EN 14986:2017
(Main)Design of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres
Design of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres
1.1 This European Standard specifies the constructional requirements for fans constructed to Group II G (of explosion groups IIA, IIB and hydrogen) categories 1, 2 and 3, and Group II D categories 2 and 3, intended for use in explosive atmospheres.
NOTE 1 Operation conditions for the different categories of fans used in this European Standard are defined in Clause 4.
NOTE 2 Technical requirements for category 1 D fans are not given in this document. Where explosive dust atmospheres are regularly conveyed, explosion protection measures as described in EN 1127–1 are required if this specific us is needed.
1.2 This European Standard does not apply to group I fans (fans for mining), cooling fans or impellers on rotating electrical machines, cooling fans or impellers on internal combustion engines.
NOTE 1 Requirements for group I fans are given in EN 1710.
NOTE 2 The requirements for electrical parts are covered by references to electrical equipment standards.
1.3 This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction, testing and marking of complete fan units intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in air containing gas, vapour, mist and/or dusts. Such atmospheres may exist inside (the conveyed atmosphere (flammable or not)), outside, or inside and outside of the fan.
1.4 This European Standard is applicable to fans working in ambient atmospheres and with normal atmospheric conditions at the inlet, having
- absolute pressures ranging from 0,8 bar to 1,1 bar,
- and temperatures ranging from −20 °C to +60 °C,
- and maximum volume fraction of 21 % oxygen content,
- and an aerodynamic energy increase of less than 25 kJ/kg.
NOTE 1 25 kJ/kg is equivalent to 30 kPa at inlet density of 1,2 kg/m3.
This European Standard may also be helpful for the design, construction, testing and marking of fans intended for use in atmospheres outside the validity range stated above or in cases where other material pairings need to be used. In this case, the ignition risk assessment, ignition protection provided, additional testing (if necessary), manufacturer's marking, technical documentation and instructions to the user, should clearly demonstrate and indicate the equipment's suitability for the conditions the fan may encounter.
This European Standard should not apply to integral fans as a part of Diesel engines, vehicles or electric motors.
NOTE 2 Where undated references are used in the body of the standard the latest edition applies.
Konstruktion von Ventilatoren für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten Atmosphären
1.1 Diese Europäische Norm legt die baulichen Anforderungen an Ventilatoren der Gruppe II G (der Explosionsgruppen IIA, IIB und Wasserstoff) Kategorien 1, 2 und 3 und Gruppe II D Kategorien 2 und 3 für die Verwendung in explosionsfähigen Atmosphären fest.
ANMERKUNG 1 Betriebsbedingungen für die verschiedenen Kategorien von Ventilatoren, die von dieser Europäischen Norm erfasst werden, sind in Abschnitt 4 definiert.
ANMERKUNG 2 Technische Anforderungen an Ventilatoren der Kategorie 1 D sind in diesem Dokument nicht enthalten. An Orten, an denen regelmäßig explosionsfähige Staubatmosphären gefördert werden, sind wahrscheinlich Explosionsschutzmaßnahmen gemäß Beschreibung in EN 1127-1 erforderlich.
1.2 Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht anwendbar auf Gruppe-I-Ventilatoren (Ventilatoren für den Bergbau), Kühlgebläse oder Flügelräder für drehende elektrische Maschinen sowie Kühlgebläse oder Flügelräder für Verbrennungsmotoren.
ANMERKUNG 1 Anforderungen an Gruppe-I-Ventilatoren sind in EN 1710 enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Anforderungen an elektrische Bauteile werden durch Verweisungen auf Normen für elektrische Geräte behandelt.
1.3 Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen an Konstruktion, Bau, Prüfung und Kennzeichnung kompletter Ventilatoreinheiten fest, die für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen, die durch Gase, Dämpfe, Nebel und/oder Staub entstehen, bestimmt sind. Solche Atmosphären können innerhalb (durch die geförderte Atmosphäre (entflammbar oder nicht), außerhalb oder innerhalb und außerhalb des Ventilators existieren.
1.4 Diese Europäische Norm ist anwendbar auf Ventilatoren, die in Umgebungsluft und unter normalen atmosphärischen Bedingungen an der Eintrittsseite betrieben werden, für die gilt:
- absolute Drücke von 0,8 bar bis 1,1 bar;
- und Temperaturen zwischen −20 °C und +60 °C;
- und einem höchstmöglichen Volumenanteil des Sauerstoffgehalts von 21 %;
- und einem aerodynamischen Energieanstieg von weniger als 25 kJ/kg.
ANMERKUNG 1 25 kJ entsprechen 30 kPa bei einer Eintrittsdichte von 1,2 kg/m3.
Diese Europäische Norm kann auch hilfreich sein für Konstruktion, Bau, Prüfung und Kennzeichnung von Ventilatoren, die für den Einsatz in Atmosphären bestimmt sind, die nicht in den Gültigkeitsbereich dieser Norm fallen, oder in Fällen, in denen andere Werkstoffpaarungen verwendet werden müssen. In diesem Fall sollten die Bewertung des Zündrisikos, der vorgesehene Zündschutz, zusätzliche Prüfung (falls erforderlich), Herstellerkennzeichnung, technische Dokumentation und Anweisungen an den Benutzer klar nachweisen, dass die Ventilatoren für die Bedingungen, auf die sie treffen können, geeignet sind.
Diese Europäische Norm sollte nicht für in Dieselmotoren, Fahrzeugen oder Elektromotoren integrierte Ventilatoren gelten.
ANMERKUNG 2 Undatierte Verweisungen im Hauptteil der Norm beziehen sich auf die jeweils neueste Ausgabe.
Conception des ventilateurs pour les atmosphères explosibles
1.1 La présente Norme européenne spécifie les exigences de construction pour les ventilateurs fabriqués selon le Groupe II G (des groupes d’explosion IIA, IIB et hydrogène) des catégories 1, 2 et 3, et selon le Groupe II D catégories 2 et 3, destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosibles.
NOTE 1 Les conditions de fonctionnement des différentes catégories de ventilateurs utilisées dans la présente Norme européenne sont définies à l’Article 4.
NOTE 2 Les exigences techniques pour les ventilateurs de catégorie 1 D ne sont pas données dans le présent document. Lorsque des atmosphères poussiéreuses explosibles sont régulièrement transportées, des mesures de protection contre l’explosion comme celles décrites dans l’EN 1127–1 sont exigées à condition que cet usage spécifique soit nécessaire.
1.2 La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux ventilateurs du groupe I (ventilateurs pour mines), aux ventilateurs de refroidissement ou roues montées sur des machines électriques tournantes, ventilateurs de refroidissement ou roues montées sur des moteurs fixes à combustion interne.
NOTE 1 Les exigences relatives aux ventilateurs du groupe I sont données dans l’EN 1710.
NOTE 2 Les exigences relatives aux parties électriques sont couvertes par des références à des normes relatives aux équipements électriques.
1.3 La présente Norme européenne définit les exigences relatives à la conception, à la construction, aux essais et au marquage de ventilateurs complets destinés à être utilisés en atmosphères explosibles d’air chargé de gaz, de vapeurs, de brouillards et/ou de poussières. Ces atmosphères peuvent également exister à l’intérieur (de l’atmosphère transportée (inflammable ou non)), à l’extérieur, ou à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du ventilateur.
1.4 La présente Norme européenne est applicable aux ventilateurs fonctionnant en atmosphères ambiantes et dans des conditions atmosphériques normales au niveau de l’aspiration avec :
- des pressions absolues de 0,8 bar à 1,1 bar,
- des températures de −20 °C à +60 °C,
- une teneur maximale en oxygène de 21 %,
- une augmentation d’énergie aérodynamique inférieure à 25 kJ/kg.
NOTE 1 25 kJ/kg sont équivalents à 30 kPa pour une masse volumique à l’aspiration de 1,2 kg/m3.
La présente Norme européenne peut également s’avérer utile pour la conception, la construction, les essais et le marquage des ventilateurs destinés à être utilisés dans des atmosphères n’entrant pas dans la plage de validité indiquée ci-dessus ou dans des cas où le recours à d’autres couples de matériaux s’avère nécessaire. Dans ce cas, il convient que l’évaluation du risque d’inflammation, la protection prévue à cet effet, les essais supplémentaires (si nécessaire), le marquage du fabricant, la documentation technique et les instructions destinées à l’utilisateur démontrent et indiquent clairement que l’appareil est adapté aux conditions que le ventilateur peut rencontrer.
Il convient que la présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux ventilateurs intégrés dans les véhicules ni dans les moteurs diesel ou électriques.
NOTE 2 Lorsque des références non datées sont utilisées dans le corps de la norme, la dernière édition de la publication s’applique.
Načrtovanje ventilatorjev za delovanje v potencialno eksplozivnih atmosferah
1.1 Ta evropski standard določa konstrukcijske zahteve za ventilatorje, izdelane za skupino II G (v okviru eksplozijskih skupin II A, II B in vodika) kategorij 1, 2 in 3 ter skupino II D kategorij 2 in 3, ki so namenjeni za uporabo v eksplozivnih atmosferah.
OPOMBA: Pogoji delovanja za različne kategorije ventilatorjev, ki se uporabljajo v tem evropskem standardu, so določeni v točki 4.
1.2 Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za ventilatorje skupine I (ventilatorji za uporabo v rudarstvu), hladilne ventilatorje ali rotorje pri rotacijskih električnih strojih in hladilne ventilatorje ali rotorje pri motorjih z notranjim izgorevanjem.
OPOMBA 1: Zahteve za ventilatorje skupine I so podane v standardu EN 1710.
OPOMBA 2: Zahteve za električne dele so zajete s sklici na standarde za električno opremo.
1.3 Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za načrtovanje, izdelavo, preskušanje in označevanje zaključenih ventilatorskih enot, namenjenih za uporabo v potencialno eksplozivnih atmosferah plinov, hlapov, meglic in/ali prahu v zraku. Take atmosfere lahko obstajajo znotraj (prevajana tekočina), zunaj ali znotraj in zunaj ventilatorja.
1.4 Ta evropski standard se uporablja za ventilatorje, ki delujejo v okoljskih atmosferah z vrednostmi absolutnega tlaka od 0,8 bara do 1,1 bara, temperaturami od –20 °C do –60 °C, največjim prostorninskim deležem vsebnosti kisika 21 % ter pri vhodnih pogojih (tlak od 0,8 bara do 1,1 bara, temperature od –20 °C do 60 °C) in porastu aerodinamične energije manj kot 25 kJ/kg.
OPOMBA 1: 25 kJ/kg je enako 30 kPa pri vhodni gostoti 1,2 kg/m³.
OPOMBA 2: Ta evropski standard je lahko uporaben tudi pri načrtovanju, izdelavi, preskušanju in označevanju ventilatorjev za uporabo v atmosferah z vrednostmi zunaj zgoraj navedenega validativnega obsega ali v primerih potrebne uporabe drugih vezav materialov. V tem primeru mora biti ustreznost opreme za potencialne pogoje delovanja ventilatorja jasno izražena in prikazana z oceno tveganja za vžig, razpoložljivo zaščito pred vžigom, dodatnim preskušanjem (po potrebi), označbami proizvajalca, tehnično dokumentacijo in navodili za uporabnika.
OPOMBA 3: Ta evropski standard se ne uporablja za ventilatorje, ki so sestavni deli elektromotorjev.
OPOMBA 4: V primeru uporabe nedatiranih sklicevanj v besedilu standarda se uporablja najnovejša izdaja.
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 10-Jan-2017
- Withdrawal Date
- 13-Apr-2025
- Current Stage
- 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
- Start Date
- 24-Apr-2024
- Completion Date
- 14-Apr-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 18-Jan-2017
- Effective Date
- 18-Jan-2023
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 14986:2017 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Design of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres". This standard covers: 1.1 This European Standard specifies the constructional requirements for fans constructed to Group II G (of explosion groups IIA, IIB and hydrogen) categories 1, 2 and 3, and Group II D categories 2 and 3, intended for use in explosive atmospheres. NOTE 1 Operation conditions for the different categories of fans used in this European Standard are defined in Clause 4. NOTE 2 Technical requirements for category 1 D fans are not given in this document. Where explosive dust atmospheres are regularly conveyed, explosion protection measures as described in EN 1127–1 are required if this specific us is needed. 1.2 This European Standard does not apply to group I fans (fans for mining), cooling fans or impellers on rotating electrical machines, cooling fans or impellers on internal combustion engines. NOTE 1 Requirements for group I fans are given in EN 1710. NOTE 2 The requirements for electrical parts are covered by references to electrical equipment standards. 1.3 This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction, testing and marking of complete fan units intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in air containing gas, vapour, mist and/or dusts. Such atmospheres may exist inside (the conveyed atmosphere (flammable or not)), outside, or inside and outside of the fan. 1.4 This European Standard is applicable to fans working in ambient atmospheres and with normal atmospheric conditions at the inlet, having - absolute pressures ranging from 0,8 bar to 1,1 bar, - and temperatures ranging from −20 °C to +60 °C, - and maximum volume fraction of 21 % oxygen content, - and an aerodynamic energy increase of less than 25 kJ/kg. NOTE 1 25 kJ/kg is equivalent to 30 kPa at inlet density of 1,2 kg/m3. This European Standard may also be helpful for the design, construction, testing and marking of fans intended for use in atmospheres outside the validity range stated above or in cases where other material pairings need to be used. In this case, the ignition risk assessment, ignition protection provided, additional testing (if necessary), manufacturer's marking, technical documentation and instructions to the user, should clearly demonstrate and indicate the equipment's suitability for the conditions the fan may encounter. This European Standard should not apply to integral fans as a part of Diesel engines, vehicles or electric motors. NOTE 2 Where undated references are used in the body of the standard the latest edition applies.
1.1 This European Standard specifies the constructional requirements for fans constructed to Group II G (of explosion groups IIA, IIB and hydrogen) categories 1, 2 and 3, and Group II D categories 2 and 3, intended for use in explosive atmospheres. NOTE 1 Operation conditions for the different categories of fans used in this European Standard are defined in Clause 4. NOTE 2 Technical requirements for category 1 D fans are not given in this document. Where explosive dust atmospheres are regularly conveyed, explosion protection measures as described in EN 1127–1 are required if this specific us is needed. 1.2 This European Standard does not apply to group I fans (fans for mining), cooling fans or impellers on rotating electrical machines, cooling fans or impellers on internal combustion engines. NOTE 1 Requirements for group I fans are given in EN 1710. NOTE 2 The requirements for electrical parts are covered by references to electrical equipment standards. 1.3 This European Standard specifies requirements for design, construction, testing and marking of complete fan units intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres in air containing gas, vapour, mist and/or dusts. Such atmospheres may exist inside (the conveyed atmosphere (flammable or not)), outside, or inside and outside of the fan. 1.4 This European Standard is applicable to fans working in ambient atmospheres and with normal atmospheric conditions at the inlet, having - absolute pressures ranging from 0,8 bar to 1,1 bar, - and temperatures ranging from −20 °C to +60 °C, - and maximum volume fraction of 21 % oxygen content, - and an aerodynamic energy increase of less than 25 kJ/kg. NOTE 1 25 kJ/kg is equivalent to 30 kPa at inlet density of 1,2 kg/m3. This European Standard may also be helpful for the design, construction, testing and marking of fans intended for use in atmospheres outside the validity range stated above or in cases where other material pairings need to be used. In this case, the ignition risk assessment, ignition protection provided, additional testing (if necessary), manufacturer's marking, technical documentation and instructions to the user, should clearly demonstrate and indicate the equipment's suitability for the conditions the fan may encounter. This European Standard should not apply to integral fans as a part of Diesel engines, vehicles or electric motors. NOTE 2 Where undated references are used in the body of the standard the latest edition applies.
EN 14986:2017 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 23.120 - Ventilators. Fans. Air-conditioners; 29.260.20 - Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 14986:2017 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 14986:2007, EN 14986:2024. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 14986:2017 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/34/EU, 94/9/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/BC/CEN/92/46. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN 14986:2017 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Konstruktion von Ventilatoren für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten BereichenConception des ventilateurs pour les atmosphères explosiblesDesign of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres29.260.20Electrical apparatus for explosive atmospheres23.120QDSUDYHVentilators. Fans. Air-conditionersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14986:2017SIST EN 14986:2017en,fr,de01-april-2017SIST EN 14986:2017SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14986:20071DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14986
January
t r s y ICS
t uä s t r Supersedes EN
s v { z xã t r r yEnglish Version
Design of fans working in potentially explosive atmospheres Conception des ventilateurs pour les atmosphères explosibles
Konstruktion von Ventilatoren für den Einsatz in explosionsgefährdeten Atmosphären This European Standard was approved by CEN on
u r October
t r s xä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s v { z xã t r s y ESIST EN 14986:2017
Additional requirements for category 1 G fans . 33 A.1 General . 33 A.2 Flame transmission test . 33 A.3 Pressure test . 34 Annex B (informative)
Classification of requirements for the different categories . 35 Annex C (informative)
Checklist for verification of the safety requirements and/or protective measures . 39 C.1 General . 39 C.2 All categories . 39 C.3 Category 2 – Gas and dust . 40 C.4 Category 1 – Gas . 40 Annex D (informative)
Examples of types of fans showing ignition minimizing features . 41 Annex E (normative)
List of significant hazards . 46 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European
Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2014/34/EU. 50 Bibliography . 51
« t r °C to +60 °C, — and maximum volume fraction of 21 % oxygen content, — and an aerodynamic energy increase of less than 25 kJ/kg. NOTE 1 25 kJ/kg is equivalent to 30 kPa at inlet density of 1,2 kg/m3. This European Standard may also be helpful for the design, construction, testing and marking of fans intended for use in atmospheres outside the validity range stated above or in cases where other material pairings need to be used. In this case, the ignition risk assessment, ignition protection provided, additional testing (if necessary), manufacturer's marking, technical documentation and instructions to the user, should clearly demonstrate and indicate the equipment's suitability for the conditions the fan may encounter. This European Standard should not apply to integral fans as a part of Diesel engines, vehicles or electric motors. NOTE 2 Where undated references are used in the body of the standard the latest edition applies. SIST EN 14986:2017
or nickel base or cast iron
- Paint containing aluminium shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks (EN 1127–1). a f 2 Copper Carbon or stainless steel
or nickel base or cast iron
- Nickel based alloys shall contain a minimum mass fraction 60 % nickel. Nickel based alloys and nickel based steel alloys shall contain a maximum mass fraction of 4 % in total of magnesium, titanium and zirconium. All alloys shall have a homogeneous structure.
11 CuNi10Fe1.6Mn (CW352H) Any steel alloy or nickel base - This pairing can cause ignition of explosive atmospheres when rubbing occurs. This shall be included in the technical documentation provided to the user. - In category 1 or 2 fans these pairings shall be limited to fans having a motor power not exceeding 11 kW and a relative rubbing speed between stationary and rotating parts not exceeding 40 m/s, provided the clearances at all possible points of contact specified in 4.5.2 are ensured by design or checks during service. Where greater motor powers or relative rubbing speeds
- Even if these alloys are non-sparking, they can easily form hot spots due to friction and low heat conductivity
- These pairings can cause ignition of explosive atmospheres when rubbing occurs. This shall be included in the technical documentation provided to the user.
total of magnesium, titanium and zirconium. All alloys shall have a homogeneous structure. - Even if these alloys are non-sparking, they can easily form hot spots due to friction and low heat conductivity. - In category 1 or 2 fans these pairings shall be limited to fans having a motor power not exceeding 5,5 kW and a relative rubbing speed between stationary and rotating parts not exceeding 40 m/s, provided the clearances at all possible points of
contact specified in 4.5.2 are ensured by design or checks during service. Where greater motor powers or relative rubbing speeds occurs additional measures are required to control the clearance (e.g. vibration control, see 5.3).
- In this material pairing austenitic steel shall have a mass fraction of at least 16,5 % chrome (see [1], [2]), to minimize the probability of mechanically generated sparks in case of friction. - Even if this alloy generates no sparks it can in case of friction easily generate hot surfaces because of the low thermal conductivity.
8 Stainless steel Stainless steel
9 Any other steel alloy or cast iron Any other steel alloy or cast iron - Paint containing aluminium shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks (EN 1127–1).
10 Any steel alloy Brass CuZn37 Only category 3 allowed - Paint containing aluminium shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks
- Steps shall be taken to ensure that no flying rust particles or flakes can be deposited on surfaces that may come into contact with each other. - Paint containing iron oxides shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks (EN 1127–1). c 5 Aluminium alloy Naval brass CuZn39Sn
c f 6 Aluminium alloy Leaded brass CuZnPb3 / CuZn39Pb
a c 12 Plastic Plastic
- Plastic components shall fulfil the requirements of EN ISO 80079-36. The manufacturer shall give details of the material specification, thermal endurance and electrostatic properties in the technical documentation. Plastic materials for category 2 and category 1 fans d 17 Plastic Any steel alloy or cast iron
d 18 Plastic Stainless steel
d 13 Plastic Naval brass CuZn39Sn - Paint containing aluminium shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks (EN 1127–1). - Paint containing iron oxides shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks d 14 Plastic Aluminium alloy c d 16 Plastic Leaded brass CuZnPb3 a d SIST EN 14986:2017
or nickel based steel alloy - Nickel based alloys shall contain a minimum mass fraction 60 % nickel. Nickel based alloys and nickel based steel alloys shall contain a maximum mass fraction of 4 % in total of magnesium, titanium and zirconium. All alloys shall have a homogeneous structure. - Even if these alloys are non-sparking, they can easily form hot spots due to friction and low heat conductivity. c d - In fans plastic or rubber can be used to produce linings, rings or contact strips, or as extension to metallic parts (e.g. a tip extension to a metallic blade), or to manufacture entirely the impeller, the casing or both. 3 Tin or lead Carbon or stainless steel
or cast iron
- Paint containing aluminium shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks (EN 1127–1). a b 19 Rubber or rubber coated metal Any steel alloy or cast iron or nickel base or - Nickel based alloys shall contain a minimum mass - If the impeller is rubber coated the tip speed shall be limited to 70 m/s. c e SIST EN 14986:2017
e a Use of alloys containing lead may be prohibited or limited by national or local authorities if this may not be acceptable from an environmental point of view. b The use of tin may be the only permissible combination when explosive dust is present (see below) in order to fulfil the temperature requirements given in EN 1127–1. It will melt before dangerous hot surface temperatures are reached. On the other hand, a low melting temperature may represent a risk to touch underlying materials. c Aluminium alloys containing approximately 12 % silicon e.g. silumin are appropriate from an anti-sparking and corrosion viewpoint because the alloy is brittle and breaks on contact and thus prevents rubbing. d Where plastic is chosen, it should be noted that not all grades are automatically permissible, as they have a low heat conductivity leading relatively easily to hot surfaces. It should be noted that the mechanical properties of plastic may limit its use for impellers (see 4.12). e Rubbers may be natural or synthetic. The minimum thickness of the rubber layer shall be in accordance with Table 3. f Naval brass is sometimes designated CuZn38Sn1 as well as CuZn39Sn. SIST EN 14986:2017
a b 3 Cast iron Tin or lead a b 2 Nickel or nickel alloy Tin or lead Nickel based alloys shall contain a minimum mass fraction 60 % nickel. Nickel based alloys and nickel based steel alloys shall contain a maximum mass fraction of 4 % in total of magnesium, titanium and zirconium. All alloys shall have a homogeneous structure. NOTE 1 Even if these alloys are non-sparking, they can easily form hot spots due to friction and low heat conductivity.
a b 4 Aluminium alloys Tin or lead - Steps shall be taken to ensure that no flying rust particles or flakes can be deposited on surfaces that may come into contact with each other - Paint containing iron oxides shall not be used because of the risk of thermite sparks (EN 1127–1)
a b c SIST EN 14986:2017
- Plastic components shall fulfil the requirements of EN ISO 80079-36. The manufacturer shall give details of the material specification, thermal endurance and electrostatic properties in the technical documentation. d e
Plastic materials for category 2 and category 1 fans shall withstand short-term exposure to flames without burning, when tested according to 4.22.
- If the impeller is rubber coated the tip speed shall be limited to 70 m/s.
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이 기사는 잠재적으로 폭발성 대기에서 작동하는 팬의 디자인 요구 사항에 대해 논의합니다. 유럽 표준 EN 14986:2017은 다양한 폭발 그룹 및 범주에서 팬의 구조 요건을 규정합니다. 이 표준은 광업용 팬, 냉각 팬, 회전식 전기 기계 또는 내연 기관의 냉각 팬이나 임펠러에는 적용되지 않습니다. 이 표준은 잠재적으로 폭발성 대기에서 작동하는 완전한 팬 유닛의 디자인, 구조, 시험 및 표시에 대한 요구 사항을 다룹니다. 이 표준은 지정된 압력, 온도, 산소 함량 및 공기 역학적 에너지 요구 사항을 가진 환경대기에서 작동하는 팬에 적용됩니다. 이 표준은 이러한 조건 이외의 환경에서 작동하거나 다른 재료 조합이 필요한 경우에도 도움이 될 수 있지만, 이러한 경우 추가 평가와 시험이 필요합니다. 이 표준은 디젤 엔진, 차량 또는 전동 모터의 일부로 사용되는 통합 팬에는 적용되지 않습니다.
This article discusses the design requirements for fans operating in potentially explosive atmospheres. The European Standard EN 14986:2017 specifies the constructional requirements for fans in different explosion groups and categories. It does not apply to fans for mining, cooling fans, or impellers on rotating electrical machines or internal combustion engines. The standard covers design, construction, testing, and marking of complete fan units for use in potentially explosive atmospheres. It is applicable to fans operating in ambient atmospheres with specific pressure, temperature, oxygen content, and aerodynamic energy requirements. The standard may also be helpful for fans operating outside these conditions or with different material pairings, but additional assessment and testing are necessary in such cases. The standard does not apply to integral fans in Diesel engines, vehicles, or electric motors.
この記事は、潜在的に爆発性のある大気中で作動するファンの設計要件について議論しています。欧州規格EN 14986:2017は、異なる爆発グループとカテゴリーにあるファンの構築要件を規定しています。この規格は、採掘用ファン、冷却ファン、回転電機や内燃機関の冷却ファンやインペラには適用されません。この規格は、爆発性のある大気中で使用するための完成したファンユニットの設計、構築、試験、マーキングに関する要件を定めています。この規格は、特定の圧力、温度、酸素濃度、および空気力学的エネルギー要件を持つ環境大気で作動するファンに適用されます。この規格は、これらの条件外で作動するファンや異なる材料の組み合わせが必要な場合にも役立つかもしれませんが、その場合は追加の評価と試験が必要です。この規格は、ディーゼルエンジン、車両、または電動モーターの一部として組み込まれたファンには適用されません。
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