prEN 13000

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2026
Žerjavi - Mobilni žerjavi
Cranes - Mobile cranes
Krane - Fahrzeugkrane
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues mobiles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 13000
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2025
ICS 53.020.20 Will supersede EN 13000:2010+A1:2014
English Version
Cranes - Mobile cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Grues Krane - Fahrzeugkrane
mobiles
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 13000:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 13
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 15
4.1 Structures and components . 15
4.2 Equipment and devices . 22
4.3 Visibility . 45
4.4 Noise and noise reduction . 46
4.5 Fire protection and first aid box . 46
4.6 Requirements for transport and travel . 47
4.7 Roll over and tip over protection . 47
5 Verification . 47
5.1 Methods of verification . 47
5.2 Test procedures and conditions . 50
5.3 Verification based on noise emission values . 51
6 Instructions . 51
6.1 Format of instructions . 51
6.2 Instructions . 52
6.3 Instructions for assembly, erection, disassembly and transport . 55
6.4 Instructions for maintenance and inspection . 55
6.5 Instructions for training . 58
6.6 Instructions for spare parts . 59
6.7 Instructions for disposal . 59
7 Marking . 59
7.1 Machine plate . 59
7.2 Information and warning . 59
7.3 Marking fire extinguisher and first aid box . 59
7.4 Graphic symbols . 59
7.5 Marking of crane parts . 59
7.6 Marking of outriggers . 60
7.7 Marking event recorder. 60
Annex A (informative) Types of mobile cranes and mobile cranes mounted on other types
of carriers . 61
A.1 Types of mobile cranes . 61
A.2 Mobile cranes mounted on other type of carriers . 64
Annex B (informative) Major parts. 65
B.1 Major parts of telescopic cranes . 65
B.2 Major parts of lattice boom cranes . 68
Annex C (normative) List of hazards . 70
Annex D (normative) Visibility . 77
Annex E (normative) Crane operator’s seat dimensions . 78
E.1 General . 78
E.2 Dimensions of crane operator’s seat . 78
E.3 Other dimensions or adjustments . 78
Annex F (normative) Noise test code . 80
F.1 Measurement . 80
F.2 Test report . 85
Annex G (informative) Slew angle related capacities . 88
Annex H (normative) Proof of competence . 89
H.1 General . 89
H.2 Proof of competence for steel structures . 89
H.3 Proof of competence for non-steel structures. 90
H.4 Proof of competence for load bearing components . 90
H.5 Proof of competence of stability against tipping of the crane . 91
H.6 Proof of competence – experimental . 91
Annex I (normative) Test of steering systems for off-road mobile cranes . 92
I.1 Test conditions . 92
I.2 Test procedure . 92
I.3 Permitted steering control effort . 92
Annex J (informative) Wind speed as a function of elevation . 93
Annex K (informative) Impact pressure as a function of elevation . 94
Annex L (normative) Simplified method to determine the maximum allowed wind speed . 95
Annex M (informative) Typical shapes and corresponding air-drag coefficient, c . 97
w
Annex N (normative) Efficiency of sheave sets . 98
Annex O (informative) Test procedures: Selection of load cases . 99
Annex P (normative) Test certificate . 100
Annex Q (normative) Load assumption for elements of access and egress . 101
Annex R (normative) Access: Compliance with EN 13586:2020. 102
R.1 General . 102
R.2 Compliance with EN 13586:2020 for general access . 102
R.3 Compliance with EN 13586:2020 for maintenance, inspection, erection and
dismantling . 105
Annex S (informative) Information related to changes in comparison to former version . 107
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 110
Annex ZB (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered . 114
Bibliography . 119
European foreword
This document (prEN 13000:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 13000:2010+A1:2014.
This standard applies to mobile cranes which are put on the market 12 months after the date of
publication in the official journal.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA and Annex ZB, which are integral
parts of this document.
CEN/TC 147 WG 11 has completely reviewed EN 13000:2010+A1:2014 to adapt the standard to the
technical progress, to new requirements and to changes in standards referenced; the main changes of
this new edition prEN 13000:2025 are listed in Annex S.
Introduction
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the
market players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or type B
standards, the requirements of this type C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This document applies to the following types of cranes:
1. mobile cranes, with the following characteristics:
— self-powered crane mounted on a chassis, equipped with a boom, which may be fitted on a
mast (tower), and capable of travelling laden or unladen, without the need for fixed runways
and which relies on gravity for stability, the chassis of the crane not having any capability to
carry goods other than crane parts or equipment whilst travelling on public roads;
— mobile cranes can operate on tyres or crawlers. In fixed positions, they can be supported by
outriggers or other accessories increasing their stability;
— the superstructure of mobile cranes can be of the type of full circle slewing, limited slewing or
non-slewing. It is normally equipped with one or more hoists and/or hydraulic cylinders for
lifting and lowering the boom and the load;
— mobile cranes can be equipped either with telescopic booms, with articulated booms, with
lattice booms – or a combination of these – of such a design that they can readily be lowered;
— loads can be handled by hook block assemblies or other load-lifting attachments for special
services.
2. mobile harbour cranes, with the following characteristics:
— mobile crane without on-road approval;
— the main purpose of the mobile harbour crane is cargo-, bulk-handling with a moderate to very
heavy number of load cycles in accordance with ISO 4301-2:2020 or heavy lift operation.
3. off-road mobile cranes
— mobile crane which travels on site.
EXAMPLES Rough terrain crane, crawler crane.
4. on-road mobile cranes
— mobile crane which has the necessary equipment to travel on public roads and on the job site.
EXAMPLES All terrain crane, truck crane.
NOTE 1 The term “boom” used in this standard is referred to as “jib” in the Outdoor Noise Directive see
Bibliography [1].
NOTE 2 Examples for typical mobile cranes are shown in Annex A.
This document is applicable to the design, installation of safety devices, information for use,
maintenance and testing of mobile cranes.
This document is applicable for mobile cranes mounted on other types of carriers (e.g. railcars, skidding
systems, portals on rails, rubber tyred portals), but does not cover the additional hazards related to the
mounting of mobile cranes on these types of carriers.
Types of mobile crane types and their major components are given in Clauses A.1, A.2, B.1 and B.2.
This document, unless explicitly referred, is not applicable to:
5. loader cranes (see EN 12999);
6. off-shore cranes (see EN 13852-1);
7. floating cranes (see EN 13852-2);
8. slewing jib cranes (see EN 14985);
9. variable reach trucks (see the EN 1459 series of standards);
10. to cranes, installed on an agricultural tractor, intended to tow a trailer which has capability to carry
goods;
11. mobile self-erecting tower cranes (see EN 14439);
12. earth-moving machinery (see the EN 474 series of standards);
13. drilling and foundation equipment (see the EN 16228 series of standards).
This document does not cover hazards related to:
— the lifting of persons.
NOTE 3 The use of mobile cranes for the lifting of persons is subject to specific national regulations.
— the working in the vicinity of live overhead powerlines, see also ICSA N007 Guidance – Safe Crane
Operation in the Vicinity of Power Lines. International Crane Stakeholder Assembly (see
Bibliography [19]).
— the combination of a mobile crane with other machinery.
— the use of the mobile crane in potentially explosive atmosphere.
— duty cycle operation such as grab, magnet, piling or similar operation, is outside the scope of this
document.
The hazards covered by this document are identified by Annex C.
This document is not applicable to mobile cranes which are manufactured before the date of publication
of this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 2:1992, Classification of fires
EN 131-1:2015+A2:2025, Ladders — Part 1: Terms, types, functional sizes
EN 131-2:2010+A3:2025, Ladders — Part 2: Requirements, testing, marking

As impacted by EN 2:1992/A1:2004.
EN 131-3:2018+A1:2025, Ladders — Part 3: Marking and user instructions
EN 131-4:2020+A1:2025, Ladders — Part 4: Single or multiple hinge-joint ladders
EN 547-1:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 1: Principles for
determining the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery
EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and
general principles
EN 842:1996+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Visual danger signals — General requirements, design and
testing
EN 853:2015, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Wire braid reinforced hydraulic type — Specification
EN 854:2015, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Textile reinforced hydraulic type — Specification
EN 856:2015+AC:2019, Rubber hoses and hose assemblies — Rubber-covered spiral wire reinforced
hydraulic type — Specification
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 3: Control actuators
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 1993-1-1:2022, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-1: General rules and rules for
buildings
EN 1993-1-5:2024, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-5: Plated structural elements
EN 1993-1-6:2025, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-6: Strength and stability of shell
structures
EN 1993-1-8:2024, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — Part 1-8: Joints
EN 10025-2:2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-
alloy structural steels
EN 10025-3:2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 3: Technical delivery conditions for
normalized/normalized rolled weldable fine grain structural steels
EN 10025-6:2019+A1:2022, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 6: Technical delivery
conditions for flat products of high yield strength structural steels in the quenched and tempered condition
EN 10149-2:2013, Hot rolled flat products made of high yield strength steels for cold forming — Part 2:
Technical delivery conditions for thermomechanically rolled steels
EN 12644-1:2001+A1:2008, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions
EN 13001-1:2015, Cranes — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-3-1:2025, Cranes — General design — Part 3-1: Limit states and proof competence of steel
structure
EN 13557:2024, Cranes — Control devices and control stations
EN 13586:2020, Cranes — Access
EN 14502-2:2005+A1:2008, Cranes — Equipment for the lifting of persons — Part 2: Elevating control
stations
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines (IEC 60204-32:2008)
EN IEC 61000-6-2:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-2: Generic standards —
Immunity standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:2016)
EN IEC 61000-6-4:2019, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) — Part 6-4: Generic standards — Emission
standard for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-4:2018)
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)
EN 61310-2:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 2: Requirements for
marking (IEC 61310-2:2007)
Safety of machinery — Requirements for cableless control systems of machinery
EN 62745:2017,
EN ISO 3411:2007, Earth-moving machinery — Physical dimensions of operators and minimum operator
space envelope (ISO 3411:2007)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 5349-1:2001, Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-
transmitted vibration — Part 1: General requirements (ISO 5349-1:2001)
EN ISO 5349-2:2001, Mechanical vibration — Measurement and evaluation of human exposure to hand-
transmitted vibration — Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the workplace
(ISO 5349-2:2001 +A1:2015)
As impacted by EN 62745:2017/A11:2020.
As impacted by EN ISO 5349-2:2001+A1:2015.
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry —
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6385:2016, Ergonomics principles in the design of work systems (ISO 6385:2016)
EN ISO 6683:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance
requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2005)
EN ISO 7010:2020, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
EN ISO 7096:2020, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
(ISO 7096:2020)
EN ISO 7250-1:2017, Basic human body measurements for technological design — Part 1: Body
measurement definitions and landmarks (ISO 7250-1:2017, Corrected version 2025-04)
EN ISO 7731:2008, Ergonomics — Danger signals for public and work areas — Auditory danger signals
(ISO 7731:2003)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field
over a reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13732-3:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 3: Cold surfaces (ISO 13732-3:2005)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
(ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)

As impacted by EN ISO 7010:2020/A1:2020, EN ISO 7010:2020/A2:2022, EN ISO 7010:2020/A3:2022,
EN ISO 7010:2020/A4:2023, EN ISO 7010:2020/A5:2023, EN ISO 7010:2020/A6:2023,
EN ISO 7010:2020/A7:2024, EN ISO 7010:2020/A8:2024.
EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and
construction of fixed and movable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
EN ISO 14123-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Reduction of risks to health resulting from hazardous
substances emitted by machinery — Part 1: Principles and specifications for machinery manufacturers
(ISO 14123-1:2015)
ISO 2631-1:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body
vibration — Part 1: General requirements
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination
of burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 3864-1:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for
safety signs and safety markings
ISO 4301-1:2016, Cranes — Classification — Part 1: General
ISO 4301-2:2020, Cranes — Classification — Part 2: Mobile cranes
ISO 4305:2014, Mobile cranes — Determination of stability
ISO 4310:2009, Cranes — Test code and procedures
ISO 7000:2019, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 7296-1:1991, Cranes — Graphic symbols — Part 1: General; 1
ISO 7296-2:2020, Cranes — Graphical symbols — Part 2: Mobile cranes
ISO 7752-2:2011, Cranes — Control layout and characteristics — Part 2: Basic arrangement and
requirements for mobile cranes
ISO 8566-2:2016, Cranes — Cabins and control stations — Part 2: Mobile cranes
ISO 8686-2:2018, Cranes — Design principles for loads and load combinations — Part 2: Mobile cranes
ISO 10245-2:2014, Cranes — Limiting and indicating devices — Part 2: Mobile cranes
ISO 11660-2:2015, Cranes — Access, guards and restraints — Part 2: Mobile cranes
ISO 11662-1:1995, Mobile cranes — Experimental determination of crane performance — Part 1: Tipping
loads and radii
ISO 11662-2:2014, Mobile cranes — Experimental determination of crane performance — Part 2:
Structural competence under static loading
ISO 12480-1:2024, Cranes — Safe use — Part 1: General

As impacted by ISO 2631-1:1997/A1:2010.
As impacted by ISO 4305:2014/A1:2016.
As impacted by ISO 7296-1:1991/A1:1996-12.
As impacted by ISO 10245-2:2014/A1:2015-07.
ISO 13200:1995, Cranes — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 16625:2025, Cranes and hoists — Selection of wire ropes, drums and sheaves
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
configuration
combination of structural members, counterweight(s), support or outrigger position, hook block
reeving and similar items assembled, positioned and erected according to manufacturer’s instructions
and ready for operation
Note 1 to entry: The selection of the configuration is either done manually or automatically.
3.2
control position
arrangement of controls on or off the crane
3.3
crane operator cabin
control position with protective enclosure provided for the operation of the crane motions to move the
load
3.4
crane driver cabin
control position with protective enclosure provided for driving the crane on public roads
3.5
hoisting limiter
device either to prevent the fixed load lifting attachment from being raised such that it strikes the crane
structure, or to prevent any other specified upper limitation of the load lifting attachment from being
exceeded
3.6
indicator
device which provides the crane operator with audible and/or visual data for competent control of the
crane within its operating parameters
3.7
load bearing component
single part or assembly of parts of a crane, which are directly subjected to load effects
EXAMPLES Hooks, ropes (stationary or running), pendant bars, wheels, axles, gears, couplings, brakes, hoists,
hydraulic cylinders, shafts and pins.
3.8
lowering limiter
device to ensure that the specified minimum number of turns of rope on the hoist drum is maintained at
all times during operation
3.9
out-of-service
condition if the crane is fully or partially erected, or in a permitted parking position according to the
instruction manual and the crane is not working (no movements, engine(s) are not running) and there
is no load suspended by the crane (except hook block(s) and hoist rope(s))
3.10
performance limiter
device which automatically prevents a design performance characteristic from being exceeded
3.11
rated capacity
maximum permitted load specified by the manufacturer for a specific crane set-up and configuration
3.12
rated capacity indicator
device which gives, within specified tolerance limits, at least a continuous indication that the rated
capacity is exceeded, and another continuous indication of the approach to the rated capacity
3.13
rated capacity limiter
device that automatically prevents the crane from handling loads in excess of its rated capacity, taking
into account the dynamic effects during normal operational use
3.14
slew angle
orientation of the super structure in relation to the carrier
3.15
swing-away/folding jib
boom extension that is stowed alongside the boom for transport and/or when not in use
Note 1 to entry: See 4.2.15 and Figure B.2.
3.16
working load
suspended load plus mass (weight) of hook and block
3.17
working load factor
dynamic load factor as specified in ISO 8686-2:2018
4 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
4.1 Structures and components
4.1.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In
addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for hazards
relevant but not significant, which are dealt with by this document (e.g. sharp edges).
Mechanical hazards can arise when loads acting on a crane exceed limiting conditions. Such an overload
can cause the entire crane and/or its components to lose stability (elastic or rigid body) as well as cause
the supporting structure and/or components to be subjected to failure.
In order to prevent this potential danger, verification shall be provided for the extreme values of load
effects based on all forces which act simultaneously on the crane to ensure that the corresponding
loading limits are not exceeded.
This document defines loads and load combinations as well as specific values of factors and coefficients
to be applied to mobile cranes.
All effects that can endanger the mechanical structure, shall be taken into account, e.g.:
— creeping;
— structural and geometrical imperfection;
— elastic instability;
— significant displacements;
— fatigue or wear (including discard of ropes);
— uncontrolled motions;
— temperature.
The minimum ambient temperature range to be considered for structures and components shall be
[−20 °C to +40 °C] during crane use.
It is assumed that the crane is operated on a firm and level surface. The gradient of the surface (slewing
plane) taken into account in the calculation shall be stated in the manual. A minimum gradient of the
surface (slewing plane) of 0,5 % (0,3 °) shall be taken into account for cranes on crawlers and free on
tyres to calculate the structure and stability against tipping.
Cranes on outriggers can be assumed as levelled horizontally.
Additionally, the geometrical imperfections for determination of stability against tipping shall be
considered.
The procedure for the design and calculations is described in this clause. The procedure consists of
identifying load effects (see 4.1.2), determining the limit states (see 4.1.3) and the proof of competence
(see Annex H). Alternatively, advanced and recognized theoretical methods (e.g. elastic-kinetic analysis
to simulate load effects) or experimental methods (e.g. measurement of load effects or tests for
determining limit states or strain gauge testing) may be used. These methods shall provide at least the
same level of safety.
4.1.2 Load effects
4.1.2.1 General
All loads which act on the crane or its supporting sections including dead weights, additional loads (e.g.
wind loads or other ambient influences), test loads and special loads during erection or dismantling (of
boom/jib systems) shall not cause damage, such as fracturing, permanent deformations or
unintentional displacements.
For mobile cranes the mass (weight) of the hook block shall be considered a part of the load.
Load effects shall be determined based on an elastostatic/rigid body kinetic model of the crane and load
models. Loads acting on the crane at the same time shall be combined as given in ISO 8686-2:2018,
Annex B, which provides load combinations relevant for mobile cranes, based on the limit states
method and the concepts of ISO 8686-1:2012.
NOTE The limit state concept of ISO 8686-1 is the same as in EN 13001-2.
Deviating from ISO 8686-2:2018, section 5.2, the minimum lateral force resulting from slewing shall be
taken as 2 % of the rated load for all types of mobile cranes.
For the proof of competence of lattice booms the sideload deflection according to ISO 8686-2:2018,
section 7 shall not be considered. The group classification of a mobile crane as a minimum is A1
according to ISO 4301-2:2020, Table 2.
Fatigue strength of crane structure (see H.2) and components shall be ensured according to
EN 13001-3-1:2025 or by equivalent methods described in technical literature or tests or by “proven in
use” designs.
When considering test loads, the crane shall be in the same configuration during test as intended for use
without any modification (e.g. without changing outriggers, counterweight, counterweight position).
The analysis of load effects with alternative advanced methods, i.e. transient dynamic analysis or
representative use of a crane shall provide at least equivalent levels of safety. It shall take into account
unfavourable operating conditions and sequences of movements of the crane and/or the load.
4.1.2.2 Wind loads
4.1.2.2.1 Wind speeds and pressures
To calculate the wind loads in- and out-of-service, it shall be assumed that the wind blows horizontally
from the direction which results in the biggest negative impact on the crane.
Elevation related wind speeds shall be taken into account.
The speed of a 3-s wind gust v(z) [m/s] acting on an elevated point z [m] and decisive for calculations is
based on a mean wind speed determined over 10 min v [m/s] at 10 m above ground or sea level.
0,14

vz z /,10+⋅0 4 v
( ) ( )



for z=10 m⇒ v z=1, 4× v see Annex J
( )

The quasi-static impact pressure q [N/m ] is as a result of:
q 0,625× vz
( )
for z= 10m⇒=q z 1,225× v see Annex K
( )

=
=
To calculate the wind load conservatively, the 3 s-wind gust speed determined at the highest elevated
point v (max. z) can be assumed to act all over the height of the crane and its boom/jib; alternatively.
j
precise elevation-related calculations of the wind forces acting on the boom/jib are permissible, e.g. in
10 m elevation intervals.
Instructions for adequate measures to minimize wind effects during erection and dismantling,
operation and out-of-service of the mobile crane shall be given in the manual (see 6.2.1, 6.2.2.3, 6.2.2.5,
6.2.2.6 and 6.2.2.7).
4.1.2.2.2 In-service wind loads
The wind forces acting on the crane and its components as well as the pertaining impact pressures
determined shall be combined with the other in-service loads.
The reference values of the projected area and drag coefficient used to determine the wind effect on the
load shall be given in the instruction manual (see 6.1.3); the following minimum values shall be taken:
— Projected area per ton of lifted load: A = 1,0 m /t
p
— Drag coefficient: c = 1,2
w
Thus, the effective sail area becomes 1,2 m /t.
The wind loads acting on the suspended load shall be calculated with the effective sail area at the
maximum possible lifting height of the suspended load for the given configuration. Special verification
shall be done for lifting loads with a large area exposed to wind A×>c 12, m/ t , compare as well
( )
w
6.2.2.6. If the manufacturer provides capacity charts based on other assumptions than the standard
ones, this shall be mentioned in the provided chart.
The anemometer shall be positioned to measure the wind speed at the highest point of the crane.
4.1.2.2.3 Out-of-service wind loads (when the crane is not in operation)
If the hook block is suspended by the crane in out-of-service condition its weight and wind loads acting
on the hook block shall be considered.
4.1.2.3 Load effects on steel structures
The loads acting on the steel structure of general use mobile cranes shall be calculated in accordance
with ISO 8686-2:2018, Table 1.
NOTE The minimum group classification of mobile cranes is given in 4.1.2.1.
4.1.2.4 Load effects on non-steel structures
Additional load effects when using-non-steel material for structures - used alone or in combination with
steel materials - shall be taken into account (e.g. tensile creeping, relaxation, different thermal
expansion coefficient).
4.1.2.5 Load effects on load bearing components
4.1.2.5.1 General
There are two different procedures to design the load bearing components of a crane and to proof their
competence. Either the components are designed individually (using the applicable standards
concerning load effects and proof calculation) or the pre-designed components have to be selected.
For individually designed load bearing components, the load effects derived from the service conditions
shall be established by the crane designer.
For pre-designed load bearing components, the crane designer shall identify and agree upon the
relevant load effects derived from the service conditions with the component designer/
...