EN 14181:2004

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2004
(PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY=DJRWDYOMDQMHNDNRYRVWLDYWRPDWVNLKPHULOQLK
VLVWHPRY
Stationary source emissions - Quality assurance of automated measuring systems
Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Qualitätssicherung für automatische
Messeinrichtungen
Émissions des sources fixes - Assurance qualité des systemes automatiques de mesure
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 14181:2004
ICS:
13.040.40 (PLVLMHQHSUHPLþQLKYLURY Stationary source emissions
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 14181
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2004
ICS 13.040.40
English version
Stationary source emissions - Quality assurance of automated
measuring systems
Émission des sources fixes - Assurance qualité des Emissionen aus stationären Quellen - Qualitätssicherung
systèms automatiques de mesure für automatische Messeinrichtungen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 November 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
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Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 14181:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations .9
5 Principle.11
6 Calibration and validation of the AMS (QAL2).13
7 Ongoing quality assurance during operation (QAL3).21
8 Annual Surveillance Test (AST) .23
9 Documentation.27
Annex A (normative) QAL2 and AST functional test of AMS.28
Annex B (normative) Test of linearity .32
Annex C (normative) CUSUM Control Charts .34
Annex D (informative) Documentation.40
Annex E (informative) Example of calculation of the calibration function and of the variability test .42
Annex F (informative) Example of calculation of the standard deviation s of the AMS at zero
AMS
and span level .51
Annex G (informative) Example of using the calibration function and  the variability test in the
AST.54
Annex H (informative) CUSUM charts field form (drift) .58
Bibliography .59

Foreword
This document (EN 14181:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air quality”, the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2004, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by December 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association. It supports requirements in the EU Directives 2000/76/EC [1] and
2001/80/EC [2] and may also be applicable for other purposes.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland
and United Kingdom.
Introduction
This standard describes the quality assurance procedures needed to assure that an Automated Measuring
System (AMS) installed to measure emissions to air are capable of meeting the uncertainty requirements on
measured values given by legislation, e.g. EU Directives [1], [2] or national legislation, and more generally by
competent authorities.
Three different Quality Assurance Levels (QAL1, QAL2, and QAL3) are defined to achieve this objective.
These Quality Assurance Levels cover the suitability of an AMS for its measuring task (e.g. before or during
the purchase period of the AMS), the validation of the AMS following its installation, and the control of the
AMS during its ongoing operation on an industrial plant. An Annual Surveillance Test (AST) is also defined.
The suitability evaluation of the AMS and its measuring procedure are described in EN ISO 14956 (QAL1)
where a methodology is given for calculating the total uncertainty of AMS measured values. This total
uncertainty is calculated from the evaluation of all the uncertainty components arising from its individual
performance characteristics that contribute.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies procedures for establishing quality assurance levels (QAL) for automated
measuring systems (AMS) installed on industrial plants for the determination of the flue gas components and
other flue gas parameters.
This standard specifies:
— a procedure (QAL2) to calibrate the AMS and determine the variability of the measured values obtained by
it, so as to demonstrate the suitability of the AMS for its application, following its installation;
— a procedure (QAL3) to maintain and demonstrate the required quality of the measurement results during
the normal operation of an AMS, by checking that the zero and span characteristics are consistent with
those determined during QAL1;
— a procedure for the annual surveillance tests (AST) of the AMS in order to evaluate (i) that it functions
correctly and its performance remains valid and (ii) that its calibration function and variability remain as
previously determined.
This standard is designed to be used after the AMS has been accepted according to the procedures specified
in EN ISO 14956 (QAL1).
This standard is restricted to quality assurance (QA) of the AMS, and does not include the QA of the data
collection and recording system of the plant.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN ISO 14956, Air quality - Evaluation of the suitability of a measurement procedure by comparison with a
required measurement uncertainty (ISO 14956:2002).
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO/IEC
17025:1999).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
air quality characteristic
one of the quantifiable properties relating to an air mass under investigation, for example, concentration of a
constituent
[ISO 6879:1995]
3.2
automated measuring system AMS
measuring system permanently installed on site for continuous monitoring of emissions
NOTE 1 An AMS is a method which is traceable to a reference method.
NOTE 2 Apart from the analyser, an AMS includes facilities for taking samples (e.g. sample probe, sample gas lines,
flow meters, regulators, delivery pumps) and for sample conditioning (e.g. dust filter, moisture removal devices, converters,
diluters). This definition also includes testing and adjusting devices, that are required for regular functional checks.
3.3
calibration function
linear relationship between the values of the SRM and the AMS with the assumption of a constant residual
standard deviation
3.4
competent authority
organisation or organisations which implement the requirements of EU Directives and regulate installations
which must comply with the requirements of this European Standard
3.5
confidence interval (two-sided)
when T and T are two functions of the observed values such that, θ being a population parameter to be
1 2
estimated, the probability P (T ≤ θ ≤ T ) is at least equal to (1 – α) [where (1 – α) is a fixed number, positive
r 1 2
and less than 1], the interval between T and T is a two-sided (1 – α) confidence interval for θ
1 2
[ISO 3534-1:1993]
NOTE The 95 % confidence interval is illustrated in Figure 1, where:
T = Θ – 1,96 σ is the lower 95 % confidence limit;
1 0
T = Θ + 1,96 σ is the upper 95 % confidence limit;
2 0
I = T – T = 2 × 1,96 × σ is the length of the 95 % confidence interval;
2 1 0
σ = I / (2 × 1,96) is the standard deviation associated with a 95 % confidence interval;
n is the number of observed values;
f is the frequency;
m is the measured value.
Figure 1 — Illustration of the 95 % confidence interval of a normal distribution
In this European Standard, the standard deviation σ is estimated in QAL2 by parallel measurements with a SRM. It is
assumed that the requirement for σ , presented in terms of an allowable uncertainty budget i.e. variability, is provided by
the regulators (e.g. in some EU Directives). In the procedures of this standard, the premise is that the required variability is
given as σ itself, or as a quarter of the length of the full 95 % confidence interval.
3.6
CUSUM chart
calculation procedure in which the amount of drift and change in precision is compared to the corresponding
uncertainty components which are obtained during QAL1
3.7
drift
monotonic change of the calibration function over stated period of unattended operation, which results in a
change of the measured value
3.8
emission limit value
limit value related to the uncertainty requirement
NOTE For the EU directives [1] and [2] it is the daily emission limit value that relates to the uncertainty requirement.
3.9
extractive AMS
AMS having the detection unit physically separated from the gas stream by means of a sampling system
3.10
instability
change in the measured value comprised of drift and dispersion resulting from the change in the calibration
function over a stated period of unattended operation, for a given value of the air quality characteristic. Drift
and dispersion specify the monotonic and stochastic change with time of the output signal, respectively
[ISO 6879:1995]
3.11
instrument reading
indication of the measured value directly provided by the AMS without using the calibration function
3.12
legislation
directives, Acts, ordinances and regulations
3.13
measurand
particular quantity subject to measurement
[ENV 13005:1999]
3.14
measured value
estimated value of the air quality characteristic derived from an output signal; this usually involves calculations
related to the calibration process and conversion to required quantities
[ISO 6879:1995]
3.15
non-extractive AMS
AMS having the detection unit in the gas stream or in a part of it
3.16
period of unattended operation
maximum admissible interval of time for which the performan
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