CEN/TS 1948-5:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2015
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY'RORþHYDQMHPDVQHNRQFHQWUDFLMH3&''3&')LQ
GLRNVLQRPSRGREQLK3&%GHO'ROJRWUDMQRY]RUþHQMH3&''3&')LQ3&%
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of
PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 5: Long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs
and PCBs
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der Massenkonzentration von
PCDD/PCDF und dioxin-ähnlichen PCB - Teil 5: Langzeitprobenahme von PCDD/PCDF
and PCB
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la concentration massique en
PCDD/PCDF et PCB de type dioxine - Partie 5: Echantillonnage à long-terme de
PCDD/PCDF et PCB
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 1948-5:2015
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 1948-5
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
April 2015
ICS 13.040.40
English Version
Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass
concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 5:
Long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs and PCBs
Emissions de sources fixes - Détermination de la Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Bestimmung der
concentration massique en PCDD/PCDF et PCB de type Massenkonzentration von PCDD/PCDF und dioxin-
dioxine - Partie 5: Prélèvement à long-terme de ähnlichen PCB - Teil 5: Langzeitprobenahme von
PCDD/PCDF et PCB PCDD/PCDF und PCB
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 29 December 2014 for provisional application.

The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.

CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 1948-5:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .6
Introduction .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references .9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated
dibenzofuranes . 13
5 Principle of long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling . 14
5.1 General . 14
5.2 Long-term sampling based on the filter/condenser method . 14
5.3 Long-term sampling based on the dilution method . 15
5.4 Long-term sampling based on the cooled probe method . 15
6 Sampling device and materials . 15
6.1 General sampling device . 15
6.2 Components for the sampling train . 15
6.3 Automatic controller . 16
6.4 Devices for measuring the flue gas parameters . 16
6.5 Materials . 16
7 Minimum requirements for long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling methods . 17
7.1 Certification of the sampling system . 17
7.2 Validation of the installation/functioning on each plant to be fulfilled by the plant operator . 19
7.2.1 Long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling systems using sampling units which have to be
prepared in the laboratory . 19
7.2.2 Minimum requirements for set-up. 19
7.2.3 Minimum requirements for selecting the sampling point . 19
7.2.4 Minimum requirements for sampling. 20
7.3 Minimum requirements for on-going operations on each plant to be fulfilled at regular
time intervals by the plant operator . 24
7.3.1 Regular check-up . 24
7.3.2 Maintenance . 24
8 Quality assurance . 26
8.1 General . 26
8.2 Quality assurance for the sampling unit . 26
8.2.1 Leak check . 26
8.2.2 Field blank . 26
8.3 Quality assurance for sampling volume . 26
8.3.1 Initial quality assurance . 26
8.3.2 Ongoing quality assurance on site . 26
8.4 Quality assurance of isokinetic sampling . 27
8.5 Quality assurance of flue gas conditions (O content, temperature, pressure, humidity) . 27
9 Analytical procedure . 27
9.1 General . 27
9.2 Extraction of the sample . 28
9.3 Partitioning of the sample extract . 28
9.4 Clean-up . 31
9.5 Identification and quantification . 31
9.6 Calculation of the recovery rates of the extraction standards . 31
9.7 Calculation of results . 31
10 Estimation of uncertainty of the method . 32
10.1 General . 32
10.2 Elements required for the uncertainty determinations . 32
10.2.1 Model formula and parameters . 32
10.2.2 Expanded uncertainty . 34
11 Reporting . 34
11.1 Sampling and analytical report . 34
11.2 Record keeping every half hour . 36
11.3 Interruptions recording . 37
11.4 Reporting of the method validation (from manufacturer and test house) . 37
Annex A (normative) Overview of minimum requirements . 39
Annex B (informative) Cleaning of the probe . 41
Annex C (normative) Performance criteria and test procedure for certification . 42
C.1 General relation to other standards . 42
C.2 General requirements . 42
C.2.1 Application of the minimum requirements . 42
C.2.2 Certification ranges . 42
C.3 Performance criteria common to all long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling systems for

laboratory testing . 42
C.3.1 Performance criteria for the automatic isokinetic control . 42
C.3.2 Requirements of EN 15267-3 . 42
C.4 Performance criteria common to all long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling systems for

field testing . 43
C.4.1 For the automatic isokinetic control . 43
C.4.2 Event of long-term sampling . 43
C.4.3 Status information . 43
C.4.4 Availability . 43
C.4.5 Reproducibility . 43
C.4.6 Automatic post-adjustment unit . 43
C.4.7 Loss of PCDD/PCDF/PCB to be determined in the sampling line . 44
C.4.8 Number of values to be determined . 44
C.4.9 Labelling . 44
C.4.10 Storage life . 44
C.4.11 Blank value . 44
C.4.12 Relation to the plant conditions . 44
C.4.13 Isokinetic sampling . 44
C.4.14 Essential characteristic data . 44
Annex D (informative) Examples of devices and operation for long-term sampling systems . 45
D.1 Filter/condenser method . 45
D.1.1 Summary of apparatus design . 45
D.1.1.1 General . 45
D.1.1.2 Sampling unit . 46
D.1.1.3 Control unit . 46
D.1.2 Spiking position . 46
D.1.3 Assembly procedure . 46
D.1.4 Leak check procedure . 46
D.1.5 Sampling . 46
D.1.6 Sample gas flow control . 46
D.1.7 Long-term sample automated features . 47
D.2 Dilution method . 47
D.2.1 Summary of apparatus design . 47
D.2.1.1 General . 47
D.2.1.2 Extraction unit . 48
D.2.1.3 Sucking and measurement unit . 48
D.2.2 Spiking position . 49
D.2.3 Assembly procedure . 49
D.2.4 Leak test procedure . 49
D.2.5 Sampling . 49
D.2.6 Long-term sample automated features . 50
D.3 Cooled probe method . 50
D.3.1 Summary of apparatus design . 50
D.3.1.1 For patent rights see Introduction . 50
D.3.1.2 Sampling probe . 51
D.3.1.3 Sampling unit . 51
D.3.1.4 Control cabinet . 52
D.3.2 Spiking position . 52
D.3.3 Handling procedure . 52
D.3.4 Leak test procedure . 52
D.3.5 Sampling . 52
D.3.6 Isokinetic flow control . 53
D.3.7 Automatic features of long-term sampling system . 53
Annex E (informative) Fundamentals of isokinetic sampling . 54
E.1 Isokinetic sampling. 54
E.1.1 General . 54
E.1.2 Influence on the isokinetic sampling over several days and weeks . 55
E.1.3 Parameters to be checked . 57
E.1.3.1 α Pitot constant . 57
E.1.3.2 Δp differential pressure . 58
i
E.1.3.3 p static pressure . 58
s
Annex F (informative) Example for the determination of the representative sampling point . 60
Annex G (informative) Estimation of the uncertainty of measured PCDD/PCDF of the long-term

sampling system . 63
G.1 General . 63
G.2 Analysis of the measurement process and mathematical modelling . 63
G.2.1 Basic formula of the calculation of the concentration of each of the PCDD/PCDF

congeners. 63
G.2.2 Determination of the sampled gas volume collected by a volumetric meter . 64
G.2.2.1 Volume at the actual conditions of temperature and pressure of the gas meter . 64
G.2.2.2 Volume sampled at standard temperature and pressure conditions, on dry gas (in case of

the volume measurement of dry gas) . 64
G.2.3 Sources of errors . 65
G.3 Application of the law of propagation of uncertainties . 66
G.3.1 Total concentration of PCDD/PCDF . 66
G.3.2 Determination of the gas volume collected by a volumetric meter . 66
G.4 Calculation of type uncertainties . 66
G.4.1 Calculation of the concentration of each of the PCDD/PCDF congeners considered . 66
G.4.2 Total concentration of PCDD/PCDF . 67
G.4.3 Determination of the volume of gas by a volumetric meter . 67
G.4.3.1 Volume at actual conditions of temperature, pressure and humidity . 67
G.4.3.2 Dry volume at standard conditions of temperature and pressure . 67
G.4.3.2.1 Case of the measurement of a volume of dry gas V=V . 67
d
G.4.3.2.2 Corrections on temperature measurements . 69
G.5 Calculation of expanded uncertainty . 69
G.6 Example of digital application: measurement of dioxin/furan-concentration . 69
G.6.1 Specific conditions on site . 69
G.6.2 Performance characteristics of the method . 72
G.6.3 Calculation of the concentration . 73
G.6.4 Calculation of standard uncertainties . 74
G.6.5 Calculation of the expanded uncertainty associated with concentration . 75
Annex H (informative) Example for calculation of measurement results for standard conditions . 76
H.1 General . 76
H.2 Dry volumetric flow rate in standard conditions . 76
Annex I (normative) Adaption of the maximum deviation in relation to the PCDD/PCDF/PCB

concentration . 78
Bibliography . 80

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 1948-5:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”,
the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
EN 1948-1, EN 1948-2, EN 1948-3 and EN 1948-4 describe reference methods for the determination of
PCDD/PCDF/PCB, whereas this Technical Specification gives requirements for long-term sampling
measurements in connection with the appropriate analytical methods (equivalent method). In contrast to the
standard reference method (EN 1948-1) which refers to monitoring the limit value for compliance with
emission limit values (ELVs) in Directives, such as Industrial Emission Directive (IED) [10], the long-term
sampling is intended to determine the average concentration level during a longer period (see e.g. [12], [13]).
CEN/TS 1948-5 provides a method for measuring long term average mass concentrations but it does not
specify its potential use by the competent authority for demonstrating compliance with long term ELVs.
Long-term sampling methods are not automatic measurement methods and do not provide continuous
emission monitoring data (real time display).
This Technical Specification in connection with EN 1948-2 and EN 1948-3 (extraction and analysis) are
necessary for the performance of long-term sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs/ PCBs.
In some European Union countries PCDD/PCDF/PCB long-term sampling is an obligatory measurement for
some incineration processes. In other countries of the European Union this may be obligatory in the future.
The European Organization for Standardization (CEN) draws attention to the fact that it is claimed that
compliance with this document may involve the use of patents concerning the use of PCDD/PCDF/PCB long-
term sampling systems, described in this document. This is valid for
a) the filter/condenser method (see 5.2) and
b) the cooled probe method (see 5.4).
CEN takes no position concerning the evidence, validity and scope of these patent rights.
The holder of this patent right has ensured CEN and CENELEC that he is willing to negotiate licenses under
reasonable and non-discriminatory terms and conditions with applicants throughout the world. In this respect,
the statement of the holder of this patent right is registered with CEN and CENELEC. Information may be
obtained from:
c) TECORA
211-215 rue de la France
94134 Fontenay sous Bois
France
d) Environment S.A
111, bd Robespierre
78304 Poissy Cedex
France
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights other than those identified above. CEN and CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any
or all such patent rights.
http://www.cencenelec.eu/ipr/Patents/Pages/default.aspx maintains online databases of patents relevant to its
documents. Users are encouraged to consult the databases for the most up to date information concerning
patents.
It should be mentioned that also a patent right existed for the dilution method (see 5.3). This patent was
phased out in September 2014.
In Reference [1] the results of a round robin test for long-term sampling are presented.
WARNING All relevant national safety regulations shall be observed. The 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted
PCDDs/PCDFs belong to the most toxic of chemicals. In addition working at the sampling site may include
exposure to a range of hazards such as poisonous/asphyxiating flue gases and working at heights.
Appropriate measures shall be taken to minimize exposure to such hazards. Care shall be taken when
transporting samples to avoid their breakage both to prevent contamination and to avoid sample losses.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies the long-term sampling of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. There are three
different sampling methods, which use the three different principles described in EN 1948-1 modified for long-
term sampling requirements:
— filter/condenser method;
— dilution method;
— cooled probe method.
Each sampling method is illustrated in detail in Annex D. The sampling methods described in this document
are designed for a sampling duration of typically four weeks.
Additionally this document specifies a framework of quality control requirements for any long-term sampling
method to be applied (see Annex C and Annex F).
With the methods described experiences were gained for a concentration range from typically 0,003 ng I-
3 3 3 3
TEQ/m up to 4,0 ng I-TEQ/m and 0,003 ng WHO-TEQ/m up to 4,0 ng WHO-TEQ/m respectively at
different stationary sources (e.g. waste incinerators, sinter plants, cement kilns).
For the complete measurement method the use of EN 1948-2 and EN 1948-3 describing extraction and clean-
up and identification and quantification, respectively, is necessary in order to determine PCDDs/PCDFs. Also
EN 1948-4 is necessary for the analyses of dioxin-like PCBs.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1948-1:2006, Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs
and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 1: Sampling of PCDDs/PCDFs
EN 1948-2:2006, Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs
and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 2: Extraction and clean-up of PCDDs/PCDFs
EN 1948-3:2006, Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs
and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 3: Identification and quantification of PCDDs/PCDFs
EN 1948-4:2010+A1:2013, Stationary source emissions - Determination of the mass concentration of
PCDDs/PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs - Part 4: Sampling and analysis of dioxin-like PCBs
EN 13284-1:2001, Stationary source emissions - Determination of low range mass concentration of dust - Part
1: Manual gravimetric method
EN 15259:2007, Air quality - Measurement of stationary source emissions - Requirements for measurement
sections and sites and for the measurement objective, plan and report
EN 15267-1, Air quality - Certification of automated measuring systems - Part 1: General principles
EN 15267-2, Air quality - Certification of automated measuring systems - Part 2: Initial assessment of the AMS
manufacturer’s quality management system and post certification surveillance for the manufacturing process
EN 15267-3:2007, Air quality - Certification of automated measuring systems - Part 3: Performance criteria
and test procedures for automated measuring systems for monitoring emissions from stationary sources
EN ISO 16911-1:2013, Stationary source emissions - Manual and automatic determination of velocity and
volume flow rate in ducts - Part 1: Manual reference method (ISO 16911-1:2013)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
sampling unit
different media including adsorber, absorber and filter in order to collect the PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs
Note 1 to entry: Each sampling system may use different collection systems to collect PCDD/PCDF and PCBs in the
gaseous and particulate form (e.g. filter, cartridge with sorbent). In this standard the whole collection system is considered
as the sampling unit which is send to the laboratory for analysis.
3.2
long-term sampling system
system to sample up to typically four weeks
3.3
standard reference method
SRM
sampling according to EN 1948-1 and extraction/clean-up/analysis according to EN 1948-2 and EN 1948-3
3.4
stand by
interruption of the measurement period due to plant shut down or during the changing of sampling support
(filters and adsorbant)
3.5
yearly PCDD/PCDF/PCB surveillance
several repeated long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB measurements during 1 year
3.6
standard flue gas sample volume
flue gas sample volume expressed at standard conditions of temperature (273,15 K) and pressure (101,3 kPa)
on a dry basis and if required corrected to the reference concentration of oxygen
3.7
isokinetic sampling
sampling at a flow rate such that the velocity (amount and direction) of the gas entering the sampling nozzle
are the same as the velocity of the gas in the duct at the sampling point
3.8
sampling standard
C -labelled 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDFs/PCB added before sampling
3.9
extraction standard
C -labelled 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDDs/PCDFs/PCB, added before extraction
Note 1 to entry: These standards are also used for calculation of results.
3.10
recovery standard
C -labelled 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted PCDDs/PCBs added before injection
3.11
type performance test
test to be performed by an independent test house in a laboratory and on site to test the conformity of the
automatic samplers according to the defined performance criteria corresponding to the concerned application
Note 1 to entry: This step, in analogy to automated measuring systems (AMS), provides the information to perform the
step QAL (see also introduction).
Note 2 to entry: The type performance testing is part of the certification process described, by analogy with AMS
described in EN 15267–3.
Note 3 to entry: The test laboratory should have accreditation to EN ISO/IEC 17025 for the dioxin SRM. The analytical
lab should have accreditation to EN ISO/IEC 17025 for the analysis (see 7.1. i), 8)).
[SOURCE: EN 14181 [2]]
3.12
validation of the installation and calibration in the field
Validation performed for each plant by an independent test house to check the defined performance criteria
Note 1 to entry: This step in analogy to AMS (automated measurement systems), corresponds to the QAL2 (see also
introduction).
Note 2 to entry: The test laboratory should have accreditation to EN ISO/IEC 17025 for the dioxin SRM. The analytical
lab should have accreditation to EN ISO/IEC 17025 for the analysis (see 7.1. i), 8)).
[SOURCE: EN 14181 [2]]
3.13
field blank value
value determined by a blank sample
Note 1 to entry: The described measurement procedure is employed to ensure that no significant contamination has
occurred during all steps of the measurement and to check that the operator can achieve a quantification level adapted to
the task.
3.14
accuracy
closeness of agreement between a measured quantity value and a true quantity value of a measurand
[SOURCE: VIM:2012 [3]]
3.15
maintenance interval
maximum admissible interval of time for which the performance characteristics will remain within a pre-defined
range without servicing – cleaning, calibration or adjustment
3.16
measurement section
region of the flue gas duct which includes the measurement plane(s)
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007; 3.12]
3.17
measurement cross section
plane normal to the centre line of the duct at the sampling position
Note 1 to entry: Measurement plane is also known as sampling plane.
[SOURCE: EN 15259:2007; 3.13]
3.18
availability
fraction of the total monitoring time for which data/sample material of acceptable quality has been collected
3.19
reference quantity
specified physical or chemical quantity which is needed for conversion of the measurand to standard
conditions
Note 1 to entry: Reference quantities are e.g. temperature (T = 273,15 K), pressure (p = 101,325 kPa), water
ref ref
vapour volume fraction (h = 0 %) and oxygen volume fraction (o .).
ref ref
3.20
purging
operation carried out to keep the probe clean during the stand-by modus
Note 1 to entry: Using oil-free instrument compressed air.
Note 2 to entry: The purging flow is in the direction of the nozzle (countercurrent if compared to the sampling flow,
passing in the whole probe and nozzle). The aim of the purging is to prevent contamination of the nozzle while the
instrument is in stand-by mode. Purging is not related to the standby cause. Probe’s temperature is the one selected for
stand-by mode.
3.21
rinsing
solvent based operation at least once a year
Note 1 to entry: See 7.1, i). and Annex B.
Note 2 to entry: Rinsing is carried out at the end of sampling run on all parts being in contact with the flue gas.
Solvents are the same described in EN 1948–1:2006, 6.3 and they can be considered as part of the sample.
3.22
cleaning
operation requiring a complete removal and cleaning of the parts of the sampling train which can be affected
e.g. by contamination
Note 1 to entry: Solvents used for cleaning of external parts of the sampling train are not to be considered part of the
sample.
3.23
thermal desorption of the probe and sampling line
operation carried out at the end of the sampling run
Note 1 to entry: Temperature of the probe when heated, increases up to 200 °C to remove trace organic compounds
which can be settled in the probe after a long-term sampling. The direction of the flow is from the nozzle to the sampling
unit. Duration of the process is typically 15 min to 30 min.
3.24
substitute
value programmed in the memory of the control unit
Note 1 to entry: This substitute is used to continue the run of the sampling even in case of defect or missing of
parameters of the system. For instance, if the external oxygen analyser is out of use, it is possible to switch to the
substitute value for oxygen and to continue the run of the sampling. The value is calculated taking into account the mean
value of the parameters since the last maintenance. In the case of e.g. oxygen analyser maintenance the last valid value
is taken as long as the “Analyser Maintenance” signal applies. Attention is drawn to the fact that it should be reported, if
values are substituted (see 7.2.4.4).
4 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document the following symbols apply.
4.1 General
ELV emission limit value
I-TEF international toxic equivalent factor (for a detailed description see EN 1948–1)
I-TEQ international toxic equivalent obtained by weighting the mass determined with the
corresponding I-TEF (for a detailed description, see EN 1948–1)
LOQ lower limit of quantification
PU foam
polyurethane foam used as adsorbent
ULOQ upper limit of quantification
WHO-TEF
toxic equivalent factor proposed by WHO (for detailed description see EN 1948–1)
WHO-TEQ toxic equivalent obtained by multiplying the mass determined with the corresponding
WHO-TEF including PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs (for detailed description see EN 1948–1)
XAD-2 used as adsorbent
4.2 Polychlorinated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and polychlorinated
dibenzofuranes
HpCDD heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
HpCDF heptachlorodibenzofurane
HxCDD hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
HxCDF
hexachlorodibenzofurane
OCDD octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
OCDF octachlorodibenzofurane
PCDD/PCDF polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurane
PCB polychlorinated biphenyl
PeCDD pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
PeCDF
pentachlorodibenzofurane
TCDD tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
TCDF tetrachlorobenzofurane
5 Principle of long-term PCDD/PCDF/PCB sampling
5.1 General
For patent rights see Introduction.
The sampling is done isokinetically in the duct for a long time period usually from 24 h up to several weeks,
typically four weeks. The sample gas flow rate is automatically controlled. The PCDDs/PCDFs/PCBs, both
adsorbed on particles and in the gas phase, are collected in the long term sampling system. Dependent on the
sampling system, the sampling unit can consist of different compartments, e.g. filter, condensate flask unit,
solid or liquid adsorbent. The systems are based on the following sampling methods, described in EN 1948-1:
— filter/condenser method;
— dilution method;
— cooled probe method.
Schematic representations of the sampling methods according to EN 1948-1 including the modifications for
long-term sampling are given in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3.
The sampling unit is spiked with C -labelled PCDFs/
...