EN ISO 140-5:1998

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-1999
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Acoustics - Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements - Part
5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façade elements and façades
(ISO 140-5:1998)
Akustik - Messung der Schalldämmung in Gebäuden und von Bauteilen - Teil 5:
Messung der Luftschalldämmung von Fassadenelementen und Fassaden am Bau (ISO
140-5:1998)
Acoustique - Mesurage de l'isolation acoustique des immeubles et des éléments de
construction - Partie 5: Mesurages in situ de la transmission des bruits aériens par les
éléments de façade et les façades (ISO 140-5:1998)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 140-5:1998
ICS:
17.140.01 $NXVWLþQDPHUMHQMDLQ Acoustic measurements and
EODåHQMHKUXSDQDVSORãQR noise abatement in general
91.120.20 $NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK=YRþQD Acoustics in building. Sound
L]RODFLMD insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 140-5
Second edition
1998-08-15
Acoustics — Measurement of sound
insulation in buildings and of building
elements —
Part 5:
Field measurements of airborne sound
insulation of façade elements and façades
Acoustique — Mesurage de l’isolation acoustique des immeubles et des
éléments de construction —
Partie 5: Mesurages in situ de la transmission des bruits aériens par les
éléments de façade et les façades
A
Reference number
ISO 140-5:1998(E)
ISO 140-5:1998(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of
preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which
a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented
on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-
governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote.
International Standard ISO 140-5 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building acoustics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 140-
5:1978), which has been technically revised.
ISO 140 consists of the following parts, under the general title Acoustics —
Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements:
— Part 1: Requirements of laboratory test facilities with suppressed
flanking transmission
— Part 2: Determination, verification and application of precision data
— Part 3: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of
building elements
— Part 4: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation between
rooms
— Part 5: Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façade
elements and façades
— Part 6: Laboratory measurements of impact sound insulation of floors
©  ISO 1998
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced
or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case postale 56 • CH-1211 Genève 20 • Switzerland
Internet iso@iso.ch
Printed in Switzerland
ii
©
ISO ISO 140-5:1998(E)
— Part 7: Field measurements of impact sound insulation of floors
— Part 8: Laboratory measurements of the reduction of transmitted
impact noise by floor coverings on a heavyweight standard floor
— Part 9: Laboratory measurement of room-to-room airborne sound
insulation of a suspended ceiling with a plenum above it
— Part 10: Laboratory measurement of airborne sound insulation of
small building elements
Annexes A and B form an integral part of this part of ISO 140. Annexes C
to F are for information only.
iii
©
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  ISO ISO 140-5:1998(E)
Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of
building elements —
Part 5:
Field measurements of airborne sound insulation of façade elements
and façades
1 Scope
This part of ISO 140 specifies two series of methods (element methods and global methods) for measurement of
the airborne sound insulation of façade elements and whole façades, respectively. The element methods aim to
estimate the sound reduction index of a façade element, for example a window. The most accurate element method
uses a loudspeaker as an artificial sound source. Other, less accurate, element methods use available traffic noise.
The global methods, on the other hand, aim to estimate the outdoor/indoor sound level difference under actual
traffic conditions. The most accurate global methods use the actual traffic as sound source. In addition, a
loudspeaker may be used as an artificial sound source. An overview of the methods is given in table 1.
The element loudspeaker method yields an apparent sound reduction index which, under certain circumstances
[e.g. taking account of measurement precision (see 7.1)], can be compared with the sound reduction index
measured in laboratories in accordance with ISO 140-3 or ISO 140-10. This method is the preferred method when
the aim of the measurement is to evaluate the performance of a specified façade element in relation to its
performance in the laboratory.
The element road traffic method will serve the same purposes as the element loudspeaker method. It is particularly
useful when, for different practical reasons, the element loudspeaker method cannot be used. These two methods
will often yield slightly different results. The road traffic method tends to result in lower values of the sound reduction
index than the loudspeaker method. In annex D this road traffic method is supplemented by the corresponding
aircraft and railway traffic methods.
The global road traffic method yields the real reduction of a façade in a given place relative to a position 2 m in front
of the façade. This method is the preferred method when the aim of the measurement is to evaluate the
performance of a whole façade, including all flanking paths, in a specified position relative to nearby roads. The
result cannot be compared with that of laboratory measurements.
The global loudspeaker method yields the sound reduction of a façade relative to a position 2 m in front of the
façade. This method is particularly useful when, for different practical reasons, the real noise source cannot be
used. The result cannot be compared with that of laboratory measurements.
©
ISO
ISO 140-5:1998(E)
Table 1 — Overview of the different measurement methods
No. Method Reference Result Field of application
Element
1 Element Clause 5 R¢ Preferred method to estimate the apparent
45°
loudspeaker sound reduction index of façade elements
2 Element Clause 6 Alternative to method No.1 when road traffic
R¢
tr,s
road traffic noise of sufficient level is available
3 Element Annex D R¢ Alternative to method No.1 when railway
rt,s
railway traffic (informative) traffic noise of sufficient level is available
4 Element Annex D R¢ Alternative to method No.1 when air traffic
at,s
air traffic (informative) noise of sufficient level is available
Global
5 Global Clause 5 D Alternative to methods Nos. 6, 7 and 8
ls,2m,nT
loudspeaker
D
ls,2m,n
6 Global Clause 6 D Preferred method to estimate the global
tr,2m,nT
road traffic sound insulation of a façade exposed to
D
tr,2m,n
road traffic noise
7 Global railway Annex D Preferred method to estimate the global
D
rt,2m,nT
traffic (informative) sound insulation of a façade exposed to
D
rt,2m,n
railway traffic noise
8 Global Annex D D Preferred method to estimate the global
at,2m,nT
air traffic (informative) sound insulation of a façade exposed to air
D
at,2m,n
traffic noise
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of
ISO 140. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and
parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 140 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the
most recent edition of the standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of currently valid
international standards.
ISO 140-2:1991, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2:
Determination, verification and application of precision data.
ISO 140-3:1995, Acoustics — Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 3:
Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements.
ISO 354:1985, Acoustics — Measurement of sound absorption in a reverberation room.
ISO 717-1:1996, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne
sound insulation.
IEC 60651:1979, Sound level meters.
IEC 60804:1985, Integrating-averaging sound level meters.
IEC 60942:1991, Sound calibrators.
IEC 61260:1995, Electroacoustics — Octave band filters and fractional — Octave band filters.
©
ISO
ISO 140-5:1998(E)
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this part of ISO 140, the definitions given in ISO 140-3 and the following definitions apply.
3.1 average sound pressure level on a test surface, L : Ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of
1,s
the surface and time average of the sound pressure squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the
surface average being taken over the entire test surface including reflecting effects from the test specimen and
façade; it is expressed in decibels.
3.2 average sound pressure level in a room, L : Ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the space
and time average of the sound pressure squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average
being taken over the entire room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or
the near field of the boundaries (wall, window, etc.) is of significant influence; it is expressed in decibels.
3.3 equivalent continuous sound pressure level, L : Value of the sound pressure level of a continuous steady
eq
sound that, within the measurement time interval, has the same mean square sound pressure as the sound under
consideration, the level of which varies with time; it is expressed in decibels.
3.4 sound reduction index, R: Ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power W incident
on the test specimen to the sound power W transmitted through the specimen:
 
W
=1R 0lg dB . . . (1)
W
 
NOTE  The expression “sound transmission loss” (TL) is also in use in English-speaking countries. It is equivalent to “sound
reduction index”.
3.5 apparent sound reduction index, R¢: Ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the sound power
W which is incident on the test specimen to the total sound power transmitted into the receiving room, if, in addition
to the sound power W radiated by the specimen, sound power W radiated by flanking elements or by other
2 3
components is significant:
 
W
=1R′ 0lg dB . . . (2)
WW+
 
3.6 apparent sound reduction index, R¢ : Measure of the airborne sound insulation of a building element when
45°
the sound source is a loudspeaker and when the angle of sound incidence is 45°. The angle of sound incidence is
the angle between the loudspeaker axis directed towards the centre of the test specimen and the normal to the
surface of the façade. The apparent sound reduction index is then calculated from equation (3):
S
� �
R¢ = L - L + 10 lg � � dB - 1,5 dB . . . (3)
45° 2
1,s
Ł ł
A
where
L is the average sound pressure level on the surface of the test specimen, as defined in 3.1;
1,s
L is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room, as defined in 3.2;
S is the area of the test specimen, determined as given in annex A;
A is the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room.
NOTE  This equation is based on the assumption that the sound is incident from one angle only, 45°, and that the sound field
in the receiving room is perfectly diffuse.
©
ISO
ISO 140-5:1998(E)
3.7 apparent sound reduction index, R¢ : Measure of the airborne sound insulation of a building element when
tr,s
the sound source is traffic noise and the outside microphone position is on the test surface. The apparent sound
reduction index is then calculated from equation (4):
S
� �
R¢ = L - L + 10 lg dB - 3 dB . . . (4)
� �
tr,s eq,1,s eq,2
Ł ł
A
where
L is the average value of the equivalent continuous sound pressure level on the surface of the test
eq,1,s
specimen including reflecting effects from the test specimen and façade;
L is the average value of the equivalent continuous sound pressure level in the receiving room;
eq,2
S and A are as given in 3.6.
3.8 level difference, D : Difference, in decibels, between the outdoor sound pressure level 2 m in front of the
2m
façade, L , and the space and time averaged sound pressure level, L , in the receiving room:
1,2m 2
D = L - L . . . (5)
2m 1,2m 2
NOTE  If traffic noise is used as the sound source, the notation is D . If a loudspeaker is used, it is D .
tr,2m ls,2m
3.9 standardized level difference, D : Level difference, in decibels, corresponding to a reference value of the
2m,nT
reverberation time in the receiving room:
� T �
= + 10 lg dB . . .
...