EN ISO 527-1:1996

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2000
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Plastics - Determination of tensile properties - Part 1: General principles (ISO 527-1:1993
including Corr 1:1994)
Kunststoffe - Bestimmung der Zugeigenschaften - Teil 1: Allgemeine Grundsätze (ISO
527-1:1993 einschließlich Corr 1:1994)
Plastiques - Détermination des propriétés en traction - Partie 1: Principes généraux (ISO
527-1:1993 inclut Corr 1::1994)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 527-1:1996
ICS:
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ISO
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
First edition
1993-06-15
Determination of tensile
Plastics -
properties -
Part 1:
General principles
Plastiques - Dhtermination des propri&& en traction -
Partie 1: Principes gh&aux
Reference number
ISO 527-1: 1993(E)
ISO 527=1:1993(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide
federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work
of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for
which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental
and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take patt in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are
circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International
Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting
a vote,
International Standard ISO 527-1 was prepared by Technical Committee
ISO/TC 61, Plastics, Sub-Committee SC 2, Mechanical properties.
Together with the other Parts of ISO 527, it cancels and replaces ISO
Recommendation R 527:1966, which has been technically revised.
ISO 527 consists of the following Parts, under the general title
- Determination o f tensile properties:
Plas tics
- Part 1: General principles
- Part 2: Test conditions for moulding and extrusion plastics
- Part 3: Test conditions for sheet and film
- Part 4: Test conditions for isotropic and orthotropic fibre-rein forced
plas tic composites
- Part 5: Test conditions for unidirectional fibre-reinforced plas tic
composites
Annex A of this part of ISO 527 is for information only.
0 ISO 1993
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without per-
mission in writing from the publisher.
International Organization for Standardization
Case Postale 56 l CH-l 211 Geneve 20 l Switzerland
Printed in Switzerland
ii
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 527~1:1993(E)
Plastics - Determination of tensile properties -
Part 1:
General principles
The methods are not normally suitable for use with
1 Scope
rigid cellular materials or sandwich structures con-
taining cellular material.
1.1 This patt of ISO 527 specifies the general prin-
1.4 The methods are applied using specimens
ciples for determining the tensile properties of plastics
which may be either moulded to the Chosen dimen-
and plastic composites under defined conditions.
sions or machined, tut or punched from finished and
semifinished products such as mouldings, laminates,
Several different types of test specimen are defined
films and extruded or cast sheet. In some cases a
to suit different types of material which are detailed
multipurpose test specimen (see ISO 3167:1993,
in subsequent Parts of ISO 527.
Plas tics - Preparation and use of multipurpose test
specimens), may be used.
1.2 The methods are used to investigate the tensile
1.5 The methods specify preferred dimensions for
behaviour of the test specimens and for determining
the test specimens. Tests which are carried out on
the tensile strength, tensile modulus and other as-
specimens of different dimensions, or on specimens
pects of the tensile stresslstrain relationship under
which are prepared under different conditions, may
the conditions defined.
produce results which are not comparable. Other fac-
tors, such as the Speed of testing and the conditioning
of the specimens, tan also influence the results.
1.3 The methods are selectively suitable for use
Consequently, when comparative data are required,
with the following range of materials:
these factors must be carefully controlled and re-
corded.
- rigid and semirigid thermoplastics moulding and
extrusion materials, including filled and reinforced
compounds in addition to unfilled types; rigid and 2 Normative references
semirigid thermoplastics sheets and films;
The following Standards contain provisions which,
- rigid and semirigid thermosetting moulding ma- through reference in this text, constitute provisions
terials, including filled and reinforced compounds;
of this part of ISO 527. At the time of publication, the
rigid and semirigid thermosetting sheets, including editions indicated were valid. All Standards are subject
laminates;
to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this
patt of ISO 527 are encouraged to investigate the
- fibre-reinforced thermoset and thermoplastics
possibility of applying the most recent editions of the
composites incorporating unidirectional or non-
Standards indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO
unidirectional reinforcements such as mat, woven maintain registers of currently valid International
fabrics, woven rovings, chopped Strands, combi- Standards.
nation and hybrid reinforcements, rovings and
milled fibres; sheets made from pre-impregnated
ISO 291:1977, Plastics - Standard atmospheres for
materials (prepregs);
conditioning and testing.
- thermotropic liquid crystal polymers. ISO 2602:1980, Statistical interpretation of test re-
ISO 527=1:1993(E)
sults - Estimation of the mean - Confidence 4.3.4 tensile stress at x % strain (see 4.4), ax:
in terval. Stress at which the strain reaches the specified value
x expressed in percentage.
ISO 5893:1985, Rubber and plastics test equipment
lt is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
- Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant
rate of traverse) - Description.
lt may be measured for example if the stress/strain
curve does not exhibit a yield Point (see figure 1,
curve d). In this case, x shall be taken from the rel-
evant product Standard or agreed upon by the inter-
3 Principle
ested Parties. However, x must be lower than the
strain corresponding to the tensile strength, in any
The test specimen is extended along its major longi-
case.
tudinal axis at constant Speed until the specimen
fractures or until the stress (load) or the strain (elon-
4.4 tensile strain, E: Increase in length per unit
gation) reaches some predetermined value. During
original length sf the gauge.
this procedure the load sustained by the specimen
and the elongation are measured.
lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or in per-
centage (%) [see 10.2, equations (4) and (5)].
lt is used for strains up to yield Point (see 4.3.1); for
4 Definitions
strains beyond yield Point see 4.5.
For the purposes of this patt of ISO 527, the following
4.4.1 tensile strain at yield, E+ Tensile strain at the
definitions apply.
yield stress (see 4.3.1 and figure 1, curves b and c).
4.1 gauge length, Lo: Initial distance between the
lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or in per-
gauge marks on the central part of the test specimen;
centage (%).
see figures of the test specimens in the relevant patt
of ISO 527.
4.4.2 tensile strain at break, &g: Tensile strain at
the tensile stress at break (see 4.3.2), if it breaks
lt is expressed in millimetres (mm).
without yielding (see figure 1, curves a and d).
4.2 Speed of testing, V: Rate of Separation of the
lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or in per-
grips of the testing machine during the test.
centage (%).
lt is expressed in millimetres per minute (mm/min).
For breaking after yielding, see 4.5.1.
4.3 tensile stress, 0 (engineering): Tensile forte per
4.4.3 tensile strain at tensile strength, &M: Tensile
unit area of the original cross-section within the gauge
strain at the Point corresponding to tensile strength
length, carried by the test specimen at any given
(see 4.3.3), if this occurs without or at yielding (see
moment.
figure 1, curves a and d).
lt is expressed in megapascals (MPa) [see 10.1,
lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio or in per-
equation (3)].
centage (%).
For strength values higher than the yield stress, see
4.3.1 tensile stress at yield; yield stress, gy: First
4.5.2.
stress at which an increase in strain occurs without
an increase in stress.
4.5 nominal tensile strain, gt: Increase in length per
lt is expressed in megapascals (MPa). unit original length of the distance between grips (grip
Separation).
lt may be less than the maximum attainable stress
(see figure 1, cutves b and c). lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or in per-
centage (%) [see 10.2, equations (6) and (7)].
4.3.2 tensile stress at break, 0s: The tensile stress
lt is used for strains beyond yield Point (see 4.3.1). For
at which the test specimen ruptures (see figure 1).
strains up to yield Point, see 4.4. lt represents the
total relative elongation which takes place along the
lt is expressed in megapascals (MPa).
free length of the test specimen.
4.3.3 tensile strength, OM: Maximum tensile stress
4.5.1 nominal tensile strain at break, 8& Nominal
sustained by the test specimen during a tensile test
tensile strain at the tensile stress at break (see
(sec figure 1).
4.3.2), if the specimen breaks after yielding (see
lt is expressed in megapascals (MPa). figure 1, curves b and c).
ISO 5274:1993(E)
It is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or in per-
Table 1 - Recommended testing Speeds
centage (%).
Speed Tolerante
For breaking without yielding, see 4.4.2.
mm/min YO
4.5.2 nominal tensile strain at tensile strength,
&tM: Nominal tensile strain at tensile strength (See
f 20 1)
4.3.3), if this occurs after yielding (see figure 1,
curve b). 2
* 20 1)
5 f 20
lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio, or in per-
10 f 20
centage (%).
20 * 10
For strength values without or at yielding, see 4.4.3.
50 * 10
100 f 10
4.6 modulus of elasticity in tension; Young’s
200 f 10
modulus, Et: Ratio of the stress differente a2 minus
g1 to the corresponding strain differente values
500 f 10
0,000 5 (see figure 1, curve d
g2 = 0,002 5 minus c1 =
and 10.3, equation (8)].
1) These tolerantes are smaller than those indicated in
ISO 5893.
lt is expressed in megapascals, (MPa).
This definition does not apply to films and rubber.
5.1.3 Grips
NOTE 1 With computer-aided equipment, the determi-
nation of the modulus A!Z~ using two distinct stress/strain
Grips for holding the test specimen shall be attached
Points tan be replaced by a linear regression procedure ap-
to the machine so that the major axis of the test
plied on the part of the curve between these mentioned
specimen coincides with the direction of pull through
Points.
the centreline of the grip assembly. This tan be
achieved, for example, by using centring pins in the
4.7 Poisson‘s ratio, CL: Negative ratio of the tensile
grips. The test specimen shall be held such that Slip
strain E,, in one of the two axes normal to the direc-
relative to the grips is prevented as far as possible and
tion of pull, to the corresponding strain E in the direc-
this shall preferably be effected with the type of grip
tion of pull, within the initial linear Portion of the
that maintains or increases pressure on the test
longitudinal versus normal strain cun/e.
specimen as the forte applied to the test specimen
increases. The clamping System shall not Cause pre-
lt is expressed as a dimensionless ratio.
mature fracture at the grips.
Poisson’s ratio is indicated as &, (width direction) or
,Um (thickness direction) according to the relevant axis.
5.1.4 Load indicator
Poisson’s ratio is preferentially used for long-fibre-
reinforced materials.
The load indicator shall incorporate a mechanism ca-
pable of showing the total tensile load carried by the
test specimen when held by the grips. The mech-
anism shall be essentially free from inertia lag at the
5 Apparatus
specified rate of testing, and shall indicate the load
with an accuracy of at least 1 % of the actual value.
Attention is drawn to ISO 5893.
5.1 Testing machine
5.1.5 Extensometer
5.1 .l General
The extensometer shall comply with ISO 5893. lt shall
be capable of determining the relative Change in the
The machine shall comply with ISO 5893, and meet
gauge length on the test specimen at any time during
the specifications given in 5.1.2 to 5.1.5, as follows.
the test. lt is desirable, but not essential, that this in-
strument should automatically record this Change. The
instrument shall be essentially free from inertia lag at
5.1.2 Speeds of testing
the specified Speed of testing, and shall be capable
of measuring the Change of gauge length with an ac-
The tensile-testing machine shall be capable of main-
curacy of 1 % of the relevant value or better. This
taining the Speeds of testing (see 4.2) as specified in
corresponds to & 1 Pm for the measurement of the
table 1.
modulus, based on a gauge length of 50 mm.
ISO 527=1:1993(E)
on the material being tested and that, in the case of
When an extensometer is attached to the test speci-
men, care shall be taken to ensure that any distortion parallel lines, they are as narrow as possible.
of or darnage to the test specimen is minimal. lt is
essential that there is no Slippage between the
6.4 Checking the test specimens
extensometer and the test specimen.
The specimen
...