EN 14825:2018
(Main)Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance
Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance
This European Standard covers air conditioners, heat pumps and liquid chilling packages, including comfort and process chillers. It applies to factory made units defined in EN 14511-1, except single duct, double duct, control cabinet and close control units. It also covers direct expansion-to-water(brine) heat pumps (DX-to-water) as defined in EN 15879-1.
This European Standard also covers hybrid heat pumps as defined in this standard.
This European Standard gives the temperatures and part load conditions and the calculation methods for the determination of seasonal energy efficiency SEER and SEERon, seasonal space cooling energy efficiency ηs,c seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP, SCOPon and SCOPnet, and seasonal space heating energy efficiency ηs,h and seasonal energy performance ratio SEPR.
Such calculation methods may be based on calculated or measured values.
In case of measured values, this European Standard covers the test methods for determination of capacities, EER and COP values during active mode at part load conditions. It also covers test methods for electric power consumption during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off-mode and crankcase heater mode.
NOTE 1 The word "unit" is used instead of the full terms of the products.
NOTE 2 The word "cooling" is used to refer to both space cooling and process cooling.
NOTE 3 The word "heating" is used to refer to space heating.
Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und -kühlung - Prüfung und Leistungsbemessung unter Teillastbedingungen und Berechnung der jahreszeitbedingten Leistungszahl
Das vorliegende Dokument behandelt Luftkonditionierer, Wärmepumpen und Flüssigkeitskühlsätze, einschließlich Komfort- und Prozesskühler. Sie gilt für werksseitig hergestellte Geräte nach EN 14511 1, mit Ausnahme von Einkanal-Luftkonditionierern, Zweikanal-Luftkonditionierern, Schaltschrank-Kühlgeräten und Verfahrens-Luftkonditionierern. Sie behandelt zudem Direktübertragung-Wasser/Sole-Wärmepumpen, wie sie in EN 15879 1 festgelegt sind.
Dieses Dokument behandelt des Weiteren Hybridwärmepumpen, wie sie in dieser Norm definiert werden.
Dieses Dokument enthält die Temperaturen und Teillastbedingungen sowie Berechnungsverfahren zur Ermittlung der saisonalen Arbeitszahl im Kühlbetrieb SEER und SEERon, der jahreszeitbedingten Raum-kühlungs-Energieeffizienz ηs,c, der saisonalen Arbeitszahl im Heizbetrieb SCOP, SCOPon und SCOPnet, der jahreszeitbedingten Raumheizungs-Energieeffizienz ηs,h sowie der Jahres-Energieeffizienz SEPR.
Derartige Berechnungsverfahren können auf Rechen- oder Messwerten beruhen.
Im Fall von Messwerten behandelt dieses Dokument die Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung von Leistungen, EER- und COP-Werten im Aktiv-Modus unter Teillastbedingungen. Außerdem behandelt sie Prüfverfahren zur Ermittlung der Leistungsaufnahme im Modus „Temperaturregler AUS“, im Bereitschaftsmodus, im Modus „Aus“ und im Modus mit Kurbelgehäuseheizung.
ANMERKUNG 1 Das Wort „Gerät“ wird anstelle der vollständigen Produktbezeichnungen verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Das Wort „Kühlung“ bezieht sich sowohl auf die Raumkühlung als auch auf die Prozesskühlung.
ANMERKUNG 3 Das Wort „Heizung“ bezieht sich auf die Raumheizung.
Climatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique pour le chauffage et la réfrigération des locaux - Essais et détermination des caractéristiques à charge partielle et calcul de performance saisonnière
La présente Norme européenne couvre les climatiseurs, les pompes à chaleur et les groupes refroidisseurs de liquide, y compris les refroidisseurs de confort et industriels. Elle s'applique aux appareils fabriqués en usine définis dans l'EN 14511-1, excepté les appareils à simple et à double conduit, les appareils pour armoire de commande et les appareils pour enceinte contrôlée. Elle couvre également les pompes à chaleur à échange direct avec l'eau (glycolée) (DX/eau (glycolée)) telles que définies dans l'EN 15879-1.
La présente Norme européenne couvre également les pompes à chaleur hybrides telles que définies dans la présente Norme.
La présente Norme européenne donne les températures, les conditions de charge partielle et les méthodes de calcul permettant de déterminer l'efficacité énergétique saisonnière SEER et SEERon, l'efficacité énergétique saisonnière du refroidissement des locaux ηs,c, le coefficient de performance saisonnier SCOP, SCOPon et SCOPnet, l'efficacité énergétique saisonnière du chauffage des locaux ηs,h et le coefficient d'efficacité énergétique saisonnier (SEPR)
Ces méthodes de calcul peuvent être fondées sur des valeurs mesurées ou calculées.
Dans le cas de valeurs mesurées, la présente Norme européenne couvre les méthodes d'essai relatives à la détermination des puissances et des valeurs d'EER et de COP pendant le mode actif, dans les conditions de charge partielle. Elle couvre également les méthodes d'essai relatives à la puissance absorbée en mode arrêt par thermostat, en mode veille, en mode arrêt et en mode dispositif de chauffage de carter.
NOTE 1 Le mot "appareil" est utilisé à la place des termes complets des produits.
NOTE 2 Le mot "refroidissement" est utilisé à la fois pour la référence au refroidissement des locaux et au refroidissement industriel.
NOTE 3 Le mot "chauffage" est utilisé pour la référence au chauffage des locaux.
Klimatske naprave, enote za hlajenje kapljevine ter toplotne črpalke za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostora z električnimi kompresorji - Preskušanje in ocenitev ob delni obremenitvi ter izračun letnega učinka
Ta evropski standard se nanaša na klimatske naprave, toplotne črpalke in enote za tekočinsko hlajenje, vključno z ohlajevalniki za prostore in proizvodnjo. Uporablja se za industrijske enote, opredeljene v standardu EN 14511-1, razen za enote z enim vodom, dvema vodoma, enote s stikalno omaro in enote za neposredni nadzor. Vključuje tudi toplotne črpalke z direktno ekspanzijo (slanica) (DX-v-vodo), kot je opredeljeno v standardu EN 15879-1. Ta evropski standard zajema tudi hibridne toplotne črpalke, kot so opredeljene v tem standardu. Ta evropski standard določa temperature in pogoje delne obremenitve ter računske metode za določanje sezonske energetske učinkovitosti SEER in SEERon, sezonsko energetsko učinkovitost hlajenja prostorov ηs,c, sezonski koeficient učinkovitosti SCOP, SCOPon in SCOPnet ter sezonsko energetsko učinkovitost ogrevanja prostorov ηs,h in razmerje sezonske energetske učinkovitosti SEPR. Takšne metode izračuna lahko temeljijo na izračunanih ali izmerjenih vrednostih. V primeru izmerjenih vrednosti ta evropski standard zajema preskusne metode za določanje zmogljivosti, vrednosti EER in COP med aktivnim delovanjem pri pogojih delne obremenitve. Zajema tudi preskusne metode za porabo električne energije enote ob izklopljenem termostatu, v stanju pripravljenosti, ob izklopu in v načinu grelnika ohišja. OPOMBA 1: Namesto celotnih besednih zvez izdelkov se uporablja izraz »enota«. OPOMBA 2: Beseda »hlajenje« se uporablja tako za hlajenje prostorov kot za hlajenje procesov. OPOMBA 3: Beseda »ogrevanje« se uporablja za ogrevanje prostorov.
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 11-Dec-2018
- Withdrawal Date
- 20-Jan-2026
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 113 - Heat pumps and air conditioning units
- Current Stage
- 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
- Start Date
- 13-Jul-2022
- Completion Date
- 21-Jan-2026
Relations
- Effective Date
- 19-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 31-Jul-2019
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 14825:2018 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Air conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance". This standard covers: This European Standard covers air conditioners, heat pumps and liquid chilling packages, including comfort and process chillers. It applies to factory made units defined in EN 14511-1, except single duct, double duct, control cabinet and close control units. It also covers direct expansion-to-water(brine) heat pumps (DX-to-water) as defined in EN 15879-1. This European Standard also covers hybrid heat pumps as defined in this standard. This European Standard gives the temperatures and part load conditions and the calculation methods for the determination of seasonal energy efficiency SEER and SEERon, seasonal space cooling energy efficiency ηs,c seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP, SCOPon and SCOPnet, and seasonal space heating energy efficiency ηs,h and seasonal energy performance ratio SEPR. Such calculation methods may be based on calculated or measured values. In case of measured values, this European Standard covers the test methods for determination of capacities, EER and COP values during active mode at part load conditions. It also covers test methods for electric power consumption during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off-mode and crankcase heater mode. NOTE 1 The word "unit" is used instead of the full terms of the products. NOTE 2 The word "cooling" is used to refer to both space cooling and process cooling. NOTE 3 The word "heating" is used to refer to space heating.
This European Standard covers air conditioners, heat pumps and liquid chilling packages, including comfort and process chillers. It applies to factory made units defined in EN 14511-1, except single duct, double duct, control cabinet and close control units. It also covers direct expansion-to-water(brine) heat pumps (DX-to-water) as defined in EN 15879-1. This European Standard also covers hybrid heat pumps as defined in this standard. This European Standard gives the temperatures and part load conditions and the calculation methods for the determination of seasonal energy efficiency SEER and SEERon, seasonal space cooling energy efficiency ηs,c seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP, SCOPon and SCOPnet, and seasonal space heating energy efficiency ηs,h and seasonal energy performance ratio SEPR. Such calculation methods may be based on calculated or measured values. In case of measured values, this European Standard covers the test methods for determination of capacities, EER and COP values during active mode at part load conditions. It also covers test methods for electric power consumption during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off-mode and crankcase heater mode. NOTE 1 The word "unit" is used instead of the full terms of the products. NOTE 2 The word "cooling" is used to refer to both space cooling and process cooling. NOTE 3 The word "heating" is used to refer to space heating.
EN 14825:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 27.080 - Heat pumps; 91.140.30 - Ventilation and air-conditioning systems. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 14825:2018 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 14825:2016, EN 14825:2022. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN 14825:2018 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2009/125/EC, 2015/1094, 2015/1095, 206/2012, 811/2013, 813/2013; Standardization Mandates: M/488, M/495, M/495_AM1, M/535. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN 14825:2018 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Luftkonditionierer, Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und -kühlung - Prüfung und Leistungsbemessung unter Teillastbedingungen und Berechnung der jahreszeitbedingten LeistungszahlClimatiseurs, groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique pour le chauffage et la réfrigération des locaux - Essais et détermination des caractéristiques à charge partielle et calcul de performance saisonnièreAir conditioners, liquid chilling packages and heat pumps, with electrically driven compressors, for space heating and cooling - Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance91.140.30VLVWHPLVentilation and air-conditioning systems27.080Heat pumps23.120QDSUDYHVentilators. Fans. Air-conditionersICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14825:2018SIST EN 14825:2019en,fr,de01-april-2019SIST EN 14825:2019SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14825:20161DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14825
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{ sä s v rä u r Supersedes EN
s v z t wã t r s xEnglish Version
Air conditionersá liquid chilling packages and heat pumpsá with electrically driven compressorsá for space heating and cooling æ Testing and rating at part load conditions and calculation of seasonal performance Climatiseursá groupes refroidisseurs de liquide et pompes à chaleur avec compresseur entraîné par moteur électrique pour le chauffage et la réfrigération des locaux æ Essais et détermination des caractéristiques à charge partielle et calcul de performance saisonnière
Luftkonditioniererá Flüssigkeitskühlsätze und Wärmepumpen mit elektrisch angetriebenen Verdichtern zur Raumbeheizung und ækühlung æ Prüfung und Leistungsbemessung unter Teillastbedingungen und Berechnung der jahreszeitbedingten Leistungszahl This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t w June
t r s zä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Rue de la Science 23,
B-1040 Brussels
t r s z CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s v z t wã t r s z ESIST EN 14825:2019
Applicable climate bins and hours for air conditioners with rated capacity of
¶ 12 kW for cooling, or heating if the product has no cooling function . 70 A.1 Climate bins . 70 A.1.1 Bin limit temperature . 70 A.1.2 Cooling. 70 A.1.3 Heating . 70 A.2 Hours for active mode, thermostat-off, standby, off mode . 72 A.2.1 Cooling. 72 A.2.2 Heating . 72 A.3 Hours used for crankcase heater mode . 73 A.3.1 Cooling. 73 A.3.2 Heating . 73 Annex B (normative)
Applicable climate bins and hours for air/water(brine)/DX-to-water(brine) heat pumps with a rated heat output
¶ 400kW . 74 B.1 Climate bins . 74 B.1.1 Bin limit temperature . 74 B.1.2 Heating . 74 B.2 Hours for active, thermostat-off, standby and off modes - Heating . 75 B.3 Hours used for crankcase heater mode - Heating . 76 Annex C (normative)
Applicable climate bins and hours for process chillers . 77 C.1 Climate bins . 77 Annex D (normative)
Applicable climate bins and hours for air-to-air units > 12 kW, water(brine)-to-air units and comfort chillers . 79 D.1 Climate bins . 79 D.1.1 Bin limit temperature . 79 D.1.2 Cooling. 79 D.1.3 Heating . 80 D.2 Hours for active, thermostat-off, standby and off modes . 81 D.2.1 Cooling. 81 D.2.2 Heating . 82 D.3 Hours used for crankcase heater mode . 82 D.3.1 Cooling. 82 D.3.2 Heating . 82 Annex E (normative)
Templates for technical documentation . 83 E.1 General . 83 SIST EN 14825:2019
¶ 12 kW . 83 E.3 Space heaters: air-to-water(brine), water(brine)-to-water(brine) and DX-to-water(brine) units
¶ 400kW . 86 E.4 Hybrid heat pumps . 89 E.5 Process Chillers . 91 E.6 Comfort chillers, air-to-air (>12 kW) and water(brine)-to-air air conditioners not exceeding 2 MW . 92 E.7 Air-to-air and water(brine)-to-air heat pumps not exceeding 1 MW . 93 Annex F (informative)
Determination of water(brine) temperature for fixed capacity units with variable outlet temperature . 95 F.1 General . 95 F.2 Test procedure for an air-to-water unit with fixed water flow rate . 95 F.3 Test procedure for an air-to-water unit with variable water flow rate . 97 Annex G (informative)
Calculation example for SEERon and SEER – Application to a reversible air-to-air unit with variable capacity . 99 G.1 Calculation of SEERon . 99 G.2 Calculation of SEER . 101 G.2.1 Calculation of reference annual cooling demand (QC) according to Formula (3) . 101 G.2.2 Calculation of SEER according to Formula (6) . 101 Annex H (informative)
Calculation example for SCOPon and SCOPnet - Application to a fixed capacity air-to-water(brine) heat pump used for low temperature application . 102 Annex I void . 107 Annex J (informative)
Calculation example for SCOPon and SCOPnet – Application to a fixed capacity brine-to-water(brine) heat pump used for medium temperature application . 108 Annex K (informative)
Calculation examples for SCOPon for hybrid heat pumps . 115 K.1 Calculation example for SCOPon for variable speed hybrid heat pump based on heat pump and boiler separated tests . 115 K.2 Calculation example for SCOPon for hybrid heat pump using combined test method . 117 Annex L (informative) Calculation example for SEPR – Application to a process chiller with staged capacity . 119 L.1 Rating performance . 119 Annex M (informative)
Compensation methods for air-to-water(brine) and water(brine)-to-water(brine) units . 122 M.1 General . 122 M.2 Compensation system for reduced capacity test in cooling mode . 122 M.3 Compensation system for reduced capacity test in heating mode . 122 Annex N (normative)
Rating of outdoor units of multi-split air conditioners and heat pumps . 124 N.1 General . 124 SIST EN 14825:2019
Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 206/2012 aimed to be covered . 126 Annex ZB (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) No 813/2013 aimed to be covered . 128 Annex ZC (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the energy labelling requirements of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 811/2013 aimed to be covered . 130 Annex ZD (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the ecodesign requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1095 aimed to be covered . 132 SIST EN 14825:2019
new Annex C for process chillers; n)
new Annex D for air conditioners and air-to-air heat pumps above 12 kW, water(brine)-to-air units and liquid chilling packages; o)
renumbering of Annex C to Annex H EN 14825:2016 EN 14825:2018 Annex C Annex E Annex D Annex F Annex E Annex G Annex F Annex H Annex G Annex J Annex H Annex L p)
new E.3 for hybrid heat pumps, new E.4 for process chillers, new E.5 for comfort chillers and air/water(brine)-to-air and air-conditioners below or equal to 2 MW and E.6 for Air-to-air and water(brine)-to-air heat pumps below or equal to 2 MW; q)
new Annex K for Calculation example for SCOPon for variable speed hybrid heat pump based on heat pump and boiler separated test; r) new Annex N for rating of outdoor units of multi-split air conditioners and heat pumps; s)
modification Annex ZA to reflect the new numbering; t) modification split of Annex ZB into Annex ZB and Annex ZC to reflect the new numbering and the different scheme of annexes for ecodesign and ecolabelling; u) new informative Annex ZD, Relationship between this European Standard and the requirements of Commission Regulation (EU) 2015/1095 of 5 May 2015. NOTE Some modifications listed above were drafted in anticipation of Commission Regulation 2016/2281. According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14825:2019
IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp 3.1.1 active mode mode corresponding to the hours with a cooling or heating load of the building and whereby the cooling or heating function of the unit is activated Note 1 to entry:
This condition may involve on/off-cycling of the unit in order to reach or maintain a required indoor air temperature. 3.1.2 active mode seasonal coefficient of performance SCOPon average coefficient of performance of the unit in active mode for the designated heating season, determined from the part load, supplementary heating capacity (where required) and bin-specific coefficients of performance (COPbin(Tj)) and weighted by the bin hours where the bin condition occurs Note 1 to entry:
For calculation of SCOPon, the energy consumption during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off mode and crankcase heater mode are excluded. The energy consumption of a supplementary heater is added for the part load conditions where the declared capacity of the unit is lower than the heating load, regardless whether this supplementary heater is included in the unit or not included in the unit. Note 2 to entry:
Expressed in kWh/kWh. 3.1.3 active mode seasonal energy efficiency ratio SEERon average energy efficiency ratio of the unit in active mode for the cooling function, determined from part load and bin-specific energy efficiency ratios (EERbin(Tj)) and weighted by the bin hours where the bin condition occurs Note 1 to entry:
For calculation of SEERon, energy consumption during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off mode and that of the crankcase heater is excluded. Note 2 to entry:
Expressed in kWh/kWh. 3.1.4 annual energy consumption for space cooling QCE energy consumption required to meet the reference annual cooling demand and calculated as the reference annual space cooling demand divided by the active mode seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEERon) and the energy consumption of the unit for thermostat-off-, standby-, off- and crankcase heater-mode during the cooling season Note 1 to entry: Expressed in kWh. SIST EN 14825:2019
Expressed in kWh. 3.1.6 average climate conditions temperature conditions characteristic for the city of Strasbourg for the heating season 3.1.7 bin outdoor temperature interval of 1 K 3.1.8 bin hours hj hours per season for which an outdoor temperature occurs for each bin j 3.1.9 bin limit temperature temperature in the bin for which no more heating or cooling is required Note 1 to entry:
The bin limit temperature equals 16 °C for all climates in space cooling and space heating applications. 3.1.10 bin-specific coefficient of performance COPbin(Tj) coefficient of performance specific for every bin j with outdoor temperature Tj in a season 3.1.11 bin-specific energy efficiency ratio EERbin(Tj) energy efficiency ratio specific for every bin j with outdoor temperature Tj in a season 3.1.12 bin temperature Tj outdoor air dry bulb temperature Note to entry 1: Expressed in °C Note to entry 2: The relative humidity may be indicated by a corresponding wet bulb temperature 3.1.13 bivalent temperature Tbiv lowest outdoor temperature point at which the unit is declared to have a capacity able to meet 100 % of the heating load without supplementary heater, whether it is integrated in the unit or not SIST EN 14825:2019
Below this point, the unit may still provide capacity, but additional supplementary heating is necessary to fulfil the full heating load. Note 2 to entry:
Bivalent temperature does not apply to hybrid heat pumps. 3.1.14 capacity control ability of the unit to change its capacity by changing the volumetric flow rate of the refrigerant Note 1 to entry: Units are indicated as ‘fixed’ if the unit cannot change its volumetric flow rate, 'staged' if the volumetric flow rate is changed or varied in series of not more than two steps, or 'variable' if the volumetric flow rate is changed or varied i
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