTOR
with a male CONNECTOR and a female TERMINAL
3.2 Quantities
3.2.1
RATED
RATED value
condition or quantity value assigned, generally by a manufacturer, for a specified operating
condition of a component, device, or probe assembly
3.2.2
RATING
set of RATED values and operating conditions
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-11]
3.2.3
WORKING VOLTAGE
highest RMS value of the AC or DC voltage across any particular insulation which can
continuously appear during NORMAL USE
Note 1 to entry: Transients and voltage fluctuations are not considered to be part of the WORKING VOLTAGE.
3.3 Tests
3.3.1
TYPE TEST
test of one or more samples of a probe assembly (or parts of a probe assembly) made to a
particular design, to show that the design and construction meet the requirements of this
document
Note 1 to entry: This is an enlargement of the IEC 60050-151:2001, 151-16-16 definition to cover design as well as
c
...