CEN ISO/TR 7016:2025

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2025
Povezava med prispevki gradbenih del k trajnosti in doseganju ciljev trajnostnega
razvoja (ISO/TR 7016:2025)
Connection between the contributions of civil engineering works to sustainability and
achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (ISO/TR 7016:2025)
Zusammenhang zwischen den Beiträgen von Ingenieurbauten zur Nachhaltigkeit und
dem Erreichen der SDGs (ISO/TR 7016:2025)
Lien entre les contributions des ouvrages de génie civil à la durabilité et à la réalisation
des ODD (ISO/TR 7016:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 7016:2025
ICS:
13.020.20 Okoljska ekonomija. Environmental economics.
Trajnostnost Sustainability
93.010 Nizke gradnje na splošno Civil engineering in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN ISO/TR 7016
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
October 2025
TECHNISCHER REPORT
ICS 13.020.20; 93.010
English Version
Connection between the contributions of civil engineering
works to sustainability and achievement of the Sustainable
Development Goals (ISO/TR 7016:2025)
Lien entre les contributions des ouvrages de génie civil Zusammenhang zwischen den Beiträgen von
au développement durable et la réalisation des Ingenieurbauten zur Nachhaltigkeit und dem Erreichen
Objectifs de développement durable (ISO/TR der SDGs (ISO/TR 7016:2025)
7016:2025)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 10 October 2025. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 350.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 7016:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 7016:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59/SC 17
"Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 350 “Sustainability of construction works” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 7016:2025 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 7016:2025 without any
modification.
Technical
Report
ISO/TR 7016
First edition
Connection between the
2025-10
contributions of civil engineering
works to sustainability and
achievement of the Sustainable
Development Goals
Lien entre les contributions des ouvrages de génie civil au
développement durable et la réalisation des Objectifs de
développement durable
Reference number
ISO/TR 7016:2025(en) © ISO 2025

ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
© ISO 2025
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
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ISO copyright office
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Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Methodology . 1
5 Relations between assessment indicators and SDGs . 2
5.1 Environmental indicators . .2
5.1.1 SDG 1. End of poverty .2
5.1.2 SDG 2. Zero hunger .3
5.1.3 SDG 3. Good health and well-being .4
5.1.4 SDG 4. Quality education .4
5.1.5 SDG 5. Gender equality .4
5.1.6 SDG 6. Clean water and sanitation .4
5.1.7 SDG 7. Affordable and clean energy .7
5.1.8 SDG 8. Decent work and economic growth .8
5.1.9 SDG 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure .9
5.1.10 SDG 10. Reduce inequalities .10
5.1.11 SDG 11. Sustainable cities and communities .10
5.1.12 SDG 12. Responsible consumption and production .14
5.1.13 SDG 13. Climate action .17
5.1.14 SDG 14. Life below water .18
5.1.15 SDG 15. Life on land .19
5.1.16 SDG 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions . 22
5.1.17 SDG 17. Partnerships for the goals . 23
5.2 Social indicators . 23
5.2.1 SDG 1. End of poverty . 23
5.2.2 SDG 2. Zero hunger .27
5.2.3 SDG 3. Good health and well-being . 29
5.2.4 SDG 4. Quality education .32
5.2.5 SDG 5. Gender equality . 34
5.2.6 SDG 6. Clean water and sanitation . 35
5.2.7 SDG 7. Affordable and clean energy .37
5.2.8 SDG 8. Decent work and economic growth . 39
5.2.9 SDG 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure . 40
5.2.10 SDG 10. Reduce inequalities .42
5.2.11 SDG 11. Sustainable cities and communities . 46
5.2.12 SDG 12. Responsible consumption and production . 49
5.2.13 SDG 13. Climate action . 50
5.2.14 SDG 14. Life below water .52
5.2.15 SDG 15. Life on land . 53
5.2.16 SDG 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions . 54
5.2.17 SDG 17. Partnerships for the goals . 56
5.3 Economic indicators .57
5.3.1 SDG 1. End of poverty .57
5.3.2 SDG 2. Zero hunger . 58
5.3.3 SDG 3. Good health and well-being . 58
5.3.4 SDG 4. Quality education . 58
5.3.5 SDG 5. Gender equality .59
5.3.6 SDG 6. Clean water and sanitation .59
5.3.7 SDG 7. Affordable and clean energy .59
5.3.8 SDG 8. Decent work and economic growth . 60
5.3.9 SDG 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure . 60

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ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
5.3.10 SDG 10. Reduce inequalities .61
5.3.11 SDG 11. Sustainable cities and communities .61
5.3.12 SDG 12. Responsible consumption and production .61
5.3.13 SDG 13. Climate action .61
5.3.14 SDG 14. Life below water .62
5.3.15 SDG 15. Life on land .62
5.3.16 SDG 16. Peace, justice and strong institutions .62
5.3.17 SDG 17. Partnerships for the goals .62
5.4 Management mechanisms . 63
5.4.1 SDG 1. End of poverty . 63
5.4.2 SDG 2. Zero hunger . 63
5.4.3 SDG 3. Good health and well-being . 63
5.4.4 SDG 4. Quality education . 63
5.4.5 SDG 5. Gender equality . 63
5.4.6 SDG 6. Clean water and sanitation . 64
5.4.7 SDG 7. Affordable and clean energy . 64
5.4.8 SDG 8. Decent work and economic growth . 64
5.4.9 SDG 9. Industry, innovation and infrastructure . 64
5.4.10 SDG 10. Reduce inequalities . 65
5.4.11 SDG 11. Sustainable cities and communities . 65
5.4.12 SDG 12. Responsible consumption and production . 65
5.4.13 SDG 13. Climate action . 65
5.4.14 SDG 14. Life below water . 66
5.4.15 SDG 15. Life on land . 66
5.4.16 SDG 16. Peace, justice, and strong institutions. . 66
5.4.17 SDG 17. Partnerships for the goals .67

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ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
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The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 59, Buildings and civil engineering works, SC
17 Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 350, Sustainability of construction works, in accordance
with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.

v
ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
Introduction
The methodology for sustainability assessment defined in EN 17472 and ISO 21928-2 provides results
intended to be communicated to the interested parties in an understandable way.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) provide a common language to express sustainability, its
challenges and results, and for this reason it would be good to express sustainability performance in terms
of SDGs. However, they are not articulated in such a way to form a comprehensive, structured and rigorous
set to evaluate the sustainability of a civil work. Therefore, to express the evaluations carried out according
to EN 17472 and ISO 21928-2 in terms of SDGs can facilitate the understanding of the stakeholders and can
demonstrate the progress and contributions made by the civil engineering works to meeting the SDGs.
Links between the indicators in EN 17472 and ISO 21928-2 and SDGs can be established. This can lead to
improved performance on the indicator results and a greater likelihood of achieving the SDGs. The aim of
this document is to identify linkages between the indicators used to assess the sustainability performance
of civil engineering works and the SDGs adopted by the United Nations.

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Technical Report ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
Connection between the contributions of civil engineering
works to sustainability and achievement of the Sustainable
Development Goals
1 Scope
This document shows the relationship between the indicators in EN 17472 and ISO 21928-2, used to assess
the environmental, social, and economic performance of civil engineering works (CEW), and the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs), which can serve as a tool to communicate the results of the assessment carried
out with the methodology established in EN 17472 and ISO 21928-2.
This document does not provide any criteria or rules for performing any kind of assessment.
This document also provides information about how the SDGs are influenced by the performance of several
CEW, based on the results of the assessment done according to either EN 17472 or ISO 21928-2, or both, and
demonstrate their contributions to achieving the SDGs targets.
The links provided can also be applied to address efforts towards satisfying specific SDGs.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21928-2, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Sustainability indicators — Part 2:
Framework for the development of indicators for civil engineering works
EN 17472, Sustainability of construction works — Sustainability assessment of civil engineering works —
Calculation methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 21928-2 and EN 17472 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Methodology
Five typologies of CEW are considered in the study:
— industrial process infrastructures;
— linear infrastructures;
— dams and other fluvial works;
— maritime works;
ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
— public spaces.
The objective of sustainability assessment of the CEW is to measure and evaluate the environmental,
economic and social performance of each project and their area of influence. This assessment is carried out
with a list of indicators which, in some cases, define the adoption of measures. The list of indicators can be
found in the Excel file available at: https:// standards .iso .org/ iso/ tr/ 7016/ ed -1/ en.
Targets and indicators for each SDG are provided with a link to the relevant page on the United Nations (UN)
website, the first time they are cited (i.e. 5.1). All information on the SDGs can be found on this website:
https:// sdgs .un .org/ .
The method used to find relations is to study how each indicator (and other items included within each
indicator) can contribute to achieving each of the targets of the SDG, and, finally, determine whether the
indicator has a direct or indirect influence on the SDG. The initial assessment considered dams and other
fluvial works, but the links can be generally applied in the same way to the other typologies. For this reason,
many of the examples provided in this document are related to dams and other fluvial works.
Relationships are established through the following steps. Firstly, it is identified whether the possible
relationship is positive (contribution to the achievement of the objective) or negative. Then the intensity
of the relationship is determined, so that the relationship can be either very close or more indirect. Finally,
examples are provided to justify the type of relationship established or justified in a generic way with solid
arguments.
If an indicator has a relation with more than one target of a SDG, the direct relations between the target and
the indicator outweighs the indirect relations in the final assessment of the relation between the indicator
and the SDG. Therefore, for instance, if an indicator has a direct and an indirect relation with two targets of
the same SDG, that indicator has a direct relation with the SGD.
In addition, each set of aspects has an assessment of the relation that it has with the SGD, following the same
criteria expressed previously.
5 Relations between assessment indicators and SDGs
5.1 Environmental indicators
5.1.1 SDG 1. End of poverty
5.1.1.1 General
1)
The targets for SDG 1 are available on the United Nations website . The relations between the indicators
and the targets of SDG 1 are explained in 5.1.1.2.
5.1.1.2 Indicator water management and target 1.5
The following item is considered: water flooding.
Reducing the risk of water flooding will improve the resilience and reduce the exposure to climate-related
extreme events and disasters.
1) Goal 1 “End poverty in all its forms everywhere”: https:// sdgs .un .org/ goals/ goal1 #targets _and _indicators.

ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
5.1.2 SDG 2. Zero hunger
5.1.2.1 General
2)
The targets for SDG 2 are available on the United Nations website . The relations between the indicators
and the targets of SDG 2 are explained in 5.1.2.2 to 5.1.2.5.
5.1.2.2 Indicator water management and target 2.3
The following items are considered:
— consumptive use of fresh water;
— water scarcity.
CEW provide greater access to irrigation water, which makes it easier to achieve the goal.
When assessing consumptive use of fresh water, usually lower consumption means better performance. But
(assuming that efficiency in water management is a different issue), a better result in the indicator means a
worst result in the target.
Reducing the consumptive use of fresh water in CEW, and (in the case of dams) having more water availability,
increases the availability of water for agriculture, which can increase the productivity and incomes of small-
scale food producers.
5.1.2.3 Indicator emissions to the environment and target 2.4
The following item is considered: soil quality: potential soil quality index (dimensionless).
Changes in food production in order to ensure sustainability reduce excessive land uses for cultivation that
cause loss of soil quality, ensuring its adequate level of quality.
Improving soil quality can influence the proportion of agricultural areas under productive and sustainable
agriculture (SDG indicator 2.4.1).
5.1.2.4 Indicator ecosystem health and target 2.3
The following items are considered:
— change in ecosystem services;
— biodiversity change: protected areas affected;
— biodiversity change: non-protected areas with biodiversity quality changes.
The increase of agricultural productivity can cause indirect changes in ecosystem services and also cause
negative effects on biodiversity and ecosystems, by increasing the areas used for agriculture and decreasing
natural sites and protected areas.
Avoiding negative effects on ecosystem services and biodiversity can support agricultural productivity and
income (SDG indicator 2.3.1). For example, avoiding the loss of habitat for pollinators helps maintain yields
of pollinator dependent crops.
5.1.2.5 Indicator land use changes and target 2.3
The following item is considered: surface of land that changes its previous use because of the CEW (because
the land is occupied by it or because of its influence).
2) Goal 2 “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture”: https:// sdgs
.un .org/ goals/ goal2 #targets _and _indicators.

ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
The same argumentation as in ecosystem health, land use changes are necessary to secure the needed level
of food productivity.
Surface land use changes and the influence of CEW can influence agricultural productivity and incomes by
bringing new land into or removing from production and sustainable agricultural use.
NOTE Dams can facilitate the use of new land to be used for productive and sustainable agricultural use or
increase the productivity and incomes of existing farmers.
5.1.3 SDG 3. Good health and well-being
3)
The targets for SDG 3 are available on the United Nations website . This SDG does not present any type of
relation between its targets and the environmental indicators defined in ISO 21928-2 and EN 17472.
5.1.4 SDG 4. Quality education
4)
The targets for SDG 4 are available on the United Nations website . This SDG does not present any type of
relation between its targets and the environmental indicators defined in ISO 21928-2 and EN 17472.
5.1.5 SDG 5. Gender equality
5)
The targets for SDG 5 are available on the United Nations website . This SDG does not present any type of
relation between its targets and the environmental indicators defined in ISO 21928-2 and EN 17472.
5.1.6 SDG 6. Clean water and sanitation
5.1.6.1 General
6)
The targets for SDG 6 are available on the United Nations website . The relations between the indicators
and the targets of SDG 6 are explained in 5.1.6.2 to 5.1.6.11.
5.1.6.2 Indicator water management and targets 6.1 and 6.4
The following item is considered: consumptive use of fresh water.
For target 6.1, the construction of CEW, in the form of dams, contributes directly to the supply of fresh water
to nearby populations with year-round storage, allowing for a continuous supply of water and making water
more affordable for all by reducing its price.
For target 6.4, CEW are related to the efficient use of water. Dams provide access to this resource, and their
management determines availability. Industrial infrastructures and their subsequent management have a
great influence on the efficient use of the resource.
5.1.6.3 Indicator water management and targets 6.2 and 6.4
The following item is considered: non-consumptive use of fresh water.
For target 6.2, as in 5.1.6.2 for target 6.1, the accumulation of large bodies of water in dams allows a
greater supply for both consumptive and non-consumptive purposes, increasing the level of hygiene of the
population with their use, thanks to the continuous flow that these structures allow.
3) Goal 3 “Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages”: https:// sdgs .un .org/ goals/ goal3 #targets _and
_indicators.
4) Goal 4 “Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all”: https://
sdgs .un .org/ goals/ goal4 #targets _and _indicators.
5) Goal 5 “Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls”: https:// sdgs .un .org/ goals/ goal5 #targets _and
_indicators.
6) Goal 6 “Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all”: https:// sdgs .un .org/ goals/
goal6 #targets _and _indicators.

ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
For target 6.4, CEW can increase or decrease the efficient use of water. Dams provide access to this resource,
and their management determines availability. Industrial facilities and their subsequent management have a
great influence on the efficient use of the resource.
5.1.6.4 Indicator water management and targets 6.1, 6.2 and 6.4
The following item is considered: water scarcity.
For target 6.1, there is an indirect link. The proper management of water resources in the construction and
use of infrastructures is directly related to its availability. In situations of scarcity or drought, dams are a
resource to combat potential adverse effects. Water treatment and water transport infrastructures facilitate
fair and universal access to water.
For target 6.2, there is an indirect link. The management of water resources during the construction and
use of infrastructures is directly related to its availability. In scenarios of scarcity or drought, dams are a
resource against adverse effects. Water treatment and water transport infrastructures facilitate fair and
universal access to water.
For target 6.4, by accumulating large quantities of water masses throughout the year, dams, reservoirs and
other fluvial works, e.g. rainwater tanks, ensure a continuous flow to the population, provided that controlled
and planned water withdrawals are carried out. In this way, dams become indispensable elements for the
achievement of this target, especially in countries with scarce water resources.
5.1.6.5 Indicator water management and target 6.2
The following item is considered: water flooding.
Floods pose health risks as well as safety risks. One of the main functions of dams is flood control. Other
types of CEW also have an influence on the reduction or increase of risk, depending on their design and the
considerations that have been taken into account.
5.1.6.6 Indicator water management and targets 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 and 6.6
The following item is considered: water quality.
For target 6.1, the accumulation of drinking water in the same controlled area allows a more efficient
management of its physical and chemical characteristics. Dams provide availability. In this way, water from
dams and reservoirs can be treated to improve its quality for consumption.
For target 6.2, as with the previous indicator, the quality improvement that can be made to water stored
in dams also positively affects sanitary water, improving hygiene to a large extent. Proper reservoir
management is crucial to ensure the quality of stored water.
For target 6.3, CEW such as treatment plants or dams are directly aimed at improving the availability and
quality of water for human or agricultural use. On the other hand, certain industrial processes or phases of
construction, maintenance or operation of infrastructures are directly linked to possible variations in water
quality.
For target 6.6, CEW sometimes have an impact on aquatic ecosystems. Sometimes more indirectly, by
crossing or diverting watercourses, sometimes by transforming them, as in the case of dams that convert a
river regime into a lake regime. The indicator related to water quality directly provides information on the
influence of infrastructure on aquatic ecosystems.
5.1.6.7 Indicator waste management and targets 6.3 and 6.6
The following item is considered: hazardous waste disposed.
For target 6.3, there is an indirect link. The management of hazardous waste and possible accidental
discharges during the construction and use of the infrastructure will, as a result, affect the quality of the
water bodies.
ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
For target 6.6, there is an indirect link. The management of hazardous waste and possible accidental
discharges during the construction and use of the infrastructure will, as a result, affect the quality of the
bodies of water and, consequently, the ecosystems present in them.
5.1.6.8 Indicator waste management and target 6.6
The following item is considered: non-hazardous waste disposed.
There is an indirect link. Waste management, possible accidental spills during the construction and use
of the infrastructure or uncontrolled handling, unauthorized landfills or landfills without the necessary
protections, affect, as a result, the quality of the bodies of water and, consequently, the ecosystems present
in them.
5.1.6.9 Indicator waste management and target 6.3
The following item is considered: radioactive waste disposed.
There is an indirect link. The management of radioactive waste and possible accidental discharges during
the construction and use of the infrastructure will, as a result, affect the quality of the water bodies.
5.1.6.10 Indicator emissions to the environment and targets 6.1, 6.3 and 6.6
The following items are considered:
— emissions to water;
— acidification of soil and water.
For target 6.1, the possible contamination that can occur accidentally or that, limited and controlled, is an
inherent part of the infrastructure management processes, has a direct effect on the population's safe access
to drinking water. The existence of certain infrastructures, such as dams, with their effect of diluting certain
polluting episodes, is also related to this goal.
For target 6.3, infrastructure management is directly related to this goal. Those CEW infrastructures whose
task is essentially water treatment contribute directly to its achievement. Those that retain, dilute or divert
possible discharges also contribute positive value. Those that discharge accidentally or in a controlled
manner can have a negative influence.
For target 6.6, infrastructure management is directly related to this goal. Those CEW infrastructures whose
task is essentially water treatment contribute directly to its achievement. Those that retain, dilute or divert
possible discharges also contribute positive value. Those that discharge accidentally or in a controlled
manner can have a negative influence. The effect of these will be felt directly in water-related ecosystems.
5.1.6.11 Indicator ecosystem health and target 6.6
The following items are considered:
— protected areas affected;
— non-protected areas with biodiversity quality changes.
Certain CEW necessitate the utilization of large areas of land. This often affects protected areas. But in both
protected and unprotected areas, restoration or protection measures determine the extent to which these
areas are affected. Sometimes, remediation projects or projects developed in previously degraded areas can
contribute to the improvement and therefore to the achievement of this goal. On other occasions, the effect
can be negative, even with the adoption of remedial measures.

ISO/TR 7016:2025(en)
5.1.7 SDG 7. Affordable and clean energy
5.1.7.1 General
7)
The targets for SDG 7 are available on the United Nations website . The relations between the indicators
and the targets of SDG 7 are explained in 5.1.7.2 to 5.1.7.4.
5.1.7.2 Indicator energy management and targets 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.a and 7.b
The following item is considered: energy sources.
For target 7.1, increasing the use of renewable energy sources (and decreasing the use of non-renewable
energy sources) can indirectly increase the proportion of the population that rely on clean fuels and
technology (SDG indicator 7.2.1).
Dams can provide a source of electricity that can directly increase the proportion of the population with
access to electricity (SDG indicator 7.1.1) and the proportion that rely on clean fuels and technology (SDG
indicator 7.2.1).
For target 7.2, energy management indicators measure the use and uptake of renewable energy sources
compared to non-renewable energy sources. Increasing the use of renewable energy sources (and decreasing
the use of non-renewable energy sources) directly contributes to increasing the renewable energy share in
the total final energy consumption (SDG indicator 7.2.1).
Hydroelectric dams can be a direct source of renewable energy that increases the proportion of population
with primary reliance on clean fuels and technology (SDG indicator 7.1.2). Dams can be a source of renewable
energy that directly increases the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix (SDG indicator 7.2.1).
For target 7.3, reducing the total use of primary and secondary energy resources can directly decrease
energy intensity in terms of primary energy and GDP (SDG indicator 7.3.1). For example, decreasing the total
use of primary energy in construction works that still provide the same function and benefits can improve
energy intensity measured against GDP.
Reliable energy management is essential for economic development, diversification, and the well-being of
inhabitants. The provision of dependable energy sources and thorough demand side energy management
are indirectly impacted by industrial process infrastructures, dam (power generating or pumped hydro)
facilities, linear infrastructure, and by maritime works.
For target 7.a, construction works that adopt or increase the use of renewable primary energy resources can
directly or indirectly support clean energy research, development, and production in developing countries
(SDG indicator 7.a.1). For example, construction works can incorporate solar PV to meet some or all of the
energy demand of the asset in operation.
Hydroelectric dams can be a direct source of clean (renewable) energy.
For target 7.b, increasing the use o
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