EN 13445-6:2002/A2:2006

SLOVENSKI SIST EN 13445-
6:2002/oprA2:2005
PREDSTANDARD
marec 2005
Neogrevane tlačne posode - 6. del: Zahteve za konstruiranje in proizvodnjo
tlačnih posod in tlačnih delov posode iz sive litine s kroglastim grafitom
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design and fabrication of
pressure vessels and pressure parts constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
ICS 23.020.30 Referenčna številka
SIST EN 13445-6:2002/oprA2:2005(en)
©  Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
EN 13445-6:2002
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA2
January 2005
ICS
English version
Unfired pressure vessels - Part 6: Requirements for the design
and fabrication of pressure vessels and pressure parts
constructed from spheroidal graphite cast iron
Récipients sous pression non soumis à la flame - Partie 6 : Unbefeuerte Druckbehälter - Teil 6: Anforderungen an die
Exigences pour la conception et la fabrication des Konstruktion und Herstellung von Druckbehältern und
récipients sous pression et des parties sous pression Druckbehälterteilen aus Gusseisen mit Kugelgraphit
moulés en fonte à graphite sphéroïdal
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 54.
This draft amendment A2, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 13445-6:2002. If this draft becomes an amendment, CEN
members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for inclusion of this amendment
into the relevant national standard without any alteration.
This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made
by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status
as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms, definitions, unit and symbols .4
4 Service conditions.7
5 Requirements.8
6 Material testing.14
7 Testing and final assessment.16
8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials.20
9 Marking and documentation.20
Annex A (normative) Technical data for the design calculations.21
Annex B (informative) Ductility .23
Annex C (informative) Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and maximum
allowable working pressure.24
Annex D (normative) Assessment of fatigue life.26
Annex E (normative) Design by analysis for castings.35
Annex F (informative) Recommendations for in-service validation and inspection .37
Annex G (normative) Specific design requirements.39
Annex H (normative) Experimental fatigue testing methodology .41
Annex ZA (informative) Clauses of this European Standard addressing essential requirements or
other provisions of EU Directives.45
Bibliography .46

EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 54
“Unfired pressure vessels”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, B, C or D, which is an integral part of this
document.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
1 Scope
Replace the Scope with the following text:
This European Standard specifies requirements for the design, materials, manufacturing and testing of
pressure vessels and pressure vessel parts intended for use with a maximum allowable pressure, PS, equal
or less than 100 bar and shell wall thicknesses not exceeding 60 mm, which are constructed of ferritic or
austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron. The thickness limitation of the shell does not apply to the thickness of
flanges, reinforcements, bosses, etc.
NOTE1 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron grades are principally used for high and low temperature applications
and their corrosion resistance properties.
NOTE2 The allowable grades of spheroidal graphite cast iron are listed in Tables 3 and 4Service conditions are given
in clause 4.
NOTE3 The allowable grades do not include lamellar graphite cast iron grades, which are explicitly excluded from this
standard because of low elongation and brittle material behaviour, which requires the use of different safety factors and a
different approach.
2 Normative references
Insert the following Normative reference:
EN 13835, Founding-Austenitic cast irons
3 Terms, definitions, unit and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
Replace clause 3.1.1 with the following text:
3.1.1
critical zone
highly stressed area where a fracture is expected to occur in a burst test or where surface fatigue cracks are
expected to initiate due to fluctuating pressure loads.
NOTE 1 Critical zones may occur, for example, by any of the following:
— sudden change in cross section;
— sharp edges;
— sharp radii;
— peak stresses;
— bending stresses;
— stresses due to other than membrane stress;
— changes in curvature.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
NOTE 2 A critical zone is analysed by any appropriate method, e.g. holographic, interferometric, strain gauge methods,
burst test, fatigue testing, FEM analysis, etc.
NOTE 3 Additionally, thermal gradients and thermal stresses due to different operating wall temperatures are to be
considered in defining critical zones.

Add new clauses 3.1.8 and 3.1.9:
3.1.8
ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite
particles ) with a predominantly ferritic matrix.

3.1.9
austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
cast material, iron and carbon based (carbon being present mainly in the form of spheroidal graphite
particles ) with an austenitic matrix and alloyed with nickel and where appropriate, manganese, copper and/or
chromium.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
3.3 Symbols
Insert new Table 3.3-1:
Table 3.3-1 – Symbols
Symbol Quantity Unit
C corrosion allowance Mm
E required thickness Mm
e
a analysis thickness (without corrosion allowance) Mm
e minimum thickness including corrosion allowance as Mm
min
specified on drawing
F nominal design stress Mpa or N/mm²
P
d design pressure Mpa, N/mm
maximum allowable pressure bar, MPa, N/mm
PS, P
s
RM Material strength parameter N/mm² or MPa
γ Partial safety factor dimensionless
R
E Modulus of elasticity N/mm² or MPa
Poisson’s ratio dimensionless
ν
R minimum 0,2 % - proof strength at room temperature N/mm² or MPa
p0,2
V internal volume L
TS TS Minimum / maximum allowable temperature °C
min , max
t Calculation temperature °C
C wall thickness factor dimensionless
e
C temperature factor dimensionless
t
C testing factor dimensionless
Q
e actual thickness Mm
act
P Actual burst test pressure N/mm² or MPa
b,act
n factor depending on shape of shell dimensionless
P bursting test pressure N/mm² or MPa
b
R average tensile strength of 3 test bars taken from the N/mm² or MPa
m(3)
same lot
ε extra thickness due to casting process Mm
casting tolerance Mm
δ
SF Safety factor dimensionless
f Thickness correction factor dimensionless
e
f Mean stress correction factor dimensionless
m
f Surface finnish correction factor dimensionless
s
F Temperature correction factor dimensionless
t*
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
4 Service conditions
Replace the whole of clause 4 with the following text:
4.1 Cyclic loading
Spheroidal graphite cast iron pressure vessels and vessel parts can be used for non-cyclic or cyclic operation
if the stress concentration factor is limited to 3.
NOTE: A stress concentration factor (ratio of peak stress to fatigue stress) greater than 3, determined by any of the design
methods given in clause 5.2 can be the result of inappropriate design. By enlarging radii or other small changes, an
acceptable design may be generated.
If the service conditions require more than the maximum number of full pressure cycles according to Table
4.1-1, or more than an equivalent number of cycles with smaller amplitude, then a fatigue analysis shall be
performed according to Annex D.
Table 4.1-1 — Number of full pressure cycles for cyclic loading consideration
Maximum number of full pressure cycles without
Testing factor
mandatory fatigue analysis according to Annex D
C =0,9 1000
Q
Max. stress
concentration factor 3
C =0,8
Q
Max.stress concentration
200.000
factor 2,5
NOTE 1: A testing factor of 0,9 implies the application of higher nominal design stresses and consequently results in a
lower maximum number of full pressure cycles without mandatory fatigue analysis.
NOTE 2: If the calculated number of cycles is close to an above limit to determine the need for fatigue analysis, a worst-
case model shall be implemented for this determination.
For pressure cycles at a pressure difference ∆P less than the full pressure, the number of equivalent full
i
cycles is given by equation (4.1-1):
8,6
i=N
 
∆P
i
 
n = n . for ferritic and austenitic material grades (4.1-1)
∑ i
 
eq
P
i=1
max
 
where:
N is the total number of envisaged types of pressure cycles with different amplitude.
n is the number of cycles of amplitude ∆P
i
i
is the pressure cycle amplitude
∆P
i
is the maximum permissible pressure, as defined in paragraph 3.15 of EN 13445-3
P
max
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
4.2 Limitations on temperature and energy content
The minimum and maximum allowable temperature TS shall be in accordance with the limits given in Tables
5.1-1 and 5.1-2.
The product PSxV for a single casting shall not exceed 10. 000 MPa·l (100 000 bar·l).
5 Requirements
5.1 Materials
Replace clause 5.1 with the following text:
All spheroidal graphite cast iron grades subject to internal or external pressure shall comply with EN 1563 for
ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron and EN 13835 for austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron.
For all material grades, mechanical properties shall be guaranteed by the foundry at specified locations on the
castings.
The ferritic material grades are given in Table 5.1-1 and shall be used for applications where the minimum
°
allowable temperature is higher or equal to – 10 C.
The material grades listed in Table 5.1-2 are intended for low temperature or high temperature design
conditions.
Table 5.1-1 — Allowable material grades for usual design temperatures (-10°C up to 300 °C)
Material standard Material designation Design temperature limits
°C
Symbol Number
EN-GJS-350-22 EN-JS1010 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJS-350-22-RT EN-JS1014
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22 U EN-JS1032
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22U-RT EN-JS1029 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 1563
EN-GJS-400-18 EN-JS1020 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJS-400-18-RT EN-JS1024
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U EN-JS1062
-10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U-RT EN-JS1059 -10 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast - on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the material
grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or when the relevant wall
thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm.
The material grades listed in Table 3 and Table 4 may be produced in the as-cast or heat treated condition (See EN 1563 Clause 6 and
EN 13835 Clause 6).
.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Table 5.1-2 — Allowable material grades for low or high temperature design conditions
Material standard Material designation Design temperature limits
°C
Symbol   Number
EN-GJS-350-22-LT EN-JS1015 -40 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-350-22U-LT EN-JS1019
-40 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 1563
EN-GJS-400-18-LT EN-JS1025
-20 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT EN-JS1049 -20 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 EN-JS3021 -196 ≤ TS ≤ 300
EN 13835 EN-GJSA-XNi22 EN-JS3041
-40 ≤ TS ≤ 540
EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7 EN-JS3071
-40 ≤ TS ≤ 300
a
Mechanical properties verified on test pieces from cast - on samples. These grades should be chosen in preference to the material
grades with the separately cast samples when the unit mass of the casting is equal to or greater than 2 000 kg or when the relevant wall
thickness varies between 30 mm and 200 mm.
The material grades listed in Table 3 and Table 4 may be produced in the as-cast or heat treated condition (See EN 1563 Clause 6 and
EN 13835 Clause 6).
The material grades EN-GJS-350-22-LT or EN-GJS-350-22U-LT can be used for design temperatures down
°
to – 60 C, provided that impact testing at the minimum allowable temperature is carried out on specimens
representative of the production and the results meet the requirements given in EN 1563 for these grades.
°
The material grade EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 can be used for design temperatures down to – 254 C, provided
°
that impact testing at the minimum allowable temperature, but not lower than -196 C, is carried out on
specimens representative of the production and the results meets the requirements given in EN 13835 for this
grade.
The applicable requirements for the delivery conditions are given in EN 1559-1 and EN 1559-3 shall also
apply.
When materials specified in these tables are not available, other suitable materials may be used when the
technical documentation defining the characteristics of the materials has been accepted in accordance with
the requirements for European approval for materials (EAM) or particular material appraisal (PMA).
NOTE  The use of materials working in the creep domain is not applicable for this standard since stress domains are
limited to elastic behaviour.
5.2 Design
Replace clause 5.2.1 with the following text:
5.2.1 Technical documentation
The manufacturer shall document those items listed in clause 5 of EN 13445-5 prior to fabrication.
5.2.2 Design methods
Replace clause 5.2.2.1 with the following text:
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
5.2.2.1 General
The loadings to be accounted for shall be in accordance with EN 13445-3, clause 5.
Design methods shall be in accordance with this part of the standard and, when applicable, with the relevant
clauses of EN 13445-3.
If the geometry of all components or the loadings do not allow accurate calculation by the formulas given in
EN 13445-3 and Annex G of this standard, design by analysis (DBA) or design by experiment (DBE) shall be
applied.
The designer has a number of options to choose from; depending on the complexity of the pressure part, the
loading conditions and the level of non destructive testing the designer may choose one of the available
design methods mentioned below. Guidance is given on the correlation between safety factor, testing factor
and the method how to assess for dynamic loading.
5.2.2.1.1 Static loading
In order to design the part for static loading, the following options can be considered by the designer.
5.2.2.1.2 Design by formula (DBF)
Formulas for the calculation of the various components of the pressure part are given in EN 13445-3 and
Annex G of this standard. Annex G gives additional formulas for non-standard shaped parts often used in
casting designs.
5.2.2.1.3 Design by analysis (DBA)
The following applies:
1. Decide whether the direct route (limit load – EN 13445-3, Annex B) or the stress categorisation
method (EN 13445-3, Annex C) will be followed. Decide whether linear of non-linear approach will be
used.
2. Modelling and interpretation of calculation results shall be based on analysis thicknesses (e ) and
a
material characteristics at operation temperature.
3. Interpretation of calculation results following the evaluation procedures and assessment criteria in
order to evaluate the fitness for purpose of the real structure. These design checks and related
procedures are typical for the failure mode to be dealt with. For the different failure modes see
EN13445-3.
5.2.2.1.4 Design by experiment (DBE)
Where design by formulae according to EN 13445-3 is not considered reliable due to complex shape of the
component, then a hydraulic burst test to determine the analysis thickness e and the minimum thickness e
a min
shall be performed according to the procedure in clause 5.2.3. This test is also a part of the technical
documentation.
This design method may be used without additional calculations if the Pd.V < 600 MPa.l (6000 bar.liter).
If Pd.V > 600 MPa.l (6000 bar.liter).for the complete vessel, this method can be used in addition to DBA or
DBF.
The minimum required thickness at a specific location is given by :
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
1/ n
 SF ⋅ PS ⋅ R 
m(3)
 
e = e ⋅ (5.2-14)
a act
 
P ⋅ R ⋅ C ⋅ C ⋅ C
b,act p0,2 Q t e
 
e ≥ e + c (5.2-15)
min a
where
e is the minimum measured wall thickness at the specific location;
act.
R is in accordance with Annex A;
p0,2
P is the actual obtained value of burst pressure or the highest pressure during the test;
b,act
n = 1 for curved surfaces (cylinders, spheres) or cones with angles α ≤ 60°, stayed surfaces and
stressed parts if the bending stress is less than 2/3 of the total stress;
n = 2 for all other surfaces except those with bending stress is less than 2/3 of the total stress;
5.2.2.1.5 Experimental determination of the maximum allowable pressure for static loading
A random sample from the production of the vessel or vessel part shall be taken for the burst test or to
determine the maximum allowable working conditions. The procedure shall be as follows.
a) Verify that the part or vessel to be tested is cast according to the specified drawing and any revision
thereof. The material used shall be the same type and grade as for the production part;
b) Verify that the part or vessel is machined to the same dimensions as the production part;
c) Verify that the material properties meet the requirements of 5.1. For each casting used for the burst test,
3 test pieces for tensile testing, and, if applicable, for impact testing, shall be separately cast and tested.
The results and the calculated average tensile strength shall be certified in accordance with EN 10204:,
certificate type 3.1.B;
d) The wall thicknesses of the entire casting shall be measured (at least one measurement per 100mm x
100mm) The results shall be marked on the casting at the location of the measurement or on the drawing;
e) Verify that a calibrated pressure gauge is used; maximum tolerance shall conform to at least class 1 or
better according to EN 837-1 and EN 837-3;The scale of the pressure gauge shall be approximately 4/3
of the anticipated burst pressure;
f) The hydraulic pressure shall be increased in a controlled manner until the minimum required burst
pressure is obtained:
n
R
 e 
m(3)
act
P ≥ PS ⋅  
(5.2-13)
bact
 
f e − c
 min 
g) The pressure shall be increased further in a controlled manner until rupture occurs. Record burst
pressure, burst test date, material specification, details of material, part number, and wall thickness e
act
measured at the location of burst.
h) If a part fails to meet any of those requirements, a second identical production part may undergo the
same test procedure. If this second part meets the test requirements, this part may be acceptable after
investigation of the cause of failure of the first part. If the second part does not meet the test
requirements, the design of the part is concluded not to meet the specification;
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
i) During the burst test it is acceptable for leaks and lack of tightness to occur between flanged, gasketted
or bolted parts as long as the pressure P can be reached during test. It is acceptable for gasket(s) to
b
break during the burst test; their characteristics may be modified without unduly changing flange load
properties as long as their design meets the design rules of EN 13445-3: for the anticipated maximum
allowable pressure P ;
s
j) Only for the test, bolting of a higher grade than required by the design specification may be used.
k) When flanged connections are designed according to the requirements of EN 13445-3 with respect to
minimum required thickness, minimum required bolt area and shape, it is acceptable, in order to reach
burst test pressure, to install extra bolts in addition to the number specified for production;
l) The burst test or any hydraulic test shall not be performed by means of a clamped construction on a
hydraulic press that can counteract the shell bending stress resulting in no free movement of the wall
under pressure.
5.2.2.1.6 Dynamic loading
If the number of full pressure cycles or equivalent full pressure cycles according to formula 4.1.1 exceeds the
number of full pressure cycles for static loading considered in Table 4.4-1, a fatigue assessment of the
complete design is required. In order to design the part for dynamic loading, the following options can be
considered by the designer.
5.2.2.1.7 Simplified fatigue assessment (SFA)
A simplified fatigue assessment returns a value of maximum allowable number of equivalent pressure
fluctuations in service conditions. The assessment shall be performed according to Annex D.
A maximum stress concentration factor of 3 is pre-supposed.

5.2.2.1.8 Detailed fatigue assessment (DFA)
A detailed fatigue assessment returns a value of maximum allowable number of equivalent pressure
fluctuations using detailed stress analysis in service conditions. The assessment shall be performed according
to Annex D.
5.2.2.1.9 Experimental fatigue assessment (EFA)
This method, as described in Annex H shall be used if a theoretical stress analysis is inadequate or for which
the design analysis shows abnormal low fatigue life values indicating a too conservative approach by theory.
An evaluation of a part by experimental fatigue design is not required when a similar part underwent already
such a fatigue assessment and the data are available and transposable into the new design.
Cyclic loading shall be in accordance with EN 13445-3, clause 5.3.
This method does not take into account excessive wall thickness of the material, linings and all material, which
do not contribute to the strength.
NOTE For vessels for which P . V ≥ 600 MPa·L this experimental method may be used in addition to detailed fatigue
d
design.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Table 5.2.2-1 — Determination of safety factor, testing factor and design method
Non destructive Safety factor SF Testing factor C Design method Design assessment
Q
testing
Static loading dynamic loading
SFA
Not required 3,0 0,8
DFA
DBF
EFA
DBA
a
(SFA)
DBE
Required 2,0 0,9
DFA
EFA
a
not recommended where:
DBF= design by formula
DBA=design by analysis
DBE=design by experiment
SFA=simplified fatigue analysis
DFA=detailed fatigue analysis
EFA=experimental fatigue analysis

5.2.2.2 Design conditions
Add a new first sentence and replace equation 5.2-1 with the following text:
The design stress for ferritic and for austenitic grades shall be calculated as follows:
R ⋅ C .C ⋅ C
p0,2 t Q e
(5.2.1)
f =
SF
Replace equations 5.2-3 to 5.2-7 inclusive with the following text:
The temperature reduction factor C is:
t
for ferritic grades
C = 1                              for t ≤ 20 °C (5.2-3)
t
C = 1− 0,001(t − 20) for 20 < t ≤ 200 °C (5.2-4)
t
C = 0,82 for 200 < t ≤ 300 °C (5.2-5)
t
for austenitic grades
C = 1               for t ≤ 20 °C (5.2-6)
t
C = 1− 0,0005(t − 20)               for 20 < t ≤ 540 °C (5.2-7)
t
Delete the NOTE at the end of Clause 5.2.2.2:
Delete Clause 5.2.4 and add a new Clause 5.2.2.6 with the following text:
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
5.2.2.6 Fillet radius
The largest possible fillet radius shall be used for walls under internal or external pressure in accordance with
good foundry practice (fabrication tolerances are to be taken into account). Good foundry practice makes it
sometimes necessary to increase wall thickness and to choose a corresponding fillet radius. Parts cast
according to this standard have, because of these reasons, enhanced fatigue properties. However it is
important to verify that local stresses never exceed the maximum permissible values, especially at changes in
section thickness or radii.
If it is not possible to avoid sudden changes in cross-section area, and the pressure bearing wall is subject to
cyclic loading, a taper of maximum ratio 1:3 from the thin wall to the thick wall shall be included.
All radii applied to a vessel part, including external cast lugs, support feet, etc. shall be greater than or equal
to 1,5 times the thickness of the thinnest adjacent wall.
If, for any reason, a smaller radius is applied (as cast or after machining), the design verification shall be made
by DBA.
5.3 Founding
Replace clause 5.3.2 with the following text:
5.3.2 Welding
No production or repair welding shall be carried out on spheroidal graphite cast iron parts both in ferritic or
austenitic grades, which are manufactured according to this standard.

Rename clause 6 and replace it with the following text:
6 Material testing
6.1 General
All material tests as required by EN 1563 or EN 13835, shall be performed.
6.2 Frequency and number of tests
For each batch the amount of testing shall be, on each ladle treated for spheroidization or each heat treatment
batch:
— chemical analysis:
— one tensile test;
— one hardness test;
— impact testing, when required by material specification (consisting of 3 test pieces).
If the spheroidizing treatment is carried out in the mould, the same amount of testing for each 2 500 kg cast
weight of identical parts produced during the same day shall be carried out.
The amount of impact testing can be reduced to 1 test on the ladle with the highest silicon content per day, for
in series production, using RT grades according to Table 5.1-1.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
The, separately cast or cast–on test pieces shall be chosen according to EN 1563 or EN 13835. The test
sample size shall represent the wall thickness of the part (see EN 1563 or EN 13835 for size determination).
NOTE Cast-on test pieces are representative of the castings to which they are attached and their size depends on
the relevant wall thickness of the casting.
6.3 Chemical analysis
The methods used to determine the chemical composition of the material shall be in accordance with
recognised standards.
For ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron the following elements shall be analysed: C, Si, Mn, P, S, and Mg.
For austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron the following elements shall be analysed: C, Si, Mn, P, S, Mg, Cu,
and Ni.
6.4 Graphite structure
Graphite morphology of the material shall comply with form VI and V in accordance with EN ISO 945. The
verification of nodularity shall preferably be carried out either by microscopic examination or by an ultrasonic
method. Both visual or computerised and/or automated methods are allowed.
When the ultrasonic method is used, the ultrasonic velocity shall be a minimum of 5 460 m/s using a
calibrated measuring device. If the velocity is less than 5 460 m/s, the nodularity may still be verified and
approved using the microscopic method on the worst test specimen. If the spheroidization is found
acceptable, the material is approved. When ultrasonic examination is used, the verification shall be carried out
on the last cast metal of each ladle.
6.5 Inspection documents
Inspection documents shall be in accordance with EN 764-5, Clause 4.3.3.

EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Replace the whole of clause 7 with the following text:
7 Testing and final assessment
7.1 Testing
7.1.1 General
Testing of cast vessels and vessel parts, manufactured according to this part, shall be in accordance with
Table 7.1-1 and Table 7.1-2.
Table 7.1-1 — Summary of testing requirements
Testing factor Magnetic Ultra sonic Sectioning Visual Wall
particle testing/ inspection thickness
C
Q
inspection radiographic measure-
testing ment
Initial sample 0,8 - + + + +
0,9 + + + + +
0-serie:pre- 0,8 - + (10%) - + +
production
0,9 + + + (1 part) + +
Serial production 0,8 - - - + +
0,9 + - - + +
Note: + = Required, - = Not required

7.1.2 Testing requirements for C = 0,8
Q
Testing shall be carried out in accordance with the requirements and adopting the acceptance criteria given in
Table 7.1-2.
Testing requirements for C = 0,9
Q
— At non critical zones: testing same as for C = 0,8 as given in 7.1.2;
Q
— At critical zones: all castings shall be subjected to a magnetic particle inspection of all critical zones as
indicated on the drawing, without revealing any unacceptable imperfection.
The last casting representing a batch of castings made from the same ladle or during the same day shall be
b
subjected to a radiographic examination or equivalent (see footnote in Table 7.1-2) of a zone indicated on
the drawing, without revealing any unacceptable imperfections.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Table 7.1-2 — Testing according testing factor
Testing factor
C = 0,8 C = 0,9
Q Q
Location Non critical zone Critical zone
Surface imperfections
Requirement See 7.1.4
Cracks, laps, cold shot and non-fused chaplets are not permitted. See 7.1.5
Testing method Visual
Testing frequency 100%
Imperfections close to the surface
Requirement       No requirement No requirement See 7.1.7
Testing method Not applicable. Not applicable. Magnetic particle testing
for ferritic grades.
Dye penetrant testing for
austenitic grades.
Testing frequency Not applicable. Not applicable. 100%
Internal imperfections   (micro and macro porosity)
Requirement See 7.1.6 See 7.1.6 See 7.1.9
(EN 12680-3, severity (EN 12680-3, severity level
level 3) 3)
b
Testing method Ultrasonic testing/ Ultrasonic testing/ Radiographic testing
sectioning sectioning
Testing frequency Initial samples Initial samples Initial samples
Random sampling Random sampling Last casting of each
a a
production series production series batch
a
According to agreement between the parties concerned.
b
Ultrasonic testing of castings may substitute radiographic testing following an agreement between
the parties concerned.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
7.1.3 Surface imperfections
Sand inclusions, slag inclusions and blowholes shall be limited as follows.
C = 0,8 and C =0,9 non critical zone:
Q Q
A maximum of five imperfections in a square 100 mm x 100 mm facing inwards or outwards shall be accepted.
None of these shall cover an area larger than 100 mm² and the total area of the imperfections shall not
exceed 200 mm².
The maximum permissible depth of an imperfection is such that the minimum wall thickness is maintained.
Grinding of such surface imperfections is permitted down to the minimum wall thickness indicated on the
drawing.
C = 0,9 critical zone
Q
No imperfections are permitted within the critical zone. Grinding of surface imperfections is permitted down to
the minimum dimensions as indicated on the drawing, provided no stress concentration occurs.
7.1.4 Cracks, laps, cold shot and non-fused chaplets
No visible cracks, laps, cold shot or non-fused chaplets are permitted.
In case of doubt about the severity of the imperfection, liquid penetrant inspection according to EN 1371-1 can
be necessary.
7.1.5 Ultrasonic testing and/or sectioning
The ultrasonic testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12680-3.
If ultrasonic testing is not feasible, sectioning shall be carried out to visually detect internal imperfections.
Imperfections shall not be permitted on the main pressure bearing part (casting section with minimum required
wall thickness specified on the drawing). However, micro shrinkage (centreline porosity) is permitted provided
that all mechanical properties in the material standard are fulfilled.
NOTE Micro shrinkage is defined as cavity smaller than 0,5 mm.
On other parts of the casting imperfections which are centrally located and not covering an area of 300 mm²
shall be permitted, provided the minimum distance of the imperfection from the surface is a minimum of 1/3 of
the wall thickness or at least 3 mm. Imperfections are not permitted around drilled holes, or where holes are to
be drilled, within an area with a diameter of two times the diameter and concentric with the hole. Only micro
shrinkage on the centreline is accepted provided that the required mechanical characteristics of the material
standard are fulfilled.
7.1.6 Magnetic particle testing (only for ferritic grades)
The testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1369. The maximum severity level shall be equal to or
better than SM 3 in Table 2 of EN 1369and LM4/AM4 in Table 4 of EN 1369.
7.1.7 Penetrant testing
The testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 1371-1. The maximum severity level shall be equal to
or better than SP 02/CP 02 in Table 2 of EN 1371-1:1997 and LP 2/AP 2 in Table 3 of EN 1371-1.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
7.1.8 Radiographic testing
The testing shall be carried out in accordance with EN 12681 on a film size at least 100 mm x 240 mm.
The following is not permitted at any size:
— mottling, inserts, cracks, hot tears;
— porosity > Type A Grade 5;
— sand inclusions > Type B Grade 5;
— shrinkage > Type C Grade 5.
7.1.9 Surface roughness
Casting roughness or surface finish shall be approved by the purchaser on a sample casting. Production
castings shall have a surface roughness comparable to the approved sample.
The casting surface roughness shall, when required, be tested and specified according to EN 1370 using
visual tactile comparators, or as specified by the manufacturer.
7.1.10 Minimum wall thickness
Castings shall be measured on specified locations in order to verify that the required minimum wall thickness
has been reached.
Results shall be recorded in an appendix to the material certificate.
The measurement shall be made by ultrasonic or any mechanical measuring devices with an accuracy in
accordance with indicated design tolerances.
7.1.11 Wall thickness tolerances
The casting manufacturer shall determine, test and inspect on a regular basis the wall thickness tolerance.
The wall thickness tolerance shall be given in accordance with ISO 8062
The casting tolerance grade to be applied depends on the casting process. The casting manufacturer shall
prove its capability to meet the agreed tolerances.
7.1.12 Other dimensions
A full dimensional examination shall be made on the initial samples.
During series production, relevant dimensions shall be inspected on a regular basis to guarantee conformity to
the drawing.
7.1.13 Qualification of testing personnel
The personnel carrying out testing shall be qualified as indicated in EN 13445-5.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
7.2 Final assessment
7.2.1 General
Final assessment shall be carried out according to EN 13445-5, Clause 10, except for the standard hydraulic
test pressure.
7.2.2 Hydraulic test pressure
All pressure bearing spheroidal graphite cast iron parts shall be hydraulically tested with a test pressure,
corrected for temperature, greater or equal to;
1,43⋅ P
d
P = (7.2-1)
t
C ⋅ C
t Q
When the assembly consists of spheroidal graphite cast iron parts designed with different testing factors, the
highest test pressure shall be applied. It shall be checked that at the hydraulic test pressure no part exceeds
the allowable stress specified for that part, as defined in Clause 5.2.2.4.
8 Pressure vessels constructed of a combination of parts in different materials
Replace the first paragraph of clause 8 with the following text:
When spheroidal graphite cast iron parts are linked by non-permanent joining with other metallic parts
fabricated by welding, forging, etc. to form a pressure vessel, the components made according to different
fabrication techniques shall satisfy design, inspection, test requirements of the relevant clauses of EN13445-5.
9 Marking and documentation
Replace the third item of the list in clause 9.1 with the following text:
9.1 Marking of castings
— material grade according to EN 1563:1997 or EN 13835;

EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Technical data for the design calculations
Replace the whole of Annex A with the following text:
A.1 Purpose
This annex gives for the allowable standard material grades of ferritic and austenitic spheroidal graphite cast
iron for pressure vessels and vessel parts the corresponding relevant technical data, which shall be used for
design calculations. The material designation and corresponding requirements are in conformity with EN 1563
or EN 13835
If other materials according to clause 5.1, last sentence, are used , then the technical data used for calculation
shall be taken from the applicable European Approval for Materials (EAM) or Particular Material Appraisal
(PMA).
A.2 Technical data
A.2.1 Ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to EN 1563
Table A.2.1-1 Technical data of ferritic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to EN 1563

Material designation 0,2% Proof Modulus of Poisson’s Density
strength elasticity
ratio
R E
p0,2
ν
2 2 3
Symbol Number N/mm kN/mm kg/dm
EN-GJS-350-22 EN-JS1010
EN-GJS-350-22-RT EN-JS1014
EN-GJS-350-22-LT EN-JS1015
EN-GJS-350-22U EN-JS1032
EN-GJS-350-22U-RT EN-JS1029
EN-GJS-350-22U-LT EN-JS1019
EN-GJS-400-18 EN-JS1020
169 0,275 7,1
EN-GJS-400-18-RT EN-JS1024
EN-GJS-400-18-LT EN-JS1025 240
EN-GJS-400-18U EN-JS1062
EN-GJS-400-18U-RT EN-JS1059
EN-GJS-400-18U-LT EN-JS1049 240

EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Table A.2.1-2  Effect of design temperature on modulus of elasticity of ferritic spheroidal graphite

cast iron
o
Design temperature ( C) 20 100 150 200 250 300
Modulus of elasticity E(kN/mm ) 169 167 165 163 161 159
0,2750 0,2780 0,2795 0,2810 0,2825 0,2840
Poisson’s ratio ν
A.2.2 Austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron according to EN 13835
Table A.2.2-1  Technical data of austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron
Material designation 0,2% Proof Modulus of Poisson’s Density
strength elasticity ratio
R E
ν
p0,2
2 2 3
Symbol Number N/mm kN/mm kg/dm
EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 EN-JS3021 210 130 0,17 7,45
EN-GJSA-XNi22 EN-JS3041 170 100 0,17 7,40
EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7 EN-JS3071 210 145 0,17 7,30

Table A.2.2-2  Effect of design temperature on modulus of elasticity of austenitic spheroidal graphite
cast iron
Design temperature Modulus of elasticity
o 2
( C) E (kN/mm )
EN-GJSA-XNiMn23-4 EN-GJSA-XNi22 EN-GJSA-XNiMn13-7
20 130 100 145
100 128 98 143
150 127 97 141
200 125 96 140
250 124 95 138
300 123 94 137
350 NA 93 NA
400 NA 92 NA
450 NA 91 NA
500 NA 90 NA
540 NA 89 NA
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Annex B
(informative)
Ductility
Replace the first paragraph of Annex B with the following text:
The use of a ductile material such as ferritic or austenitic spheroidal graphite cast iron for applications
involving tensile loads requires load-related evaluation of the strength and toughness characteristics in
relationship to the operating temperature and the rate of loading with the aim of ensuring safety against brittle
fracture under all operating conditions.
EN 13445-6:2002/prA2:2005 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Determination of the minimum local wall thickness and maximum
allowable working pressure
Replace Annex C with the following text:
Equations used:
1/ n
 SF.PS ⋅ Rm3 
e = eact ⋅ (C.1)
 
a
Pbact ⋅ Rp0,2 ⋅CQ ⋅Ct ⋅Ce
 
≥
e  e + c (C.2)
min a
R
p0,2 / 20
=  (C.3)
R C
p0,2 / t t
C =1 − 0,001(t − 20 ) (C.4)
t c
n
f  e − c
min
PS ≤ P  
(C.5)
bact
 
R e
m (3) act 
Table C-1
Design data Calculated data Measured data
P = 13 MPa
Pd = 0,8 Mpa PS=1,30 MPa
bact
Max. working pressure = design pressure  Max. operating pressure
Actual burst pressure
e = 7 mm e = 3,69 mm e = 8 mm
min
a act
minimum thickness on drawing
analysis thickness
c = 1 mm f =60 MPa   nominal design stress
t = 120°C C = 0,9
c t
SF
...