CEN/TR 12101-5:2005
(Main)Smoke and heat control systems - Part 5: Guidelines on functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems
Smoke and heat control systems - Part 5: Guidelines on functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems
This Technical Report gives recommendations and guidance on functional and calculation methods for smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems for steady-state design fires. It is intended for a variety of building types and applications, including single-storey buildings, mezzanine floors, warehouses with palletized or racked storage, shopping malls, atria and complex buildings, car parks, places of entertainment and public assembly and un-compartmented space within multi-storey buildings.
This Technical Report does not include any functional recommendations for design parameters where the primary purpose of the SHEVS is to assist fire-fighting.
NOTE Such functional recommendations need to be agreed with the fire service responsible for the building in question. The calculation procedures set out in the annexes of this Technical Report can be used to design the SHEVS to meet whatever recommendations have been agreed.
This Technical Report does not cover the following:
- smoke clearance, where smoke is exhausted from a building after the fire has been suppressed;
- cross-ventilation, where wind-induced or fan-induced air currents sweep smoke through and out of the building, usually as part of fire-fighting operational procedures;
- ventilation of stairwells, which usually represents a special application of smoke clearance and which does not necessarily protect the continued use of the stairwell;
- fully-involved fires.
Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung - Teil 5: Anleitung zu funktionellen Empfehlungen und Rechenverfahren für Anlagen zur Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung
Systèmes de contrôle de fumées et de chaleur - Partie 5 : Guide de recommandations fonctionnelles et de calcul pour les systèmes d'evacuation de fumée et de chaleur
Le présent Rapport technique donne des recommandations et des indications sur les méthodes fonctionnelles et le calcul pour les systèmes d’évacuation des fumées et de chaleur pour des incendies stabilisés de référence. Il est destiné à un grand nombre de types de bâtiments et d'applications, notamment des bâtiments à un niveau, des mezzanines, des entrepôts avec des systèmes de stockage par palettes ou gerbé, des centres commerciaux, des atriums et des bâtiments complexes, des parcs de stationnement, des lieux de divertissement et de rassemblement du public et des espaces non compartimentés à l'intérieur de bâtiments à plusieurs niveaux.
Le présent Rapport Technique ne comporte pas de recommandations fonctionnelles pour les paramètres principaux de conception lorsque l'objectif premier d'un SEFC est d'aider à la lutte contre l'incendie.
NOTE Ces recommandations fonctionnelles doivent être convenues par le responsable du service incendie pour le bâtiment concerné. Toutefois, les modes opératoires de calcul établis dans les annexes du présent Rapport Technique peuvent servir à concevoir un SEFC qui réponde aux recommandations convenues.
Le présent Rapport Technique ne couvre pas ce qui suit :
- l'évacuation de fumée, lorsque la fumée s'échappe d'un bâtiment après extinction de l'incendie ;
- la ventilation transversale, lorsque des courants d'air dus au vent ou à des ventilateurs balaient la fumée dans le bâtiment et en dehors, généralement dans le cadre de modes opératoires de lutte contre l'incendie ;
- la ventilation de cages d'escalier, qui constitue généralement une application particulière d'évacuation de fumée et ne protège pas nécessairement l'utilisation continue de la cage d'escalier ;
- les feux auto-entretenus.
Sistemi za nadzor dima in toplote – 5. del: Navodila za delovanje in računske metode za sisteme za odvod dima in toplote
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST CR 12101-5:2001
6LVWHPL]DQDG]RUGLPDLQWRSORWH±GHO 1DYRGLOD]DGHORYDQMHLQUDþXQVNH
PHWRGH]DVLVWHPH]DRGYRGGLPDLQWRSORWH
Smoke and heat control systems - Part 5: Guidelines on functional recommendations
and calculation methods for smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems
Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung - Teil 5: Anleitung zu funktionellen Empfehlungen und
Rechenverfahren für Anlagen zur Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung
Systemes de contrôle de fumées et de chaleur - Partie 5 : Guide de recommandations
fonctionnelles et de calcul pour les systemes d'evacuation de fumée et de chaleur
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 12101-5:2005
ICS:
13.220.20 3RåDUQD]DãþLWD Fire protection
91.140.30 3UH]UDþHYDOQLLQNOLPDWVNL Ventilation and air-
VLVWHPL conditioning
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 12101-5
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2005
ICS 13.220.99; 23.120 Supersedes CR 12101-5:2000
English Version
Smoke and heat control systems - Part 5: Guidelines on
functional recommendations and calculation methods for smoke
and heat exhaust ventilation systems
Systèmes de contrôle de fumées et de chaleur - Partie 5 : Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung - Teil 5: Anleitung zu
Guide de recommandations fonctionnelles et de calcul pour funktionellen Empfehlungen und Rechenverfahren für
les systèmes d'exutoires de fumées et de chaleur Anlagen zur Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 30 September 2005. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 191.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 12101-5:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword. 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope. 9
2 Normative references. 9
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and units. 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols and units. 15
4 General recommendations . 21
4.1 Design objectives . 21
4.2 Reliability . 21
4.3 Combined use of natural and powered ventilators. 22
4.4 Sequence of operation of devices comprising a single SHEVS . 23
4.5 Interactions between different smoke zones in a building. 23
4.6 Sprinkler protection. 24
4.7 Documentation . 24
4.8 Installation, maintenance and safety . 26
5 Calculation procedures. 26
5.1 General . 26
5.2 Design regions. 27
5.3 Additional steps in the calculation. 28
5.4 Compatibility. 30
6 Performance recommendations. 30
6.1 The fire as a basis for design . 30
6.2 Plumes rising directly from the fire into a smoke reservoir. 33
6.3 The flow of hot smoky gases out of a fire-room into an adjacent space . 34
6.4 The flow of hot smoky gases under a canopy projecting beyond a fire-room’s
window or opening. 35
6.5 The spill plume . 36
6.6 The smoke reservoir and ventilators . 40
6.7 External influences. 42
6.8 Inlet air (replacement air) . 44
6.9 Free-hanging smoke barriers . 46
6.10 Suspended ceilings. 47
6.11 Atrium depressurization . 48
7 Interaction with other fire protection systems and other building systems . 50
7.1 Sprinklers. 50
7.2 Smoke and fire detection systems. 50
7.3 Pressure differential systems. 51
7.4 Public address and voice alarm systems . 52
7.5 Lighting and signage. 52
7.6 Computerized control systems . 52
7.7 Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) . 53
7.8 Security systems . 54
Annex A (informative) Default value heat release rates . 55
Annex B (informative) The plume rising directly from the fire into a smoke reservoir. 56
Annex C (informative) The flow of hot smoky gases out of a fire-room into an adjacent
space . 60
Annex D (informative) The flow of hot smoky gases under a soffit projecting beyond a
fire-room’s opening or window . 64
Annex E (informative) The spill plume. 68
Annex F (informative) The smoke reservoir and ventilators. 69
Annex G (informative) The influence of zones of overpressure and/or zones of suction
upon a SHEVS. 74
Annex H (informative) Deflection of free-hanging smoke barriers. 77
Annex I (informative) Plenum chamber . 82
Annex J (informative) Atrium depressurization. 84
Annex K (informative) The interaction of sprinklers, a SHEVS and fire-fighting actions . 91
Annex L (informative) The effect of a buoyant layer on the minimum pressure
recommended for a pressure differential system . 93
Bibliography . 96
Foreword
This CEN Technical Report (CEN/TR 12101-5:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee
CEN/TC 191 “Fixed firefighting systems”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This Technical Report supersedes CR 12101-5:2000.
This Technical Report is based on the text of British Standard BS 7346-4:2003.
Introduction
0.1 General introduction
Smoke and heat exhaust ventilation systems (SHEVS) create a smoke free layer above a floor by
removing smoke. They can, therefore, improve conditions to allow the safe escape and/or rescue of
people and animals, to protect property and to permit a fire to be fought while still in its early stages.
Ventilation systems for smoke removal also serve simultaneously for heat exhaust and can exhaust
hot gases released by a fire in the developing stage.
The use of such systems to create smoke free areas beneath a buoyant smoke layer has become
widespread. Their value in assisting in the evacuation of people from buildings, reducing fire damage
and financial loss by preventing smoke logging, facilitating fire-fighting, reducing roof temperatures
and retarding the lateral spread of fire is firmly established. For these benefits to be realised it is
crucial that smoke and heat exhaust ventilators operate fully and reliably whenever called upon to do
so during their installed life.
Components for a SHEVS need be installed as part of a properly designed smoke and heat exhaust
system. Natural SHEVS operate on the basis of the thermal buoyancy of the gases produced by a fire.
The performance of these installations depends, for example, on:
the temperature of the smoke;
the fire size;
the aerodynamic free area of the ventilators, or the volume of smoke exhausted by powered
ventilators;
the wind influence;
the size, geometry and location of the inlet air openings;
the size, geometry and location of smoke reservoirs;
the time of actuation;
the arrangements and dimensions of the building.
Ideally the design fire upon which calculations are based shows the physical size and heat output of
the fire changing with time in a realistic manner, allowing the growing threat to occupants, property
and fire-fighters to be calculated as time progresses. Such time-based calculations of the time-to-
danger usually have to be compared with separate assessments of the time recommended for safe
evacuation of occupants of the building or of the time recommended for initiation of successful fire-
fighting. These latter assessment procedures fall outside the scope of this Technical Report, although
it is anticipated to supplement this Technical Report with design procedures for time-dependant fires
in the future. In these calculations fire growth curves are selected that are appropriate to the precise
circumstances of the building occupancies, fuel arrangements and sprinkler performance, where
appropriate. Where such information is available, these calculations are conducted on a case-by-case
basis using recommended fire safety engineering procedures. Even where such an approach is
adopted, appropriate performance recommendations, e.g. minimum clear height, external influences,
can be drawn from this Technical Report.
Where such time-based calculations are not feasible, it is possible to use a simpler procedure based
on the largest size a fire is reasonably likely to reach in the circumstances. This time-independent or
steady-state design is not to be confused with steady fires, which achieve full size instantly and then
burn steadily. Rather the procedure
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