EN 539-2:2013

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2013
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SIST EN 539-2:2006
SIST EN 539-2:2006/AC:2009
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Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Determination of physical characteristics -
Part 2: Test for frost resistance
Dachziegel für überdeckende Verlegung - Bestimmung der physikalischen Merkmale -
Teil 2: Prüfung der Frostwiderstandsfähigkeit
Tuiles de terre cuite pour pose en discontinu - Détermination des caractéristiques
physiques - Partie 2 : Essais de résistance au gel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 539-2:2013
ICS:
91.060.20 Strehe Roofs
91.100.25 .HUDPLþQLJUDGEHQLL]GHONL Ceramic building products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 539-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2013
ICS 91.100.25 Supersedes EN 539-2:2006
English Version
Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying - Determination of
physical characteristics - Part 2: Test for frost resistance
Tuiles de terre cuite pour pose en discontinu - Dachziegel für überdeckende Verlegung - Bestimmung der
Détermination des caractéristiques physiques - Partie 2: physikalischen Eigenschaften - Teil 2: Prüfung der
Essais de résistance au gel Frostwiderstandsfähigkeit
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 14 March 2013.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 539-2:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Test pieces .8
5 Test method (European single test method) .8
Annex A (normative) Determination of the dry density by hydrostatic weighting . 17
Bibliography . 18

Foreword
This document (EN 539-2:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 128 “Roof covering
products for discontinuous laying and products for wall cladding”, the secretariat of which is held by IBN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by November 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 539-2:2006.
In comparison to the previous edition, modifications have been made in Clause 1, subclauses 3.1, 3.5, 3.6
and 3.8, Clause 5 and Annex A. The test methods A, B, C and D are withdrawn.
This part of EN 539 is preceded by:
 EN 539-1, Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Determination of physical characteristics —
Part 1: Impermeability test
This part of EN 539 is one of a series of standards concerning clay roofing tiles, the list of which is indicated
below:
 EN 1304, Clay roofing tiles and fittings — Products definitions and specifications
 EN 538, Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Flexural strength test
 EN 1024, Clay roofing tiles for discontinuous laying — Determination of geometric characteristics
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.

1 Scope
This European Standard specifies the test method for the determination of frost resistance of clay roofing tiles
and fittings.
The test method is applicable in all CEN member countries in accordance with the required performance level
of each member state.
2 Normative references
Not applicable.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
pit
superficial fault consisting of a fraction of material detached from the body of the product on the visible surface
of the product with a mean dimension of over 7 mm
Note 1 to entry: This is often due to the expansion of a particle of, for example, chalk or pyrites.
[SOURCE: EN 1304:2013, 3.5.18.2]

Figure 1 — Example of pit
3.2
hair crack
superficial crack having a width of not more than 0,20 mm

Figure 2 — Example of hair crack
3.3
nascent crack
crack formation at the edge, with the crack only penetrating slightly into the interior of the ceramic body

Figure 3 — Example of nascent crack

3.4
surface crack
crack more than 0,20 mm wide and with a length of more than 30 mm, which does not pass through the
thickness of the product
Figure 4 — Example of surface crack
3.5
surface damage
loss of a part of the ceramic body material from the surface of the product with the longest dimension greater
than 15 mm together with the widest dimension perpendicular to the length greater than 5 mm
3.5.1
scaling
surface raising, nascent chipping, or crack, which initiates damage

Figure 5 — Example of scaling
3.5.2
chip
loss of a fraction of the body material of the product

Figure 6 — Example of chip
3.5.3
peeling
loss of a part of the superficial layer of the product

Figure 7 — Example of peeling
3.5.4
flaking
progressive loss of body material affecting parts or the whole thickness of the product

Figure 8 — Example of flaking
3.6
structural crack
structural fault consisting of a more or less regular crack running throughout the entire thickness of the product
and visible to the naked eye
[SOURCE: EN 1304:2013, 3.5.17.2]

Figure 9 — Example of structural crack

3.7
loss of ribs
loss of body material from the interlocking ribs sufficient to influence their function

Figure 10 — Example of loss of ribs

3.8
break
structural fault consisting of a separation of the product into two or more fragments
[SOURCE: EN 1304:2013, 3.5.17.1]

Figure 11 — Example of break
3.9
delamination
lamellar flaking which can lead to the delamination of the body in a succession of parallel layers

Figure 12 — Example of delamination

3.10
calibration device
roof tile or ceramic slab which may be specially made to possess the characteristics defined within 5.4.1.1 and
which will not be damaged during the calibration
4 Test pieces
If the tiles or fittings are placed on the market with a ceramic coating and/or treatment, the tests shall be
carried out on test pieces which have this same coating and/or treatment.
When the tiles or fittings are taken from a site or building, they shall be tested in the state in which they are
found, but the interpretation of the test results shall take into account the stresses to which these installed
products have been subjected.
5 Test method (European single test method)
5.1 Principle
Test pieces are progressively immersed in water for a period of seven days, then covered on their back with a
damp cloth, and then placed in a freezing chamber where they are subjected to freeze/thaw cycles.
During these cycles, the products are frozen by air and thawed by water on all of their surfaces at the same
time.
The damage that occurs during the test is recorded.
The number of cycles of each level is specified in this European Standard.
5.2 Apparatus
5.2.1 Freeze/thaw unit
The freeze/thaw unit shall consist of a freezing chamber, fan, cooling units, water level regulator, water drain
and programme control unit. The freeze/thaw unit shall be closed on all sides. An example is given in Figure 13.
The freeze/thaw unit shall be provided with a rack to hold the test pieces as specified in 5.4.2.5.
Temperature sensor(s) shall be fitted inside the freezing chamber to permit monitoring of the temperature
distribution inside the chamber. The temperature sensor(s), e.g. measurement thermocouples or resistance
thermometers and suitable recording instruments, shall have an error limit of ± 0,5 K. Tolerances are given by
taking into account the uncertainty of the recording instruments.
If necessary, deflectors should be fitted to maintain a uniform temperature distribution.
It shall be possible to regulate the cooling capacity of the unit (see 5.2.2) to ensure that the cooling and ice
formation rates as measured in a calibration tile are in accordance with the freeze/thaw curve given in
Figure 14.
A water feed shall be provided to ensure that both surfaces of the tile are uniformly flooded by water. The
water temperature shall be (11 ± 6) °C.
In order to achieve a steady and reproducible sequence of the freeze/thaw cycles, the freeze/thaw unit shall
be equipped with a programme control unit to allow the cooling and the thawing processes to be carried out in
the required time.
Key
1 water input
2 heat exchanger
3 roofing tile fixing
4 circulating fan
Figure 13 — Example of freeze/thaw unit
5.2.2 Regulation of the cooling capacity of the freeze/thaw unit
5.2.2.1 Methods of control
The method of regulating the cooling capacity of the freeze/thaw unit depends on whether or not the
freeze/thaw unit has a fixed cooling capacity or a variable cooling capacity. The methods to be adopted for
each of these two options are described in 5.2.2.2 and 5.2.2.3.
5.2.2.2 Freeze/thaw units with fixed cooling capacity
The cooling capacity of the unit is fixed or held constant and the mass and water content of the test pieces
that is required to meet the freeze/thaw curve is established by test. Thereafter the freeze/thaw unit shall be
loaded with a constant mass of tiles and water content to ensure that the freeze/thaw curve is achieved.
If the test pieces introduce a deficiency in the mass of tiles or water content then this shall be corrected by
reducing the number of test pieces or by the addition of dummy test pieces and/or wet sponges in plastic
bags.
5.2.2.3 Freeze/thaw units with variable cooling capacity
These units allow the air temperature to be regulated. The air temperature curve for the freeze/thaw unit is
established when a set of calibration tiles are cooled in accordance with the freeze/thaw curve specified in
Figure 14.
The development of the predetermined air temperature curve depends on the resistance to heat transmission
between the air and the measured test pieces. This is related to the airflow speed, which is a characteristic of
the design of the freeze/thaw unit. For this reason, the air temperature curve should be determined for each
freeze/thaw unit separately.
5.3 Test sample
According to Table 1, the test sample shall consist of six test pieces free of unacceptable defects. All
acceptable defects shall be recorded prior to testing.
5.4 Procedure
5.4.1 Calibration of the apparatus
5.4.1.1 Calibration ceramic device (tile)
Select a ceramic calibration device (tile) which is at the point of measurement 12 mm to 14 mm thick, having a
dry density of (2,0 ± 0,3) kg/dm (see Annex A) and a water absorption of (10,5 ± 0,5) % (see 5.4.2.1, 5.4.2.2
and 5.4.2.3).
In the calibration device (tile), drill a hole 50 mm long, parallel to its length.
A minimum body thickness of 3 mm on each side of the hole should be retained.
Insert a temperature sensor that reaches to the bottom of the hole and seal the hole with a flexible compound
(silicone grea
...