EN 18007-1:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2023
Elektromagnetno utripno varjenje - 1. del: Znanje o varjenju, terminologija in
slovar
Electromagnetic pulse welding - Part 1: Welding knowledge, terminology and vocabulary
Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren - Elektromagnetisches Pulsschweißen - Teil 1:
Schweißwissen, Terminologie und Begriffe
Soudage par impulsion électromagnétique - Partie 1 : Connaissance, terminologie et
vocabulaire du soudage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 18007-1
ICS:
01.040.25 Izdelavna tehnika (Slovarji) Manufacturing engineering
(Vocabularies)
25.160.10 Varilni postopki in varjenje Welding processes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 18007-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2023
ICS 01.040.25; 25.160.10
English Version
Electromagnetic pulse welding - Part 1: Welding
knowledge, terminology and vocabulary
Soudage par impulsion électromagnétique - Partie 1 : Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren -
Connaissance, terminologie et vocabulaire du soudage Elektromagnetisches Pulsschweißen - Teil 1:
Schweißwissen, Terminologie und Begriffe
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 121.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 18007-1:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Welding knowledge . 9
4.1 Process principles . 9
4.2 Process variants . 11
4.2.1 Electromagnetic pulse crimping . 11
4.2.2 Electromagnetic pulse welding of tubular products . 11
4.2.3 Electromagnetic pulse welding of sheet products . 12
4.3 Parameters . 13
4.4 Welding window . 15
4.5 Weld description . 17
4.6 Materials and material combinations. 18
4.7 Electromagnetic pulse welding equipment . 19
4.7.1 General . 19
4.7.2 Pulse generator . 19
4.7.3 Coils . 19
4.7.4 Features . 22
5 Health and safety . 22
Annex A (informative) Material combinations weldable by electromagnetic pulse welding . 23
Bibliography . 25

prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 18007-1:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 121 “Welding
and allied processes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
The EN 18007 series of standards consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Welding knowledge, terminology and vocabulary,
— Part 2: Design of welded joints,
— Part 3: Qualification of welding operators and weld setters,
— Part 4: Specification and qualification of welding procedures,
— Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements.
prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
Introduction
Electromagnetic pulse welding is an innovative solid-state welding technology, that belongs to the group
of pressure welding processes, and is based on the use of electromagnetic forces to deform, accelerate
and weld workpieces. No external heat source is used, the connection is only created by a high-velocity
impact.
The increasing use of the electromagnetic pulse welding process has created the need for a standard, to
ensure that the welding operations are carried out in the most effective manner and that appropriate
controls are performed on all aspects of the implementation.
To be effective, welded products need to be free from problems in production and in service. To achieve
this goal, it is necessary to provide controls from the design phase through material selection, choice of
parameters, the fabrication itself, and inspection. For example, poor design can create serious and costly
difficulties in the workshop or in service. Incorrect process parameters and/or material selection can
result in welding defects. Welding procedures need to be correctly formulated and approved to avoid
weld discontinuities. To ensure the manufacture of a quality product, management needs to understand
the causes of potential problems and implement appropriate inspection procedures and subsequent
quality measures. Supervision should be implemented to ensure that the specified quality is achieved.

prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
1 Scope
This document defines terms and definitions related to the electromagnetic pulse welding process. In this
document, the term “aluminium” refers to aluminium and its alloys.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/TR 25901 (all parts), Welding and allied processes — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in the ISO/TR 25901 series and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
electromagnetic pulse welding
creation of a welded joint by impact using a pulsed electromagnetic field
3.2
electromagnetic pulse sheet welding
creation of a welded joint of sheets by impact using a pulsed electromagnetic field
3.3
electromagnetic pulse tube welding
creation of a welded joint of tubes by impact using a pulsed electromagnetic field
3.4
electromagnetic pulse crimping
creation of a crimp connection (mechanical joint) using electromagnetic forming
3.5
flyer sheet
flyer tube
sheet or tube that is accelerated by electromagnetic forces during the process (see Figure 1)
3.6
target sheet
target tube
sheet or tube that is stationary during the process (see Figure 1)
3.7
driver
auxiliary workpiece used for efficient acceleration of workpieces with low electrical conductivity
prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
3.8
impact velocity
normal component (according to target sheet/tube surface) of the velocity of the flyer sheet/tube velocity
when it impacts with the target workpiece (see Figure 1)
3.9
collision point velocity
mean velocity parallel to the target workpiece at which the weld is created (see Figure 1)

Key
1 flyer
2 target
dd2− 1
Mean collision point velocity .
v =
collision,mean
∆t
Figure 1 — Definition of characteristic velocities (Source: Fraunhofer IWU)
3.10
impact angle
angle between flyer’s and target’s impact surface during the complete duration of the impact event (see
Figure 1)
3.11
jetting critical angle
angle at which a jet is created at the collision front
3.12
stand-off distance
gap
initial gap between the joining partners; the distance by which the metals to be welded are separated
from each other prior to the welding process (see Figure 2)
3.13
free length
length between the flyer tube/sheet and the internal workpiece; part of the flyer (tube or sheet) that can
freely move under the effect of the magnetic forces (not obstructed by the support or a part of the target
workpiece) (see Figure 2)
3.14
overlap of flyer and tool coil
work length [4]
length of work zone
distance that the flyer workpiece overlaps with the coil or field shaper (see Figure 2)
prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
Key
1 Cu 1 mm
2 spacer 2
3 spacer 1
4 Al 1 mm
5 flat coil
a stand-off
b overlap
c free-length
Figure 2 — Schematic representation of the geometrical parameters of the electromagnetic
pulse welding process (sheet applications)
3.15
discharge energy
energy discharged into the coil as a result of the discharge of the capacitors, characterized as follows:
E= CV
where
𝐸𝐸 is the discharge energy (J)
𝐶𝐶 is the capacitance (F)
𝑉𝑉 is the charging voltage (V)
3.16
discharge current
current discharged into the coil as a result of the discharge of the capacitors
3.17
discharge current frequency
significant frequency of the current induced in the coil from 𝑡𝑡 until 𝑡𝑡 ; the duration 𝑡𝑡
0 max,1 max,1
corresponds to the quarter of the period (noted T/4)
Note 1 to entry: Figure 3 illustrates this concept and presents the current discharge frequency equation.
prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
Key
X time
Y current
f =
Significant frequency
significant
4×∆t
max,l
Figure 3 — Pulsed current parameters (Source: Fraunhofer IWU)
3.18
pulse repetition rate
number of pulses per unit of time
3.19
current rise time
time taken by the electromagnetic pulse to change from a specified low value to a specified maximum
value (Δ𝑡𝑡 in Figure 3)
max,l
3.20
skin effect
alternating current tends to distribute itself inside a conductor in such a way that the current density is
highest near the surface of the conductor; this is called the skin effect
3.21
skin depth
how deep eddy currents penetrate a material is defined as the depth at which their intensity decreases
to 1/e (about 37 %) of their maximum intensity
3.22
bitter coil
coil formed by stacking alternating conductors and insulating discs, each foreseen with a radial cut
3.23
single turn coil
one turn coil
coil consisting of one turn
prEN 18007-1:2023 (E)
3.24
helix coil
coil with the turns arranged in a helical shape
3.25
flat coil
coil with the turns arranged in a single plane, either single or multi-turn
3.26
Rogowski coil
toroidal coil without a ferromagnetic core to measure the discharge current in an electrical circuit
3.27
...