EN 14588:2010

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Trdna biogoriva - Terminologija, definicije in opisiFeste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und BeschreibungenBiocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et descriptionsSolid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions75.160.10Trda gorivaSolid fuels01.040.75Naftna in sorodna tehnologija (Slovarji)Petroleum and related technologies (Vocabularies)ICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14588:2010SIST EN 14588:2010en,fr,de01-december-2010SIST EN 14588:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14588:20041DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14588
October 2010 ICS 01.040.75; 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 14588:2003English Version
Solid biofuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions
Biocomustibles solides - Terminologie, définitions et descriptions
Feste Biobrennstoffe - Terminologie, Definitionen und Beschreibungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 September 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14588:2010: ESIST EN 14588:2010

Foreword . 3Introduction . 41 Scope . 52 Normative references . 63 Principle . 64 Terms and definitions . 6Annex A (informative)
Translation . 26Annex B (informative)
List of terms defined by CEN/TS 15357:2006 − Solid recovered fuels . 36Bibliography . 38Index . 40
This European Standard defines terms concerned in all standardisation work within the scope of CEN/TC 335. According to CEN/TC 335 this European Standard is applicable to solid biofuels originating from the following sources:  products from agriculture and forestry;  vegetable waste from agriculture and forestry;  vegetable waste from the food processing industry;  wood waste, with the exception of wood waste which may contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coating, and which includes in particular such wood waste from construction- and demolition waste;  cork waste;  fibrous vegetable waste from virgin pulp production and from production of paper from pulp, if it is co-incinerated at the place of production and heat generated is recovered. The embedding of the scope within the biomass/biofuel field is given in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — CEN TC 335 within the biomass-biofuel-bioenergy field NOTE 1 CEN/TC 335 considers that wood waste, including wood waste originating from construction and demolition waste are included in the scope of CEN/TC 335 and of the scope of the mandate M/298 "solid biofuels", unless they contain halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals as a result of treatment with wood preservatives or coatings [8]. NOTE 2 There are more terms included within this European Standard as covered by the mandate due to clarification and differentiation.
NOTE 3 Changes of ownership of the fibrous vegetable waste between paper and pulp company and the operator of the co-incineration plant in which the waste is used does not affect the inclusion of the waste in the scope of mandate M/298. Other standards with a different scope than this European Standard can have different definitions than this standard. SIST EN 14588:2010

Table 1 — Structure of the terms [9] Sources of biofuels Woody biomass
Herbaceous biomass
Fruit biomass
Biomass blends and mixtures Solid biofuels Source/origin
Traded forms
Sampling and testing
Properties
Classification and specification Bioenergy
4 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
NOTE Many terms defined within this document are also used in the standardisation work of CEN/TC 343, especially in prEN 15357, Solid recovered fuels
Terminology, definitions and descriptions. Therefore, an informative list of terms defined by prEN 15357 is given in Annex B.
4.1 additive material which improves quality of fuel (e.g. combustion properties), reduces emissions or make production more efficient
NOTE Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10]. 4.4 air dried basis condition in which the solid biofuel is in equilibrium with the atmospheric humidity [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.5 animal husbandry residues
agricultural residues originating from livestock keeping
NOTE 1 It includes among others solid excreta of animals. NOTE 2 Animal husbandry residues are not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only. 4.6 as analysed determined basis condition in which the moisture content of the solid biofuel is the content at the moment of analysis/determination [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.7 as received basis as received
as delivered calculation basis for material at delivery 4.8 ash solid mineral residue obtained from a complete fuel combustion [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] NOTE Depending on the combustion efficiency the ash may contain combustibles.
4.9 ash deformation temperature
DT temperature at which the first signs of rounding of the edges of the test pieces occurs due to melting 4.10 ash flow temperature
FT
temperature at which the ash is spread out over the supporting tile in a layer, the height of which is one-third of the height of the test piece at the ash hemisphere temperature SIST EN 14588:2010

characteristic physical state of the ash obtained by heating under specific conditions NOTE 1 Ash fusibility is determined under either oxidizing or reducing conditions. NOTE 2 See also ash deformation temperature, ash flow temperature, ash hemisphere temperature, and ash sphere temperature. 4.12 ash hemisphere temperature
HT
temperature at which the test piece forms approximately a hemisphere, i.e. when the height becomes equal to half the base diameter
4.13 ash sphere temperature
ST
temperature at which shrinking of the test piece occurs
NOTE This temperature is defined as when the area of the piece falls below 95 % of the original test piece area at 550°. 4.14 baled biofuel
bale solid biofuel which has been compressed and bound to keep its shape and density EXAMPLES Straw bales, bales of energy grass, bales of treetops and branches. 4.15 bark organic cellular tissue which is formed by taller plants (trees, bushes) on the outside of the growth zone (cambium) as a shell for the wooden body 4.16 basis/bases convention on measuring quantity 4.17 basic density ratio of the mass on dry basis and the solid volume on green basis 4.18 bioenergy energy from biomass 4.19 biofuel
fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass 4.20 biofuel blend biofuel resulting from intentionally mixing of different biofuels
EXAMPLES Straw or energy grass with wood, dried biosludge with bark. SIST EN 14588:2010

densified biofuel made with or without additives in the form of cubiform, polyedric or cylindrical units, produced by compressing pulverised biomass NOTE 1 The raw material for briquettes can be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass and biomass blends, and biomass mixtures. NOTE 2 Biofuel briquettes are usually manufactured in a piston press. The total moisture of the biofuel briquette is usually less than 15 % of mass as received.
NOTE 3 Biofuel briquettes for non industrial use are specified in prEN 14961-3. 4.22 biofuel mixture biofuel resulting from natural or unintentional mixing of different biofuels and/or different types of biomass 4.23 biofuel pellet
densified biofuel made from pulverised biomass with or without additives usually with a cylindrical form, random length typically 3,15 mm to 40 mm, and broken ends NOTE The raw material for biofuel pellets can be woody biomass, herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, or biomass blends and mixtures. They are usually manufactured in a die. The total moisture of biofuel pellets is usually less than 10 % of mass as received. [Adapted from prEN 14961-2:2010] 4.24 biomass from a scientific and technical point of view, material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or transformed to fossil
NOTE 1 Biomass is defined in legal documents in many different ways according to the scope and goal of the respective documents (e.g. Directive 2001/77/EC of the European Parliament and the Council; Commission Decision (2007/589/EC) of 18 July 2007). This definition does not contradict legal definitions. NOTE 2 See also herbaceous biomass, fruit biomass, and woody biomass. 4.25 biomass residues biomass originating from well defined side-streams from agricultural, forestry and related industrial operations
NOTE Adapted from the proposal within the Draft CEN Report Solid Recovered Fuels [11]. 4.26 biomass resource owner body or enterprise with the right to exploit the biomass resources for energy purposes NOTE
The biomass resource owner can be a land or forest owner, a company, etc.
4.27 biosludge
sludge formed in the aeration basin during biological waste water treatment or biological treatment process and separated by sedimentation or flotation NOTE Biosludges are not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only. SIST EN 14588:2010

liquor obtained from wood during the process of pulp production, in which the energy content is mainly originating from the content of lignin removed from the wood in the pulping process
NOTE Black liquor is not included in the scope of CEN/TC 335. The term is included for information only.
4.29 bridging arching
tendency of particles to form a stable arch across an opening and hindering flow NOTE Adapted to Woodcock and Mason. Bulk Solids Handling [12]. 4.30 bulk density mass of a portion of a solid fuel divided by the volume of the container which is filled by that portion under specific conditions [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.31 bulk volume, loose volume volume of a material including space between the particles 4.32 bundled biofuel, bundle solid biofuels which has been bound together and where there is a lengthwise orientation of the material
EXAMPLES Bundles of energy forest trees and logging residues, small trees, or branches and tops. 4.33 calorific value heating value
q energy amount per unit mass or volume released on complete combustion NOTE See also gross calorific value, energy density, net calorific value, and net calorific value as received. 4.34 cereal crops
annual crops grown with the main purpose to use the seed for food production NOTE Some cereal crops can be used as a solid biofuel. EXAMPLES Barley, wheat, rye, oat. 4.35 char solid partially or non-agglomerated carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of solid fuels [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.36 chemical treatment
treatment with chemicals other than air, water or heat (e.g. glue and paint)
4.37 chopped straw straw which has been cut into small pieces
wood cut or brooken with sharp cutting devices in which most of the material has a typical particle length, substantially longer and more coarse than wood chips NOTE Chunkwood has a typical length of 50 mm to 150 mm. 4.39 combined sample
sample consisting of all the increments taken from a sub-lot NOTE The increments may be reduced by division before being added to the combined sample. 4.40 common sample
sample collected for more than one intended use [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001] 4.41 complete tree harvested tree, including limbs and root system NOTE See also whole tree. 4.42 contamination make impure by exposure to or addition of a poisonous or polluting substance to a fuel
4.43 cork residues biomass residues from cork production
4.44 critical control point
point within or between processes at which relevant properties can be most readily assessed NOTE Critical control points also offer the greatest potential for quality improvement. 4.45 crop production residues
agricultural residues originating from crop production, harvesting, and processing in farm areas NOTE It includes among others wood, straw, stalks, and husks. 4.46 cross-cut ends short pieces of woody biomass which occur when the ends of logs or sawn timber are cross cut off, with or without bark 4.47 customer client organization or person that receives a product [Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005] 4.48 cut biofuel solid biofuel cut into pieces NOTE See also chunkwood, firewood, chopped straw, and smallwood. SIST EN 14588:2010

NOTE 2 In continuous delivery, the delivery lot is the amount of solid biofuel delivered during a specified period of time, e.g. 24 h, unless otherwise agreed by supplier and end-user. If the delivery lot in continuous delivery is more than 1 500 m3 – 2 000 m3 in 24 h, it is recommended that it should be divided into two or more individual lots. 4.52 demolition wood
used wood arising from demolition of buildings or civil engineering installations [Adapted from EN 13965-1:2004] 4.53 densified biofuel compressed biofuel solid biofuel made by mechanically compressing biomass to increase its density and to mould the solid biofuel into a specific size and shape such as cubes, pressed logs, biofuel pellets or biofuel briquettes NOTE See also biofuel briquette and biofuel pellets. 4.54 density ratio of mass to volume NOTE 1 It will always be stated whether the density refers to the density of individual particles or to the bulk density of the material and whether the mass of water in the material is included. NOTE 2 See also basic density, bulk density and particle density. 4.55 dry ash free
dry ash free basis
calculation basis in which the solid fuel is free from moisture and inorganic matter 4.56 dry dry basis calculation basis in which the solid fuel is free from moisture [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.57 dry matter material after removal of moisture under specific conditions
portion of dry matter in the total material on mass basis
NOTE Expressed as a percentage of the total mass of the solid biofuel. 4.59 edgings parts of woody biomass which occur when trimming sawn timber and which show a remainder of the original rounded surface of the tree, with or without bark 4.60 end-user consumer (private person, enterprise, utility, etc.) using fuel for energy purposes 4.61 energy crops, fuel crops woody or herbaceous crops grown specifically for their fuel value NOTE 1 See also energy forest trees, energy grass, energy plantation trees. NOTE 2 Fuel crops is a not recommended synonym. 4.62 energy density ratio of net energy content and bulk volume NOTE The energy density is calculated using the net calorific value determined and the bulk density. 4.63 energy forest trees
woody biomass grown specifically for its fuel value in medium to long rotation forestry 4.64 energy grain grain used for energy purpose
4.65 energy grass fuel grass endogenous plants having simple leaves grown specifically for their fuel value
NOTE 1 Belong to the group of herbaceous biomass. EXAMPLES Sugarcane, Miscanthus, Reed canary grass. NOTE 2 Fuel grass is a not recommended synonym. 4.66 energy plantation trees woody biomass grown as short rotation trees specifically for its fuel value
4.67 extraneous ash
ash from contaminants entering the material at harvest, logging, treatment, transport, storage, etc. 4.68 fibreboard residues
woody biomass residues from the fibreboard industry SIST EN 14588:2010

remainder after the percentage of total moisture, ash, and volatile matter are subtracted from 100 [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.72 flowability ability of a bulk solid to flow NOTE See also bridging. 4.73 food processing industry residues
biomass residues originating from the food processing industry NOTE 1 It includes among others bone meal, press cake from juice production. NOTE 2
Food processing industry residues are only partly within the scope of CEN/TC 335. Bone meal is e.g. not included. 4.74 foreign material impurities
material other than claimed, which has contaminated the fuel
4.75 forest chips forest wood in the form of wood chips
4.76 forest fuels wood fuel produced where the raw material has not previously had another use NOTE Forest fuel is produced directly from forest wood by a mechanical process. 4.77 forest and plantation wood
woody biomass from forests and/or tree plantations
NOTE See also complete tree, energy forest trees, energy plantation trees, logging residues, thinning residues, tree section, and whole tree. SIST EN 14588:2010

biomass from the parts of a plant which hold seeds EXAMPLES Nuts, olives. 4.79 fuel
energy carrier intended for energy conversion NOTE 1 Fuels are solid, liquid or gaseous. NOTE 2 Fuels can originate from biomass amongst others. 4.80 fuel classification
division of fuels into defined fuel classes NOTE The aim of classification can be to describe the fuel and/or to physically separate certain particle types. 4.81 fuel dust
pulverised fuel with a typical particle size of 1 mm to 5 mm EXAMPLES Saw dust, straw dust. 4.82 fuel powder fuel flour pulverised fuel with a typical particle size less than 1 mm EXAMPLES Wood powder, wood flour, straw powder. 4.83 fuel product declaration document dated and signed by the producer/supplier to the retailer or end-user, specifying origin and source, traded form and properties of defined lot 4.84 fuel specification
document stating the requirements of the fuel
4.85 fuelwood energy wood wood fuel where the original composition of the wood is preserved
NOTE Adapted from FAO unified bioenergy terminology (UBET) [10]. 4.86 general analysis sample sub-sample of a laboratory sample having a nominal top size of 1 mm or less and used for a number of chemical and physical analyses 4.87 green basis
condition based on fresh material at specific total moisture 4.88 green chips wood chips made of fresh logging and thinning residues, including branches and tops
qgr measured value of the specific energy of combustion for unit mass of a fuel burned in oxygen in calorimetric bomb under the conditions specified NOTE 1 The result of combustion are assumed to consist of gaseous, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide, of liquid water (in equilibrium with its vapour) saturated with carbon dioxide under conditions of the bomb reaction, and of solid ash, all at the reference temperature and at constant volume. NOTE 2 Old term is "higher heating value".
4.91 gross density
ratio of the mass of a wooden body and its volume, including all cavities (pores and vessels), based on specific total moisture 4.92 herbaceous biomass biomass from plants that has a non-woody stem and which dies back at the end of the growing season
NOTE 1 See also energy grass. NOTE 2 Adapted from BioTech’s Life Science Dictionary [13]. 4.93 herbaceous fuels all types of biofuels originating from herbaceous biomass
4.94 hog fuel fuelwood in the form of pieces of varying size and shape, produced by crushing with blunt tools such as rollers, hammers, or flails 4.95 horticultural residues biomass residues originating from production, harvesting, and processing in horticulture including greenhouses
4.96 impurities material other than the fuel itself
NOTE Examples of impurities for biofuels are stones, soil, pieces of metal, plastics, rope, ice and snow. 4.97 increment
portion of fuel extracted in a single operation of the sampling device [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001] 4.98 inorganic matter
non-combustible fraction of dry matter
4.99 laboratory sample
sample sent to or received by the laboratory SIST EN 14588:2010

residues of woody, herbaceous and fruit biomass originating from landscape, park, and cemetery management NOTE It includes among others grass, hay, branches from landscape trees, road side green, and/or wood from shrubs. 4.101 log wood cut fuelwood in which most of the material has a length of 200 mm and above 4.102 logging residues woody biomass residues which are created during timber harvesting
NOTE Logging residues include tree tops with branches and they can be salvaged fresh or after seasoning. 4.103 lot
defined quantity of fuel for which the quality is to be determined [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001] NOTE See also sub-lot. 4.104 major elements
elements in the fuel that predominantly will constitute the ash; including aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), silicon (Si) sodium (Na) and titanium (Ti) 4.105 mass-reduction
reduction of the mass of a sample or sub-sample 4.106 mechanical durability
ability of densified fuel units (e.g. briquettes, pellets) to remain intact, e.g. abrasion and shocks during handling and transport 4.107 minor elements trace elements
elements in the fuel being presented only at small concentrations NOTE 1 The term "trace elements" is often used synonymous to minor elements; if the elements are metal, the term "trace metals" is also used.
NOTE 2 Concerning solid biofuels, minor elements in general speech is regarded to include the metals arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), mercury (Hg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), tin (Sn), vanadium (V) and zinc(Zn). 4.108 moisture
water in a fuel
NOTE See also total moisture and moisture analysis sample.
4.109 moisture analysis sample
sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining total moisture [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001]
ash of uncontaminated solid biofuel 4.111 net calorific value
qnet
calculated value of the specific energy of combustion for unit mass of a fuel burned in oxygen at constant pressure under such conditions that all the water of the reaction products remain as water vapour (at 0,1 MPa) and the other products being as for the gross calorific value, all at the reference temperature NOTE 1 The net calorific value can be calculated at constant pressure or at constant volume. The net calorific value at constant pressure is however the generally used. NOTE 2 Old term is "lower heating value".
4.112 nominal top size
aperture size of the sieve used in the CEN method for determining the particle size distribution of solid fuels through which at least 95 % by mass of the material passes [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001] 4.113 operator body or enterprise which is responsible for one or several activities in the fuel supply chain
NOTE 1 The operator can be, for example, a biofuel producer or a subcontractor to the biofuel supplier. NOTE 2
The first operator is a body or an enterprise which operates at the beginning of the supply chain. 4.114 organic matter combustible fraction of dry matter
4.115 oscillating screen classifier device containing one or multiple oscillating (flat) screens used to separate material into size classes for calculation of particles size distribution 4.116 oven dry wood wood free of moisture, produced by drying to constant weight under specific conditions 4.117 over size particles particles exceeding a specific particle size
4.118 particle
discrete unit of matter 4.119 particleboard residues
woody biomass residues from the particleboard industry 4.120 particle density density of a single particle SIST EN 14588:2010

proportions of various particle sizes in a solid fuel [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.123 plywood residues woody biomass residues formed in plywood industry 4.124 point of delivery location specified in the delivery agreement, at which the proprietary rights of and responsibilities for a fuel lot are transferred from one organization or unit to another 4.125 pressing aid
additive used for enhancing the production of densified fuels 4.126 producer organization or unit responsible for the production of the fuel
NOTE 1
The producer can be responsible for any operation with the purpose of changing the biofuel properties. NOTE 2
The producer can also be the supplier of the fuel. 4.127 proximate analysis analysis of a solid fuel reported in terms of ash, total moisture, volatile matter and fixed carbon measured at specified conditions [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.128 pulverised fuel
solid fuel in the form of dust and powder, produced by milling or grinding NOTE See also fuel dust and fuel powder. 4.129 quality degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements [Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005] 4.130 quality assurance part of quality management, focused on providing confidence that the quality requirements will be fulfilled
[Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005] SIST EN 14588:2010

[Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005] 4.132 recovered construction wood
used wood arising from construction of buildings or from civil engineering works
[Adapted from EN 13965-1:2004] 4.133 repeatability precision under conditions where independent test results are obtained with the same method on representative portions taken from the same test sample material in the same laboratory [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.134 reproducibility precision under conditions where test results are obtained with the same method on representative portions taken from the same test sample material in different laboratories with different operators using different equipment
[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.135 retailer supplier of (usually packaged) fuels in (small) quantities to end-user NOTE Retailers are usually suppliers to the private household consumers. 4.136 rotary screen device with cylindrical screens used to separate material into size classes for calculation of particle size distribution
4.137 sample
quantity of material, representative of a larger quantity for which the quality is to be determined [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001] NOTE See also combined sample, common sample, general analysis sample, increment, laboratory sample, moisture analysis sample, size analysis sample, and sub-sample. 4.138 sample preparation actions taken to obtain representative laboratory samples or test portions from the original sample 4.139 sampling process of drawing or constituting a sample [ISO 3534-1:1993] 4.140 sampling form document that should be used during the sampling to record data on the way in which the sampling is actually being carried out SIST EN 14588:2010

EXAMPLES Shredded straw, shredded bark, hog fuel. 4.147 size analysis sample sample taken specifically for the purpose of determining particle size distribution
4.148 slabs parts of woody biomass created when cuts are made into the edges of logs and whereby one side shows the original rounded surface of the tree, either completely or partially, with or without bark 4.149 smallwood fuelwood cut with sharp cutting devices and in which most of the material has a particle length typically 50 mm to 500 mm
EXAMPLES Chunkwood, firewood. 4.150 solid biofuel solid fuel produced directly or indirectly from biomass 4.151 solid volume
volume of individual particles NOTE Typically determined by a fluid displaced by a specific amount of material. SIST EN 14588:2010

4.153 stemwood
part of tree stem with the branches removed 4.154 stemwood chips
wood chips made of stemwood, with or without bark
4.155 stump
part of the tree stem below the felling cut NOTE 1 In complete tree utilisation the root system is included in the stump. NOTE 2 Adapted from Swedish Forestry Vocabulary, TNC 96 [14]. 4.156 sub-lot
part of a lot for which a test result is required [Adapted from ISO 13909:2001] 4.157 sub-sample
portion of a sample 4.158 supplier organization or person that provides a product [Adapted from EN ISO 9000:2005] NOTE One supplier may deliver to the end-user directly and take responsibility for fuel deliveries from several producers as well as delivery to the end-user. 4.159 supply chain overall process of handling and processing raw materials to the point of delivery to the end-user 4.160 test portion
sub-sample either of a laboratory sample or a test sample 4.161 test sample
laboratory sample after an appropriate preparation made by the laboratory
4.162 thinning residues woody biomass residues originating from thinning operations 4.163 total ash ash content
mass fraction of the inorganic residue remaining after complete combustion of a fuel under specified conditions, typically expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry matter in fuel NOTE See also extraneous ash and natural ash. SIST EN 14588:2010

(Cl) content of chlorine within moisture free fuel 4.166 total hydrogen (H) content of hydrogen within moisture free fuel (dry basis)
[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.167 total mass mass of all components of the solid fuel, including dry matter and moisture 4.168 total moisture
moisture content MT moisture in fuel removable under specific conditions NOTE Indicate reference (dry matter / dry basis, or total mass / wet basis) to avoid confusion. 4.169 total nitrogen
(N)
content of nitrogen within moisture free fuel
[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.170 total oxygen
(O)
content of oxygen within moisture free fuel (dry basis)
NOTE For solid biofuels the amount of total oxygen is generally calculated as the remaining portion in the dry fuel from the sum of the total ash, the total carbon, the total hydrogen, the total nitrogen, the total sulphur and the total chlorine in the dry fuel. 4.171 total sulphur
(S)
content of sulphur within moisture free fuel
[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.172 tree section part of a tree (with branches) which has been cut into suitable length but not processed NOTE Tree sections can be processed for example to pulpwood or forest fuel. 4.173 ultimate analysis elementary analysis
analysis of a fuel reported in terms of its total carbon, total hydrogen, total nitrogen, and total sulphur measured at specified conditions and total oxygen calculated by formula [Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] SIST EN 14588:2010

NOTE 1 See also recovered construction wood and demolition wood. NOTE 2 Proposal within the Draft CEN Report Solid Recovered Fuels [11]. 4.175 viscose residues residues from viscose production and processing in which cellulose of wood pulp is treated with high concentrations of sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide and then dissolved in sodium hydroxide forming a thick solution called viscose
4.176 volatile matter
mass loss, corrected for moisture, when a fuel is heated out of contact with air under specific conditions
[Adapted from ISO 1213-2:1992] 4.177 volume amount of space that is enclosed within an object NOTE 1 It will always be stated whether the volume refers to the solid volume of individual particles, the bulk volume, or the stacked volume of the material and whether the mass of moisture in the material is included. NOTE 2 See also bulk volume, solid volume, and stacked volume.
4.178 water soluble content amount of an element which can be extracted with water using a specified extraction procedure
4.179 wet basis basis to which a test result is related in the case where the solid fuel contains moisture
4.180 whole tree felled, undelimbed tree, excluding root system 4.181 whole-tree chips wood chips made of whole trees
EXAMPLE Wood chips containing stems with bark, branches, needles/leaves. 4.182 wood chips chipped woody biomass in the form of pieces with a defined particle size produced by mechanical treatment with sharp tools such as knives NOTE 1 Wood chips have a subrectangular shape with a typical length 5 mm to 50 mm and a low thickness compared to other dimensions. NOTE 2 See also cutter chips, forest chips, green chips, stemwood chips, and whole-tree chips. [Adapted from prEN 14961-4:2010] SIST EN 14588:2010

woody biomass residues originating from the wood processing as well as the pulp and paper industry NOTE See also bark, cork residues, cross-cut ends, edgings, fibreboard residues, fibre sluge, grinding dust, particleboard residues, plywood residues, saw dust, slabs, and wood shavings. 4.185 wood shavings cutter shavings shavings from woody biomass created when planing wood
4.186 woody biomass biomass from trees, bushes and shrubs NOTE This definition includes forest and plantation wood, wood processing industry by-products and residues, and used wood. SIST EN 14588:2010

Translation
English French German Spanish Danish Dutch Finnish Norwegian Swedish 1 additive additif Additiv aditivo additiv Additief lisäaine
tillsats 2 agricultural residuesSous-produits agricoles landwirtschaftliche Nebenprodukte Residuos agrícolas Restprodukter fra Landbruget reststoffen uit de landbouw maatalouden tähteet Jordbruksrester
biomasserester från jordbruk 3 Agrofuels Agro-combustibles landwirtschaftliche Biobrennstoffe Agrocombustibles, combustibles agrícolas Brændsler af Landbrugsprodukteragrobrandstoffen maataloudessa syntyvät biopolttoaineet Agrobrensel agrobränslen 4 air dried basis séché à l’air lufttrocken Secado al aire lufttørret Lucht gedroogd ilmakuiva
5 animal husbandry residues
résidus de l’élevage Rückstände aus der Tierhaltung Residuos del ganado doméstico Restprodukter fra dyrehold reststoffen uit de veeteelt karjatalouden tähteet
biomasserester från djurhållning 6 as analysed /determined basis tel que analyse/base determine wie analysiert / UntersuchungsbasisBase según se analiza/determina som analyseret Als geanalyseerd/ bepaald op basis van analysoitu /määritetty
7 as received; as delivered tel que reçu im Anlieferungszu-stand; im Lieferzustand; wie geliefert Según se recibe som modtaget Als ontvangen saapumistilassa
8 ash Cendre Asche Ceniza Aske As tuhka Aske aska 9 ash deformation temperature Température de déformation de la cendre Ascheerweichungs-temperatur Temperatura de deformación de ceniza
Aske blødgørings-temperatur asverwekings-temperatuur tuhkan pehmenemis-lämpötila Askesmeltings-forløp askans initiala deformationstemperatur 10 ash flow temperature Température de fluidité de la cendre Aschefließtempera-tur Temperatura fluida de ceniza
Aske flydetemperatur as-vloeitemperatuur tuhkan juoksevuuslämpötila askans flyttemperatur 11 ash fusibility; ash melting behaviour
Fusibilité de la cendre Ascheschmelzver-halten Fusibilidad de ceniza, comportamiento de fusión de ceniza Aske smelteforløb assmeltbaarheid, as-smeltgedrag tuhkan sulamiskäyttäyty-minen
askans smältningsförlopp 12 ash hemisphere temperature Température hémi-sphèrique de fusion de la cendre Aschehalbkugel-temperatur Temperatura de hemisfera de cenizaAske halvkugle temperature as-halveboltempe-ratuur
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