EN 62109-1:2010

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2011
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Safety of power conversion equipment for use in photovoltaic power systems - Part 1:
General requirements
Sicherheit von Wechselrichtern zur Anwendung in photovoltaischen Energiesystemen -
Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
Sécurité des convertisseurs de puissance utilisés dans les réseaux d’énergie
photovoltaïque - Partie 1: Exigences générales
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62109-1:2010
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
29.200 8VPHUQLNL3UHWYRUQLNL Rectifiers. Convertors.
6WDELOL]LUDQRHOHNWULþQR Stabilized power supply
QDSDMDQMH
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 62109-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2010
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 27.160
English version
Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems -
Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 62109-1:2010)
Sécurité des convertisseurs de puissance Sicherheit von Wechselrichtern
utilisés dans les réseaux d’énergie zur Anwendung in photovoltaischen
photovoltaïque - Energiesystemen -
Partie 1: Exigences générales Teil 1: Allgemeine Anforderungen
(CEI 62109-1:2010) (IEC 62109-1:2010)

This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2010-07-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.

Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the Central Secretariat or to any CENELEC member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official versions.

CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels

© 2010 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 62109-1:2010 E
Foreword
The text of document 82/593/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62109-1, prepared by IEC TC 82, Solar
photovoltaic energy systems, was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and was approved by
CENELEC as EN 62109-1 on 2010-07-01.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
The following dates were fixed:
– latest date by which the EN has to be implemented
at national level by publication of an identical
(dop) 2011-04-01
national standard or by endorsement
– latest date by which the national standards conflicting
(dow) 2013-07-01
with the EN have to be withdrawn
Annex ZA has been added by CENELEC.
__________
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62109-1:2010 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
__________
- 3 - EN 62109-1:2010
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE  When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques - HD 588.1 -
Part 1: General definitions and test
requirements
IEC 60085 - Electrical insulation - Thermal evaluation and EN 60085 -
designation
IEC 60112 - Method for the determination of the proof and EN 60112 -
the comparative tracking indices of solid
insulating materials
IEC 60216-1 - Electrical insulating materials - Properties of EN 60216-1 -
thermal endurance -
Part 1: Ageing procedures and evaluation of
test results
IEC 60216-2 - Electrical insulating materials - Thermal EN 60216-2 -
endurance properties -
Part 2: Determination of thermal endurance
properties of electrical insulating materials -
Choice of test criteria
IEC 60216-3 - Electrical insulating materials - Thermal EN 60216-3 -
endurance properties -
Part 3: Instructions for calculating thermal
endurance characteristics
IEC 60216-4-1 - Electrical insulating materials - Thermal EN 60216-4-1 -
endurance properties -
Part 4-1: Ageing ovens - Single-chamber
ovens
IEC 60216-5 - Electrical insulating materials - Thermal EN 60216-5 -
endurance properties -
Part 5: Determination of relative thermal
endurance index (RTE) of an insulating
material
IEC 60216-6 - Electrical insulating materials - Thermal EN 60216-6 -
endurance properties -
Part 6: Determination of thermal endurance
indices (TI and RTE) of an insulating material
using the fixed time frame method

IEC 60227-1 2007 Polyvinyl chloride insulated cables of rated - -
voltages up to and including 450/750 V -
Part 1: General requirements
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60245-1 2003 Rubber insulated cables - Rated voltages up - -
to and including 450/750 V -
Part 1: General requirements
IEC 60309 Series Plugs, socket-outlets and couplers for EN 60309 Series
industrial purposes
IEC 60320 Series Appliance couplers for household and similar EN 60320 Series
general purposes
IEC 60364-1 (mod) 2005 Low-voltage electrical installations - HD 60364-1 2008
Part 1: Fundamental principles, assessment of
general characteristics, definitions

IEC 60364-5-54 - Electrical installations of buildings - HD 60364-5-54 -
(mod) Part 5-54: Selection and erection of electrical
equipment - Earthing arrangements,
protective conductors and protective bonding
conductors
IEC 60417 - Graphical symbols for use on equipment - -

IEC 60529 - Degrees of protection provided by enclosures EN 60529 -
(IP Code)
IEC 60664 Series Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664 Series
low-voltage systems
IEC 60664-1 2007 Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-1 2007
low-voltage systems -
Part 1: Principles, requirements and tests

IEC 60664-3 2003 Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-3 2003
low-voltage systems -
Part 3: Use of coating, potting or moulding for
protection against pollution
IEC 60664-4 2005 Insulation coordination for equipment within EN 60664-4 2006
low-voltage systems - + corr. October 2006
Part 4: Consideration of high-frequency
voltage stress
IEC 60695-2-11 - Fire hazard testing - EN 60695-2-11 -
Part 2-11: Glowing/hot-wire based test
methods - Glow-wire flammability test method
for end-products
IEC/TS 60695-2-20 - Fire hazard testing - - -
Part 2-20: Glowing/hot wire based test
methods - Hot-wire coil ignitability -
Apparatus, test method and guidance

IEC 60695-11-5 - Fire hazard testing - EN 60695-11-5 -
Part 11-5: Test flames - Needle-flame test
method - Apparatus, confirmatory test
arrangement and guidance
IEC 60695-11-10 - Fire hazard testing - EN 60695-11-10 -
Part 11-10: Test flames - 50 W horizontal and
vertical flame test methods
IEC 60695-11-20 - Fire hazard testing - EN 60695-11-20 -
Part 11-20: Test flames - 500 W flame test
methods
- 5 - EN 62109-1:2010
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

1)
IEC 60730-1 (mod) 2010 Automatic electrical controls for household EN 60730-1 201X
and similar use -
Part 1: General requirements
IEC/TR 60755 - General requirements for residual current - -
operated protective devices
IEC 60950-1 (mod) 2005 Information technology equipment - Safety - EN 60950-1 2006
Part 1: General requirements + A11 2009

IEC 60990 1999 Methods of measurement of touch current and EN 60990 1999
protective conductor current
IEC 61032 - Protection of persons and equipment by EN 61032 -
enclosures - Probes for verification

IEC 61180-1 - High-voltage test techniques for low-voltage EN 61180-1 -
equipment -
Part 1: Definitions, test and procedure
requirements
IEC 62020 - Electrical accessories - Residual current EN 62020 -
monitors for household and similar uses
(RCMs)
ISO 178 - Plastics - Determination of flexural properties EN ISO 178 -

ISO 179 Series Plastics - Determination of Charpy impact EN ISO 179 Series
properties
ISO 180 - Plastics - Determination of Izod impact EN ISO 180 -
strength
ISO 261 - ISO general-purpose metric screw threads - - -
General plan
ISO 262 - ISO general-purpose metric screw threads - - -
Selected sizes for screws, bolts and nuts

ISO 527 Series Plastics - Determination of tensile properties EN ISO 527 Series

ISO 3746 - Acoustics - Determination of sound power EN ISO 3746 -
levels of noise sources using sound pressure -
Survey method using an enveloping
measurement surface over a reflecting plane

ISO 4892-1 - Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory EN ISO 4892-1 -
light sources -
Part 1: General guidance
ISO 4892-2 - Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory EN ISO 4892-2 -
light sources -
Part 2: Xenon-arc lamps
ISO 4892-4 - Plastics - Methods of exposure to laboratory - -
light sources -
Part 4: Open-flame carbon-arc lamps

ISO 7000 - Graphical symbols for use on equipment - - -
Index and synopsis
ISO 8256 - Plastics - Determination of tensile-impact EN ISO 8256 -
strength
ISO 9614-1 - Acoustics - Determination of sound power EN ISO 9614-1 -
levels of noise sources using sound intensity -
Part 1: Measurement at discrete points

1)
At draft stage.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

ISO 9614-2 - Acoustics - Determination of sound power EN ISO 9614-2 -
levels of noise sources using sound intensity -
Part 2: Measurement by scanning

ISO 9614-3 - Acoustics - Determination of sound power EN ISO 9614-3 -
levels of noise sources using sound intensity -
Part 3: Precision method for measurement by
scanning
ANSI/ASTM E84 - Standard Test Method for Surface Burning - -
Characteristics of Building Materials

ANSI/UL 746B - Polymeric Materials - Long-Term Property - -
Evaluations
ANSI/UL 746C - Polymeric Materials - Used in Electrical - -
Equipment Evaluations
ASTM E162 - Standard Test Method for Surface - -
Flammability of Materials Using a Radiant
Heat Energy Source
IEC 62109-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2010-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Safety of power converters for use in photovoltaic power systems –
Part 1: General requirements
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
XG
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-88910-621-9
– 2 – 62109-1 © IEC:2010(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.8
INTRODUCTION.10
1 Scope and object.11
1.1 Scope.11
1.1.1 Equipment included in scope .11
1.1.2 Equipment for which other requirements may apply .11
1.2 Object .11
1.2.1 Aspects included in scope .11
1.2.2 Aspects excluded from scope .12
2 Normative references .12
3 Terms and definitions .15
4 General testing requirements.25
4.1 General .25
4.2 General conditions for testing.25
4.2.1 Sequence of tests.25
4.2.2 Reference test conditions .25
4.3 Thermal testing .28
4.3.1 General .28
4.3.2 Maximum temperatures .28
4.4 Testing in single fault condition .31
4.4.1 General .31
4.4.2 Test conditions and duration for testing under fault conditions .31
4.4.3 Pass/fail criteria for testing under fault conditions.32
4.4.4 Single fault conditions to be applied .33
4.5 Humidity preconditioning .36
4.5.1 General .36
4.5.2 Conditions .36
4.6 Backfeed voltage protection .36
4.6.1 Backfeed tests under normal conditions.37
4.6.2 Backfeed tests under single-fault conditions .37
4.6.3 Compliance with backfeed tests.37
4.7 Electrical ratings tests .37
4.7.1 Input ratings .37
4.7.2 Output ratings.37
5 Marking and documentation.37
5.1 Marking .37
5.1.1 General .37
5.1.2 Durability of markings .38
5.1.3 Identification.38
5.1.4 Equipment ratings.38
5.1.5 Fuse identification .38
5.1.6 Terminals, connections and controls.39
5.1.7 Switches and circuit-breakers .39
5.1.8 Class II equipment.39
5.1.9 Terminal boxes for external connections.40
5.2 Warning markings .40

62109-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 3 –
5.2.1 Visibility and legibility requirements for warning markings.40
5.2.2 Content for warning markings .40
5.2.3 Sonic hazard markings and instructions.41
5.2.4 Equipment with multiple sources of supply.41
5.2.5 Excessive touch current.41
5.3 Documentation .42
5.3.1 General .42
5.3.2 Information related to installation.42
5.3.3 Information related to operation.43
5.3.4 Information related to maintenance.44
6 Environmental requirements and conditions.44
6.1 Environmental categories and minimum environmental conditions .45
6.1.1 Outdoor .45
6.1.2 Indoor, unconditioned .45
6.1.3 Indoor, conditioned.45
6.2 Pollution degree .46
6.3 Ingress protection.47
6.4 UV exposure .47
6.5 Temperature and humidity.47
7 Protection against electric shock and energy hazards.47
7.1 General .47
7.2 Fault conditions.47
7.3 Protection against electric shock .48
7.3.1 General .48
7.3.2 Decisive voltage classification .48
7.3.3 Protective separation.52
7.3.4 Protection against direct contact.52
7.3.5 Protection in case of direct contact .57
7.3.6 Protection against indirect contact .60
7.3.7 Insulation including clearance and creepage distances.68
7.3.8 Residual Current Detection (RCD) or Monitoring (RCM) device
compatibility .79
7.3.9 Protection against shock hazard due to stored energy .80
7.4 Protection against energy hazards .80
7.4.1 Determination of hazardous energy level .80
7.4.2 Operator access areas .81
7.4.3 Service access areas .81
7.5 Electrical tests related to shock hazard .81
7.5.1 Impulse voltage test (type test).81
7.5.2 Voltage test (dielectric strength test) (type test and routine test).83
7.5.3 Partial discharge test (type test or sample test) .87
7.5.4 Touch current measurement (type test) .88
7.5.5 Equipment with multiple sources of supply.89
8 Protection against mechanical hazards.89
8.1 General .89
8.2 Moving parts .90
8.2.1 Protection of service persons .90
8.3 Stability .90
8.4 Provisions for lifting and carrying.91

– 4 – 62109-1 © IEC:2010(E)
8.5 Wall mounting .91
8.6 Expelled parts .92
9 Protection against fire hazards .92
9.1 Resistance to fire .92
9.1.1 Reducing the risk of ignition and spread of flame.92
9.1.2 Conditions for a fire enclosure .93
9.1.3 Materials requirements for protection against fire hazard.93
9.1.4 Openings in fire enclosures .96
9.2 Limited power sources.100
9.2.1 General .100
9.2.2 Limited power source tests .100
9.3 Short-circuit and overcurrent protection.101
9.3.1 General .101
9.3.2 Number and location of overcurrent protective devices . 101
9.3.3 Short-circuit co-ordination (backup protection). 102
10 Protection against sonic pressure hazards.102
10.1 General .102
10.2 Sonic pressure and sound level.102
10.2.1 Hazardous noise levels.102
11 Protection against liquid hazards.103
11.1 Liquid containment, pressure and leakage.103
11.2 Fluid pressure and leakage .103
11.2.1 Maximum pressure .103
11.2.2 Leakage from parts.104
11.2.3 Overpressure safety device .104
11.3 Oil and grease.104
12 Chemical hazards.104
12.1 General .104
13 Physical requirements .105
13.1 Handles and manual controls .105
13.1.1 Adjustable controls .105
13.2 Securing of parts .105
13.3 Provisions for external connections .105
13.3.1 General .105
13.3.2 Connection to an a.c. mains supply .106
13.3.3 Wiring terminals for connection of external conductors . 110
13.3.4 Supply wiring space.111
13.3.5 Wire bending space for wires 10 mm and greater .112
13.3.6 Disconnection from supply sources. 112
13.3.7 Connectors, plugs and sockets .112
13.3.8 Direct plug-in equipment.113
13.4 Internal wiring and connections .113
13.4.1 General .113
13.4.2 Routing.113
13.4.3 Colour coding .113
13.4.4 Splices and connections .114
13.4.5 Interconnections between parts of the PCE .114
13.5 Openings in enclosures .114

62109-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 5 –
13.5.1 Top and side openings .114
13.6 Polymeric materials .116
13.6.1 General .116
13.6.2 Polymers serving as enclosures or barriers preventing access to
hazards .117
13.6.3 Polymers serving as solid insulation .117
13.6.4 UV resistance .118
13.7 Mechanical resistance to deflection, impact, or drop. 118
13.7.1 General .118
13.7.2 250 N deflection test for metal enclosures .119
13.7.3 7 J impact test for polymeric enclosures . 119
13.7.4 Drop test .119
13.8 Thickness requirements for metal enclosures .120
13.8.1 General .120
13.8.2 Cast metal .120
13.8.3 Sheet metal .120
14 Components .122
14.1 General .122
14.2 Motor overtemperature protection.124
14.3 Overtemperature protection devices .124
14.4 Fuse holders .124
14.5 Mains voltage selecting devices .124
14.6 Printed circuit boards .124
14.7 Circuits or components used as transient overvoltage limiting devices . 125
14.8 Batteries.125
14.8.1 Battery enclosure ventilation.125
14.8.2 Battery mounting .126
14.8.3 Electrolyte spillage .126
14.8.4 Battery connections .127
14.8.5 Battery maintenance instructions .127
14.8.6 Battery accessibility and maintainability.127
15 Software and firmware performing safety functions. 127
Annex A (normative) Measurement of clearances and creepage distances . 128
Annex B (normative) Programmable equipment . 133
Annex C (normative) Symbols to be used in equipment markings. 134
Annex D (informative) Test probes for determining access. 136
Annex E (informative) RCDs .138
Annex F (informative) Altitude correction for clearances .140
Annex G (informative) Clearance and creepage distance determination for frequencies
greater than 30 kHz .141
Annex H (informative) Measuring instrument for touch current measurements (see
7.5.4).144
Annex I (informative) Examples of protection, insulation, and overvoltage category
requirements for PCE .146
Annex J (normative) Ultraviolet light conditioning test .150

Figure 1 – Functional summary of protective measures against electric shock .48
Figure 2 – Typical waveform for a.c. working voltage .51

– 6 – 62109-1 © IEC:2010(E)
Figure 3 – Typical waveform for d.c. working voltage .51
Figure 4 – Typical waveform for pulsating working voltage.52
Figure 5 – Examples for protection against direct contact for DVC-C circuits .56
Figure 6 – Protection by DCV A with protective separation.57
Figure 7 – Protection by means of protective impedance .58
Figure 8 – Protection by limitation of discharge energy .59
Figure 9 – Protection by means of voltage limitation .60
Figure 10 – Examples of protective bonding and earthing .61
Figure 11 – Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with power fed from
the PCE with overcurrent protection for the power cable .63
Figure 12 – Protective bonding impedance test for separate unit with accessible parts
and with power fed from the PCE without overcurrent protection.64
Figure 13 – Voltage test procedures .85
Figure 14 – Fire enclosure bottom openings below an unenclosed or partially enclosed
component.97
Figure 15 – Fire enclosure baffle construction.98
Figure 16 – Examples of cross-sections of designs of openings preventing vertical
access .115
Figure 17 – Examples of louver design .115
Figure 18 – Enclosure openings.116
Figure 19 − Methods of compliance verification.123
Figure A.1 – Narrow groove .128
Figure A.2 – Wide groove .129
Figure A.3 – V-shaped groove .129
Figure A.4 – Rib.129
Figure A.5 – Uncemented joint with narrow groove .129
Figure A.6 – Uncemented joint with wide groove.130
Figure A.7 – Uncemented joint with narrow and wide grooves. 130
Figure A.8 – Narrow recess .130
Figure A.9 – Wide recess.131
Figure A.10 – Intervening, unconnected conductive part . 131
Figure A.11 – Distance for multilayer PWBs.132
Figure D.1 – Test finger .136
Figure D.2 – Test pin .137
Figure D.3 – Straight unjointed test finger.137
Figure E.1 – Flow chart leading to selection of the RCD/RCM type upstream of a PCE . 138
Figure G.1 – Clearance distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz. 141
Figure G.2 – Creepage distance determination for frequencies greater than 30 kHz . 142
Figure H.1 – Measuring instrument .144
Figure H.2 – Alternative measuring instrument.145
Figure I.1 – Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter . 147
Figure I.2 – Transformer (basic) isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse
voltage for functional insulation.147
Figure I.3 – Isolated PV inverter with SPD to reduce impulse voltage for basic
insulation .148

62109-1 © IEC:2010(E) – 7 –
Figure I.4 – Transformer isolated auxiliary circuit with reinforced insulation . 148
Figure I.5 – Transformerless PV inverter.149

Table 1 – Total temperature limits for transformers, inductors, and other coils and their
insulation systems .30
Table 2 – Total temperature limits for materials and components where manufacturer’s
ratings and component standards do not exist (see 4.3.2.1) .30
Table 3 – Total touch temperature limits for accessible surfaces.31
Table 4 – Environmental categories, environmental conditions, and test requirements.45
Table 5 – Reduction of the pollution degree of internal environment through the use of
additional protection .46
Table 6 – Summary of the limits of the decisive voltage classes .49
Table 7 – Examples of application of insulation and separation.50
Table 8 – Insulation between accessible unearthed parts and DVC-A or -B circuits
adjacent to DVC-B or -C circuits .55
Table 9 – Values of accessible capacitance and charging voltage (threshold of pain) .59
Table 10 – Test duration for protective bonding test.65
Table 11 – External protective earthing conductor cross-section .66
Table 12 – Insulation voltage for low voltage circuits .71
Table 13 – Clearance distances.73
Table 14 – Creepage distances (mm).75
Table 15 – Impulse voltage test .82
Table 16 – Impulse test voltage .83
Table 17 – AC or DC test voltage for circuits connected directly to the mains .84
Table 18 – a.c. or d.c. test voltage for circuits not connected directly to the mains.84
Table 19 – Partial discharge test.88
Table 20 – Summary of material flammability requirements.96
Table 21 – Allowable openings in fire enclosure bottoms .98
Table 22 – Limits for inherently limited power sources .101
Table 23 – Limits for power sources not inherently limited .101
Table 24 – Sizes of conductors .108
Table 25 – Physical tests on power supply cords . 109
Table 26 – Wire bending space from terminals to obstructions.112
Table 27 – Minimum property retention limits after UV exposure.118
Table 28 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: Carbon steel or stainless steel .121
Table 29 – Thickness of sheet metal for enclosures: aluminium, copper or brass. 122
Table A.1 – Value of X .128
Table C.1 – Symbols.134
Table F.1 – Correction factor for clearances at altitudes above 2 000 m (see 7.3.7.4.1). 140
Table F.2 – Test voltages for verifying clearances at different altitudes.140
Table G.1 – Minimum values of clearances in air at atmospheric pressure for
inhomogeneous field conditions (Table 1 of IEC 60664-4). 142
Table G.2 – Minimum values of creepage distances for different frequency ranges
(Table 2 of IEC 60664-4) .143

– 8 – 62109-1 © IEC:2010(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
_____________
SAFETY OF POWER CONVERTERS FOR USE
IN PHO
...