CEN/TS 1992-4-1:2009

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008
01-september-2008
Projektiranje pritrjevanja za uporabo v betonu - 4-1: Splošno
Design of fastenings for use in concrete - Part 4-1: General
Bemessung von Befestigungen in Beton - Teil 4-1: Allgemeines
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prCEN/TS 1992-4-1
ICS:
21.060.01 Vezni elementi na splošno Fasteners in general
91.080.40 Betonske konstrukcije Concrete structures
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008

oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
FINAL DRAFT
prCEN/TS 1992-4-1
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
June 2008
ICS 21.060.01; 91.080.40
English Version
Design of fastenings for use in concrete - Part 4-1: General
Bemessung von Befestigungen in Beton - Teil 4-1:
Allgemeines
This draft Technical Specification is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
250.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a Technical Specification. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice
and shall not be referred to as a Technical Specification.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents
Page
Foreword.4
1 Scope .5
1.1 General.5
1.2 Type of fasteners and fastening groups .5
1.3 Fastener dimensions and materials.7
1.4 Fastener loading .7
1.4.1 Type of loading .7
1.4.2 Direction of loading .8
1.5 Concrete strength.8
1.6 Concrete member loading .8
2 Normative references .9
3 Definitions and symbols .10
3.1 Definitions .10
3.2 Notations .15
3.2.1 Indices.15
3.2.2 Actions and Resistances .16
3.2.3 Concrete and steel.17
3.2.4 Units .19
4 Basis of design .20
4.1 General.20
4.2 Required verifications .20
4.3 Design format.21
4.4 Verification by the partial factor method.22
4.4.1 General.22
4.4.2 Partial factors for indirect and fatigue actions .22
4.4.3 Partial factors for resistance .22
4.5 Project specification and installation of fasteners.24
5 Determination of concrete condition and action effects .25
5.1 Non-cracked and cracked concrete.25
5.2 Derivation of forces acting on fasteners.25
5.2.1 General.25
5.2.2 Tension loads.26
5.2.3 Shear loads.29
6 Verification of ultimate limit state .36
6.1 General.36
7 Verification of fatigue limit state .37
7.1 General.37
7.2 Derivation of loads acting on fasteners .38
7.3 Resistance .39
8 Verification for seismic loading .41
8.1 General.41
8.2 Requirements.41
8.3 Actions.41
8.4 Resistance .41
9 Verification of serviceability limit state .44
Annex A (normative) .45
A.1 Local transmission of fastener loads into the concrete member.45
A.1.1 General.45
A.1.2 Verification of the shear resistance of the concrete member.45
A.1.3 Verification of the resistance to splitting forces .46
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Annex B (normative).47
B.1 Plastic design approach, fastenings with headed fasteners and post-installed fasteners.47
B.1.1 Field of application.47
B.1.2 Loads on fastenings.49
B.1.3 Design of fastenings .51
Annex C (informative) .54
C.1 Durability .54
C.1.1 General .54
C.1.2 Fasteners in dry, internal conditions .54
C.1.3 Fasteners in external atmospheric or in permanently damp internal exposure.54
C.1.4 Fasteners in high corrosion exposure by chloride and sulphur dioxide .54
Annex D (informative) .55
D.1 Exposure to fire – design method .55
D.1.1 General .55
D.1.2 Partial factors.55
D.1.3 Resistance under fire exposure.55
Annex E (informative) .59
E.1 Recommended additions and alterations to EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.5 (Design of structures
for earthquake resistance) for the design of fastenings under seismic loading.59
E.1.1 General .59
E.1.2 Additions to Section 4.3.5.1 of EN 1998-1:2004 .59
E.1.3 Additions and alterations to EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.5.2 .59
E.1.4 Additions to EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.5.3.61
E.1.5 Additions and alterations to EN 1998-1:2004, 4.3.5.4 .61

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Foreword
This document (prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.
This Technical Specification CEN/TS 1992-4-1 — General, describes the general principles and requirements
for safety, serviceability and durability of fasteners for use in concrete, together with specific requirements for
structures serving as base material for the fasteners. It is based on the limit state concept used in conjunction
with a partial factor method.
The numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended values and may be
changed in a National Annex, if required. The recommended values apply when
a) The fasteners comply with the requirements of 1.2.2, and
b) The installation complies with the requirements of 4.5.
National Annex for CEN/TS 1992-4-1
This CEN/TS gives values with notes indicating where national choices may have to be made. When this
CEN/TS is made available at national level it may be followed by a National Annex containing all Nationally
Determined Parameters to be used for the design of fastenings according to this CEN/TS for use in the
relevant country.
National choice of the partial factors and reliability parameters is allowed in design according to this CEN/TS
in the following clauses:
 4.4.2;
 4.4.3.1.1;
 4.4.3.1.2;
 4.4.3.1.3;
 4.4.3.2;
 4.4.3.3;
 5.1.2;
 B.1.3.1;
 D.1.2.
CEN/TS 1992-4 'Design of fastenings for use in concrete' is subdivided into the following parts:
 Part 1: General
 Part 2: Headed fasteners
 Part 3: Anchor channels
 Part 4: Post-installed fasteners — mechanical systems
 Part 5: Post-installed fasteners — chemical systems
Part 1 is applicable to all products. Special rules applicable to particular products are given in Parts 2 to 5 of
the series CEN/TS EN 1992-4. These Parts should be used only in conjunction with Part 1.
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1 Scope
1.1 General
1.1.1 This CEN/TS provides a design method for fasteners for structural purpose, which are used to
transmit actions to the concrete.
Inserts embedded in precast concrete elements during production, under FPC conditions and with the due
reinforcement, intended for use only during transient situations for lifting and handling, are covered by the
CEN/TR “Design and Use of Inserts for Lifting and Handling Precast Concrete Elements”, by CEN TC 229.
1.1.2 This CEN/TS is intended for applications in which the failure of fastenings will:
1) result in collapse or partial collapse of the structure, or
2) cause risk to human life, or
3) lead to significant economic loss.
1.1.3 The support of the fixture may be either statically determinate or statically indeterminate, defined as
multiple anchor use in some European Technical Approvals (ETAs). Each support may consist of one fastener
or a group of fasteners.
1.1.4 This CEN/TS is valid for applications which fall within the scope of the series EN 1992. In
applications where special considerations apply, e.g. nuclear power plants or civil defence structures,
modifications may be necessary.
1.1.5 This CEN/TS does not cover the design of the fixture. The design of the fixture shall be carried out to
comply with the appropriate Standards. Requirements for stiffness and ductility of the fixture are given in
clauses 5 and 8.
1.2 Type of fasteners and fastening groups
1.2.1 This CEN/TS applies to
a) cast-in fasteners such as headed fasteners, anchor channels with rigid connection between fastener and
channel;
b) post-installed anchors such as expansion anchors, undercut anchors, concrete screws, bonded anchors,
bonded expansion anchors and bonded undercut anchors.
For other types of fasteners modifications of the design provisions may be necessary.
1.2.2 This CEN/TS applies to fasteners with established suitability for the specified application in concrete
covered by provisions, which refer to this CEN/TS and provide data required by this CEN/TS. The necessary
data are listed in Parts 2 to 5.
NOTE Where there is no European Standard for a particular fastener which refers specifically to the use of this
fastener or where the fastener deviates significantly from the European Standard, the establishment of suitability may
result from:
 European Technical Approval (ETA) which refers specifically to the use of the fastener in concrete;
 relevant national standard or provision which refers specifically to the use of the fastener in concrete;
 documentation of the fastener should include the characteristic resistance of the fastener and consider effects
influencing the reliability of fasteners both during installation and in service life under sustained and variable loads, as
well as the sensitivity to possible deviations on any of the factors of importance.
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 Factors to be addressed are:
 Installation conditions in concrete on site.
 Drilling method and drill bit diameter in case of post-installed fasteners.
 Bore hole cleaning.
 Installation tools.
 Sustained (long term) and variable loads on the fastener.
 Variable loads on the concrete structure (crack cycling).
 Crack width in the concrete structure.
 Environmental conditions such as air pollution, alkalinity, aggressive environment, humidity, concrete-
installation temperature, service temperature…
 Location of fasteners in the concrete component.
 Minimum dimensions of the structural component.
In addition to the assumptions of EN 1992-1-1 it is assumed that both the design and execution of fastening
systems in concrete structures is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and experience.
1.2.3 This CEN/TS applies to single fasteners and groups of fasteners. In a fastening group the loads are
applied to the individual fasteners of the group by means of a common fixture. In this CEN/TS it is assumed
that in a fastening group only fasteners of the same type and size are used.
The configurations of fasteners (cast-in place headed fasteners and post-installed fasteners) covered by this
CEN/TS are shown in Figure 1.
Distinction is to be made between fastenings with and without hole clearance.
The following applications may be considered to have no hole clearance:
a) bolts are welded to the fixture or screwed into the fixture, or
b) any gap between the fastener and the fixture is filled with mortar of sufficient compression strength or
eliminated by other suitable means;
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Key
1 Fastener
2 Steel plate
a) Fastenings without hole clearance, all edge distances
b) Fastenings with hole clearance situated far from edges
c) Fastenings with hole clearance situated near to an edge
a
c < 10 h or c < 60 d
1 ef 1 nom
b
c < 10 h or c < 60 d
nom
2 ef 2
Figure 1 — Configuration of fastenings with headed and post-installed fasteners
For anchor channels the number of fasteners is not limited.
1.3 Fastener dimensions and materials
1.3.1 This CEN/TS applies to fasteners with a minimum diameter or a minimum thread size of 6 mm (M6) or
a corresponding cross section. In general, the minimum embedment depth should be h ≥ 40 mm. The actual
ef
value for a particular fastener might be taken from the relevant European Technical Specification.
1.3.2 This CEN/TS covers metal fasteners made of either carbon steel (ISO 898), stainless steel (EN 10088,
ISO 3506) or malleable cast iron (ISO 5922). The surface of the steel may be coated or uncoated. The
fasteners may include non-load bearing material e.g. plastic parts. This document is valid for fasteners with a
nominal steel tensile strength f ≤ 1000 N/mm². The binding material of bonded fasteners may be made
uk
primarily of resin, cement or a combination of the two. In addition inorganic fillers may be used.
1.4 Fastener loading
1.4.1 Type of loading
Loading on the fastenings may be static, cyclic (causing fatigue failure) and seismic. The suitability of the
fastener type to resist either cyclic or seismic loading is stated in the relevant European Technical
Specification.
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1.4.2 Direction of loading
The loading on the fastener resulting from the actions on the fixture (e.g. tension, shear, bending or torsion
moments or any combination thereof) will generally be axial tension and/or shear. When the shear force is
applied with a lever arm a bending moment on the fastener will arise. Any axial compression on the fixture
should be transmitted to the concrete either without acting on the fastener or via fasteners suitable for
resisting compression (Figure 2).

Key
1 concrete
a), b) fasteners not loaded in compression;
in Figure (a) the compression force is transferred by the fixture and
in Figure (b) by the washer
c) fasteners loaded in compression
Figure 2 — Examples of fastenings loaded by a bending moment and a compression force
1.5 Concrete strength
This document is valid for members using normal weight concrete with strength classes in the range C12/15
to C90/105 all in accordance with EN 206-1. The range of concrete strength classes in which particular
fasteners may be used is given in the relevant European Technical Specification and may be more restrictive
than stated above.
1.6 Concrete member loading
If the concrete member is subjected to cyclic or seismic loading certain types of fasteners may not be allowed.
This is stated in the corresponding European Technical Specification.
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2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
NOTE The following references to Eurocodes are references to European Standards and European Prestandards.
These are the only European documents available at the time of publication of this CEN/TS. National documents take
precedence until Eurocodes are published as European Standards.
EN 1990:2002, Eurocode — Basis of structural design
EN 1992-1-1:2004, Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings
EN 1993-1-1:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings.
EN 1993-1-8:2005, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures — Part 1-8: Design of joints.
EN 1994-1-1:2004, Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures — Part 1-1: General rules
and rules for buildings.
EN 1998-1:2004, Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance — Part 1: General rules, seismic
actions and rules for buildings
EN 206-1, Concrete — Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity.
EN 10002-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at ambient temperature.
EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete — Weldable reinforcing steel — General requirements.
EN 10088-2: Stainless steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for sheet/plate and strip of corrosion
resisting sheets for general purposes.
EN 10088-3, Stainless steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for semi-finished products, bars, rods,
wire, sections and bright products of corrosion resisting sheets for general purposes.
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete — Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests.
EN 12390-3, Testing hardened concrete — Part 3: Compressive strength of test specimens.
EN 12390-7, Testing hardened concrete — Part 7: Density of hardened concrete.
EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures — Part 1: Cored specimens — Taking, examining and testing in
compression.
EN 13501-2, Fire classification of construction products and building elements — Part 2: Classification using
data from fire resistance tests, excluding ventilation services.
EN ISO 13918, Welding — Studs and ceramic ferrules for arc stud welding (ISO 13918:2008).
ISO 273, Fasteners — Clearance holes for bolts and screws.
ISO 898-1, Mechanical properties of fasteners made of carbon steel and alloy steel — Part 1: Bolts, screws
and studs.
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ISO 898-2, Mechanical properties of fasteners — Part 2: Nuts with specified proof load values — Coarse
thread.
ISO 1803:1997, Building construction — Tolerances — Expression of dimensional accuracy — Principles and
terminology.
ISO 3506, Mechanical properties of corrosion-resistant stainless-steel fasteners.
ISO 5922, Malleable cast iron (Revision of ISO 5922:1981).
3 Definitions and symbols
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1
Anchor
Element made of steel or malleable iron either cast into concrete or post-installed into a hardened concrete
member and used to transmit applied loads (see Figures 3 to 5). In this CEN/TS 'anchor' and 'fastener' are
used synonymously. In the case of anchor channels, a steel fastener is rigidly connected to the back of the
channel and embedded in concrete
3.1.2
Anchor channel
Steel profile with rigidly connected anchors (also called channel bar, see Figure 4) installed prior to concreting
3.1.3
Anchor channel loading: Axial tension
Load applied perpendicular to the surface of the base material
3.1.4
Anchor channel loading: Bending
Bending effect induced by a load applied perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the channel
3.1.5
Anchor channel loading: Combined
Axial and shear loading applied simultaneously (oblique loading)
3.1.6
Anchor channel loading: Shear
Shear acting parallel to the concrete surface and transversely with respect to the longitudinal axis of the
channel
3.1.7
Anchor group
A number of fasteners with identical characteristics acting together to support a common attachment, where
the spacing of the anchors does not exceed the characteristic spacing
3.1.8
Anchor loading: Axial
Load applied perpendicular to the surface of the base material and parallel to the fastener longitudinal axis
3.1.9
Anchor loading: Bending
Bending effect induced by a shear load applied with an eccentricity with respect to the centroid of resistance
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3.1.10
Anchor loading: Combined
Axial and shear loading applied simultaneously (oblique loading)
3.1.11
Anchor loading: Shear
Shear induced by a load applied perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the fastener
3.1.12
Anchor spacing
Distance between the centre lines of the fasteners
3.1.13
Anchorage component
Component (element) in which a fastener is anchored
3.1.14
Attachment
Metal assembly that transmits loads to the fastener. In this CEN/TS 'attachment' and 'fixture' are used
synonymously
3.1.15
Base material
Material in which the fastener is installed
3.1.16
Blow-out failure
Spalling of the concrete on the side face of the anchorage component at the level of the embedded head with
no major breakout at the top concrete surface. This is usually associated with anchors with small side cover
and deep embedment
3.1.17
Bonded anchor
Fastener placed into a hole in hardened concrete, which derives its resistance from a bonding compound
placed between the wall of the hole in the concrete and the embedded portion of the fastening (see Figure
3.3b))
3.1.18
Bond failure
that occurs at the interface between the bonding compound and the base material or between the bonding
compound and the metal part of a bonded anchor system
3.1.19
Bonded expansion anchor
Bonded anchor designed such that the anchor bolt can move relative to the hardened bonding compound
resulting in follow-up expansion (see Figure 5h))
3.1.20
Cast-in fastener
Headed bolt, headed stud, hooked bolt or anchor channel installed before placing the concrete, see headed
anchor
3.1.21
Characteristic spacing
Spacing required to ensure the characteristic resistance of a single fastener
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3.1.22
Characteristic resistance
The 5 % fractile of the resistance (value with a 95 % probability of being exceeded, with a confidence level of
90 %)
3.1.23
Clamping force
Prestressing force resulting from tightening of the fastener against the fixture
3.1.24
Concrete breakout failure
corresponds to a wedge or cone of concrete surrounding the fastener or group of fasteners separating from
the base material
3.1.25
Concrete pry-out failure
corresponds to the formation of a concrete spall opposite to the loading direction under shear loading
3.1.26
Concrete screw
Threaded anchor screwed into a predrilled hole where threads create a mechanical interlock with the concrete
(see Figure 5f))
3.1.27
Displacement
Movement of the loaded end of the fastener relative to the concrete member into which it is installed in the
direction of the applied load. In the case of anchor channels, movement of an anchor channel relative to the
anchorage component. In tension tests, displacement is measured parallel to the anchor axis. In shear tests,
displacement is measured perpendicular to the anchor axis
3.1.28
Deformation-controlled expansion anchor
A post-installed fastener that derives its tensile resistance by expansion against the side of the drilled hole
through movement of an internal plug in the sleeve (see Figures 5c)) or through movement of the sleeve over
an expansion element (plug). Once set, no further expansion can occur
3.1.29
Ductile steel element
An element with sufficient ductility. The ductility conditions are given in the relevant sections
3.1.30
Edge distance
Distance from the edge of the concrete member to the centre of the fastener
3.1.31
Effective embedment depth
The definition of the effective embedment depth for the different types of fasteners is given in Figures 3 to 5
3.1.32
European Technical Specification
Harmonized European Product Standard (hEN) or European Technical Approval (ETA)
3.1.33
Fastener
see anchor
3.1.34
Fastening
Assembly of fixture and fasteners used to transmit loads to concrete
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3.1.35
Fixture
see attachment
3.1.36
Headed anchor
Steel fastener installed before placing concrete (see Figure 3). It derives its tensile resistance from
mechanical interlock at the anchor head. The definitions given in Figure 3b) and 3c) should be verified for
directions 1 and 2 according to Figure 6
3.1.37
Installation safety factor
Partial factor that accounts for the sensitivity of a fastener to installation inaccuracies on its performance
3.1.38
Mechanical interlock
Load transfer to a concrete member via interlocking surfaces
3.1.39
Minimum edge distance
Minimum allowable edge distance to allow adequate placing and compaction of concrete (cast-in place
fasteners) and to avoid damage to the concrete during installation (post-installed fasteners), given in the
European Technical Specification
3.1.40
Minimum member thickness
Minimum member thickness, in which a fastener can be installed, given in the European Technical
Specification
3.1.41
Minimum spacing
Minimum fastener spacing to allow adequate placing and compaction of concrete (cast-in fasteners) and to
avoid damage to the concrete during installation (post-installed fasteners), measured centreline to centreline,
given in the European Technical Specification
3.1.42
Post-installed fastener
A fastener installed in hardened concrete (see Figure 5)
3.1.43
Pullout failure
A failure mode in which the fastener pulls out of the concrete without development of the full concrete
resistance or a failure mode in which the fastener body pulls through the expansion sleeve without
development of the full concrete resistance
3.1.44
Special screw
Screw which connects the element to be fixed to the anchor channel
3.1.45
Splitting failure
A concrete failure mode in which the concrete fractures along a plane passing through the axis of the fastener
or fasteners
3.1.46
Steel failure of fastener
Failure mode characterised by fracture of the steel fastener parts

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Key
a) without anchor plate
b) with a large anchor plate in any direction, b > 0,5 h or t ≥ 0,2 h
1 n n
c) with a small anchor plate in each direction, b ≤ 0,5 h or t < 0,2 h
1 n n
Figure 3 — Definition of effective embedment depth h for headed fasteners
ef
Key
1 anchor
2 connection between anchor and channel
3 channel lip
4 special screw
Figure 4 — Definitions for anchor channels

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Key
a) torque controlled fastener, sleeve type e) undercut fastener, type 2
b) torque controlled fastener, wedge type f) concrete screw
c) deformation controlled fastener g) bonded fastener
d) undercut fastener, type 1 h) bonded expansion anchor

Figure 5 — Definition of effective embedment depth h for post-installed fasteners, examples
ef
NOTE For concrete screws h is smaller than the embedded length of the threads.
ef
3.1.47
Supplementary reinforcement
Reinforcement tying a potential concrete breakout body to the concrete member
3.1.48
Torque-controlled expansion anchor
Post-installed expansion anchor that derives its tensile resistance from the expansion of one or more sleeves
or other components against the sides of the drilled hole through the application of torque, which pulls the
cone(s) into the expansion sleeve(s) during installation. After setting, tensile loading can cause additional
expansion (follow-up expansion), see Figures 5a) and 5b).
3.1.49
Undercut anchor
A post-installed fastener that develops its tensile resistance from the mechanical interlock provided by
undercutting of the concrete at the embedded end of the fastener. The undercutting is achieved with a special
drill before installing the fastener or alternatively by the fastener itself during its installation, see Figures 5d)
and 5e).
3.2 Notations
3.2.1 Indices
action effects
E
load
L
material
M
normal force
N
resistance, restraint
R
shear force
V
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a acceleration
b  bond
c  concrete
ca connection
cb  blow-out
cp  concrete pryout
d  design value
el  elastic
eq seismic (earthquake)
fat  fatigue
fi  fire
fix  fixture
flex  bending
g  load on or resistance of a group of fasteners
h  highest loaded fastener in a group
k  characteristic value
l  local
max  maximum
min  minimum
nom  nominal
p  pull out
pl  plastic
re  reinforcement
s  steel
sp  splitting
u  ultimate
y  yield
0  basic value
3.2.2 Actions and Resistances
g gravity
F force in general
N normal force (positive = tension force, negative = compression force)
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V shear force
M moment
M bending moment on fixture around axis in direction 1
M bending moment on fixture around axis in direction 2
T torsional moment on fixture
F (N ;V ) characteristic value of resistance of a single fastener or a group respectively (normal
Rk Rk Rk
force, shear force)
F (N ;V ) design value of resistance of a single fastener or a group respectively (normal force,
Rd Rd Rd
shear force)
F (N ; V ; M ; T ) characteristic value of actions acting on the fixture (normal load, shear load, bending
Ek Ek Ek Ek Ek
moment, torsion moment)
F (N ; V ; M ; T ) design value of actions acting on the fixture (normal load, shear load, bending moment,
Ed Ed Ed Ed Ed
torsion moment), in the case of anchor channels design value of actions acting on the
special screw
a a a
F (N ;V ) design value of action on one anchor of the anchor channel
Ed Ed Ed
a a a
F (N ;V ) design value of action on anchor i of the anchor channel
Ed,i Ed,i Ed,i
h h
N (V ) design value of tensile load (shear load) acting on the most stressed fastener of a group
Ed Ed
g g
N (V ) design value of the resultant tensile (shear) loads of the fasteners in a group effective in
Ed Ed
taking up tension (shear) loads
N design value of tension load acting on the supplementary reinforcement
Ed,re
a
N design value of tension load acting on the supplementary reinforcement of one anchor
Ed,re
of the anchor channel
3.2.3 Concrete and steel
f   design compressive strength of concrete
cd
f characteristic compressive strength of concrete (strength class) measured on cylinders
ck
150 × 300 mm
f , characteristic compressive strength of concrete (strength class) measured on cubes
ck cube
with a side length 150 mm
f characteristic steel yield strength or steel proof strength respectively (nominal value)
yk
f characteristic steel ultimate tensile strength (nominal value)
uk
A' ordinate of a triangle with the height 1 at the position of the load N and the base
i Ed
length 2 l at the position of the anchors i of an anchor channel
i
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008
prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008 (E)
A stressed cross section of steel
s
I moment of inertia of the channel [mm ] relative to the y-axis (see Figure 4)
y
W elastic section modulus calculated from the stressed cross section of steel
el
3.2.3.1 Fasteners and fastenings
Notation and symbols frequently used in this CEN/TS are given below and are illustrated in Figures 3 to 6 and
10, 12, 13 and 15. Further notation and symbols are given in the text.
a (a ) spacing between outer fasteners in adjoining fastenings in direction 1 (direction 2) (see Figure 6)
1 2
a distance between concrete surface and point of assumed restraint of a fastener loaded by a shear
force with lever arm (see Figure 15)
b width of concrete member
b width of the channel, (see Figure 4)
ch
b width of fixture
fix
c edge distance from the axis of a fastener (see Figure 6) or the axis of a anchor channel
c edge distance in direction 1 (see Figure 6)
c edge distance in direction 2. Direction 2 is perpendicular to direction 1
c characteristic edge distance for ensuring the transmission of the characteristic resistance of a single
cr
fastener
c minimum allowable edge distance
min
d diameter of fastener bolt or thread diameter (Figure 12),
diameter of the stud or shank of headed studs
d diameter of clearance hole in the fixture (Figure 12)
f
d diameter of anchor head (headed anchor)
h
d outside diameter of a fastener (Figure 12)
nom
d diameter of reinforcing bar
s
d nominal diameter of drilled hole
e distance between shear load and concrete surface (see Figure 15)
e distance between the axis of the shear load and the axis of the supplementary reinforcement for
s
shear
h thickness of concrete member in which the fastener is installed (see Figure 6)
h height of the channel, (see Figure 4)
ch
h effective embedment depth (see Figures 3 to 5). It is given in the corresponding European
ef
Technical Specification
h minimum allowed thickness of concrete member
min
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008
prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008 (E)
l lever arm of the shear force acting on a fastener (Figure 15)
l influence length of an external load N along an anchor channel
i Ed
n number of fasteners in a group
s centre to centre spacing of fasteners in a group (see Figure 6) or spacing of reinforcing bars
s (s ) spacing of fasteners in a group in direction 1 (direction 2) (see Figure 6)
1 2
s characteristic spacing for ensuring the transmission of the characteristic resistance of a single
cr
fastener
s minimum allowable spacing
min
t time
t thickness of grout layer (see Figure 13)
grout
t thickness of fixture
fix
Key
1 indices 1 and 2 depend on the direction of the shear load
(1: in direction of shear load; 2: perpendicular to direction of shear load)
a) fastenings subjected to tension load
b) fastenings subjected to shear load in the case of fastening near an edge
Figure 6 — Definitions related to concrete member dimensions, fastener spacing and edge distance
3.2.4 Units
In this CEN/TS SI-units are used. Unless stated otherwise in the equations, the following units are used:
2 3
Dimensions are given in mm, cross sections in mm , section modulus in mm , forces and loads in N and
stresses in N/mm².
oSIST-TS prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008
prCEN/TS 1992-4-1:2008 (E)
4 Basis of design
4.1 General
4.1.1 With appropriate degrees of reliability fasteners shall sustain all actions and influences likely to occur
during execution and use (ultimate limit state). They shall not deform to an inadmissible degree (serviceability
limit state) and remain fit for the use for which they are required (durability). They shall not be damaged by
accidental events to an extent disproportional to the original cause.
4.1.2 Fastenings shall be designed according to the same principles and requirements valid for structures
given in EN 1990 including load combinations.
NOTE A design using the partial factors given in this CEN/TS and the partial factors given in the EN 1990 Annexes is
considered to lead to a structure associated with reliability class RC2, i.e. a ß-value of 3,8 for a 50 year reference period.
For further information see EN 1990 Annexes B and C.
4.1.3 The design working life of the fasteners shall not be less than that of the fixture.
The safety factors for resistance and durability in this CEN/TS are based on a nominal working life of at least
50 years for the fastening.
4.1.4 Actions shall be obtained from the relevant parts of EN 1991 or EN 1998, in the case of seismic
actions, see also Annex E of this CEN/TS.
4.1.5 If the fastening is subjected to fatigue or seismic actions only, fasteners suitable for this application
shall be used (see relevant European Technical Specification).
4.1.6 The transfer of the loads acting on the fixture to the supports of the structure shall be considered in
the design of the structure taking account of the requirements of Annex A.
4.1.7 For the design and execution of fastenings the same quality requirements are valid as for the design
and executi
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