EN 13906-3:2014
(Main)Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 3: Torsion springs
Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 3: Torsion springs
This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1.
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Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drähten und Stäben - Berechnung und Konstruktion - Teil 3: Drehfedern
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für die Berechnung und Konstruktion von kalt- und warmgeformten zylindrischen Drehfedern, auch Schenkelfedern genannt, mit linearer Kennlinie aus runden Drähten und Stäben mit konstantem Durchmesser mit Werten nach Tabelle 1.
Tabelle 1
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Ressorts hélicoïdaux cylindriques fabriqués à partir de fils ronds et de barres - Calcul et conception - Partie 3: Ressorts de torsion
Le présent document spécifie le calcul et la conception des ressorts de torsion hélicoïdaux cylindriques enroulés à froid et à chaud de caractéristiques linéaires fabriqués à partir de fils ronds et de barres, de diamètre constant ayant les valeurs du Tableau 1.
Vijačne valjaste vzmeti iz okrogle žice in palic - Izračun in načrtovanje - 3. del: Torzijske vzmeti
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN 13906-3:2014 is the CEN European standard for the calculation and design of cylindrical helical torsion springs made from round wire and bar. Part 3 of the EN 13906 series, this document covers cold and hot coiled torsion springs with linear characteristics and defines design limits (wire/bar diameters, number of active coils, spring index) and calculation methods needed for safe, repeatable spring design. EN 13906-3:2014 supersedes EN 13906-3:2001 and was approved by CEN in November 2013.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Scope and limits: Applies to torsion springs made from round wire/bar of constant diameter with parameter ranges given in Table 1 (e.g., cold‑coiled: d ≤ 20 mm; hot‑coiled: d ≥ 10 mm; active coils n ≥ 2; spring index w typically 4 ≤ w ≤ 20 for cold‑coiled and 4 ≤ w ≤ 12 for hot‑coiled).
- Design fundamentals: Defines theoretical torsion spring diagrams and the principal geometric parameters (wire diameter, coil diameters, developed length, number of active coils, torsional angle, spring torque and angular spring rate).
- Ends and mounting: Guidance on end forms and fixing - tangential ends recommended for economical manufacture, and clamping of ends is advised for consistent behaviour. Minimum internal bending radius at ends shall not be smaller than the wire diameter (r ≥ d). Straight end lengths between bends should be at least 3·d.
- Clearances and guides: Provides recommendations and formulae for mandrel and housing diameters and required clearances when springs are guided or supported.
- Stress and fatigue: Introduces the stress correction factor q, methods to compute uncorrected and corrected bending stresses, and procedures for establishing permissible bending stress under static/quasi‑static and dynamic (fatigue) loading.
- Material and normative references: References material and test standards (e.g., EN 10089, EN 10270 parts 1–3, EN 12166, EN ISO 26909) used for material properties and terminology.
Applications and Who Uses It
- Spring designers and mechanical engineers designing torsion springs for hinges, latches, clutches, actuators and rotary mechanisms.
- Spring manufacturers developing production drawings, calculating life and strength, and specifying end forms and heat treatment.
- Component specifiers and purchasers who need standardized design and testing criteria.
- Test laboratories and certification bodies that verify compliance with European practice for torsion spring design.
Related Standards
- EN 13906 series (Part 1: Compression springs; Part 2: Extension springs)
- EN 10089 (hot‑rolled steels for quenched & tempered springs)
- EN 10270‑1/2/3 (spring steel wires)
- EN 12166 (copper alloy wire)
- EN ISO 26909:2010 (springs vocabulary)
- ISO 26910‑1 (shot peening procedures)
EN 13906-3:2014 is essential when you need harmonized, practical rules for safe, repeatable design and calculation of cylindrical helical torsion springs in European applications.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drähten und Stäben - Berechnung und Konstruktion - Teil 3: DrehfedernRessorts hélicoïdaux cylindriques fabriqués à partir de fils ronds et de barres - Calcul et conception - Partie 3: Ressorts de torsionCylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 3: Torsion springs21.160VzmetiSpringsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13906-3:2014SIST EN 13906-3:2014en,fr,de01-april-2014SIST EN 13906-3:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13906-3:20091DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13906-3
January 2014 ICS 21.160 Supersedes EN 13906-3:2001English Version
Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 3: Torsion springs
Ressorts hélicoïdaux cylindriques fabriqués à partir de fils ronds et de barres - Calcul et conception - Partie 3: Ressorts de torsion
Zylindrische Schraubenfedern aus runden Drähten und Stäben - Berechnung und Konstruktion - Teil 3: DrehfedernThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 November 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13906-3:2014 ESIST EN 13906-3:2014
≥ 2 n
≥ 2 Spring index 4 ≤ w ≤ 20 4 ≤ w ≤ 12 a The user of this European Standard shall pay attention to the design of hot coiled springs, because there can be differences between the design and a real test. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 10089, Hot-rolled steels for quenched and tempered springs - Technical delivery conditions EN 10270-1, Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 1: Patented cold drawn unalloyed spring steel wire EN 10270-2, Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 2: Oil hardened and tempered spring steel wire EN 10270-3, Steel wire for mechanical springs - Part 3: Stainless spring steel wire EN 12166, Copper and copper alloys - Wire for general purposes EN ISO 26909:2010, Springs - Vocabulary (ISO 26909:2009) ISO 26910-1, Springs - Shot peening - Part 1: General procedures 3 Terms and definitions, symbols, units and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 26909:2010 and the following apply. 3.1.1 spring mechanical device designed to store energy when deflected and to return the equivalent amount of energy when released [SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 1.1] 3.1.2 torsion spring spring that offers resistance to a twisting moment around the longitudinal axis of the spring [SOURCE: EN ISO 26909:2010, 1.4] SIST EN 13906-3:2014
mm mean diameter of coil dD mm mandrel diameter eD mm outside diameter of the spring eDα mm outside coil diameter of the spring when deflected through and angle . in the direction of the coiling hD mm housing diameter iD mm inside diameter of the spring iαD mm inside coil diameter of the spring when deflected through and angle . in the direction of the coiling pD mm test mandrel diameter d mm nominal diameter of wire (or bar) maxd mm upper deviation of d Rd mm diameter of loading pins E N/mm2 (MPa) modulus of elasticity (or Young's modulus) F N spring force .
,21FF N spring forces for the torsional angles .
,21ααand related lever arms BA ,RRat ambient temperature of 20 °C nF N spring force for the maximum permissible angle nαand the lever arms BA ,RR KL mm body length of the unloaded spring for close-coiled springs (excluding ends) K0L mm body length of the unloaded spring for open-coiled springs (excluding ends) KLα mm body length of close-coiled spring deflected through an angle . (excluding ends) l mm developed length of active coils (excluding ends)
,BAll mm length of ends M N mm spring torque SIST EN 13906-3:2014
,21MM N mm spring torque for the angles .
,21ααand related lever arms BA ,RRat ambient temperature of 20 °C nM N mm spring torque for the maximum permissible angle, .n maxM N mm maximum spring torque, which occurs occasionally in practice, in test or during assembly of the spring N - number of cycles up to rupture n - number of active coils q - stress correction factor (depending on D/d)
, ,BARRR mm effective lever arms of spring mR N/mm2 (MPa) minimum value of the tensile strength MRR Nmm/Deg angular spring rate (increase of spring torque per unit angular deflection) nBA .
, ,rrrr mm inner bending radii W mm3 sectional moment W N mm spring work =Dwd
- spring index z - decimal values of the number of active coils n α Deg torsional angle .
,21αα Deg torsional angle corresponding to spring torque M1, M2 . to the spring forces F1, F2 . nα Deg maximum permissible torsional angle α′ Deg corrected torsional angle . in the case of a long, unclamped radial end α′′ Deg corrected torsional angle . in the case of a long, unclamped tangential end hα Deg angular deflection of spring (stroke) between two positions
and 21αα maxα Deg maximum torsional angle which occurs occasionally in practice, in test or by mounting of the spring β Deg increase of
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13906-3:2014 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cylindrical helical springs made from round wire and bar - Calculation and design - Part 3: Torsion springs". This standard covers: This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1. (...)
This European Standard specifies the calculation and design of cold and hot coiled cylindrical helical torsion springs with a linear characteristic, made from round wire and bar of constant diameter with values according to Table 1. (...)
EN 13906-3:2014 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 21.160 - Springs. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13906-3:2014 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 13906-3:2001. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 13906-3:2014 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
SIST EN 13906-3:2014は、円形ワイヤーおよびバーから作製された冷間および熱間コイルの円筒状ヘリカルねじりバネの計算と設計を規定する欧州規格です。この標準は、特に定常状態の特性を持つねじりバネの設計に重点を置き、一貫した直径の素材に基づいた数値を提供します。 この文書の強みは、ねじりバネの設計に関する詳細な計算手法と、材料の選定に対する明確なガイドラインが含まれている点です。具体的には、表1に示された直径に応じた材料特性を利用することで、エンジニアは信頼性の高いバネを設計するための基盤を得ることができます。また、冷間および熱間コイル製造方法における異なる特性を考慮しており、広範な適用性を持つ点が注目されます。 この標準の関連性は、製造業や機械設計分野において、ねじりバネの性能を最適化するための基準となることです。不適切な設計や材料選定による故障を防ぐことができるため、産業界全体における安全性と信頼性の向上に寄与します。SIST EN 13906-3:2014は、エンジニアや設計者にとって必須の基準として、自信を持って利用されるべきです。
The EN 13906-3:2014 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the calculation and design of cylindrical helical torsion springs made from round wire and bar. This standard specifically addresses both cold and hot coiled torsion springs, which are integral components in various mechanical systems, ensuring reliable performance under torsional loads. One of the key strengths of this standard is its clarity in defining the specifications for the linear characteristics of these springs. By detailing the requirements for springs made from round wire and bar of constant diameter, the standard ensures that manufacturers can produce consistent and high-quality products. The inclusion of specific values, as indicated in Table 1, enhances the usability of the standard, guiding designers in selecting the appropriate materials and dimensions for their applications. Furthermore, EN 13906-3:2014 emphasizes the importance of proper calculation methods, ensuring that the design process adheres to established engineering principles. This focus on accuracy contributes to the strength and reliability of the torsion springs designed under its guidance. The standard’s relevance extends to various industries, including automotive, aerospace, and industrial machinery, where torsion springs play a crucial role in the functionality of mechanical devices. Overall, the EN 13906-3:2014 standard is a vital resource for engineers and manufacturers involved in the design of cylindrical helical torsion springs. Its thorough approach to calculation and design, coupled with its emphasis on quality and precision, solidifies its position as a critical reference document within the engineering community.
표준 EN 13906-3:2014는 원형 와이어 및 바에서 제조된 원통형 나선형 토션 스프링에 대한 계산 및 설계를 명확하게 규정하고 있습니다. 이 표준의 범위는 냉간 및 열간 나선형 토션 스프링의 설계와 관련된 기본적인 특성을 포함하며, Table 1에 따라 일정한 직경을 가진 원형 와이어 및 바에서 제작된 스프링의 특성값을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 토션 스프링의 설계 및 계산을 위한 체계적이고 일관된 접근 방식을 제공한다는 점입니다. 표준은 스프링의 성능을 예측할 수 있는 명확한 기준을 설정하여 엔지니어들이 보다 효과적으로 스프링을 설계하고 생산할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 또한, 이 표준은 다양한 산업 분야에서의 토션 스프링 응용에 적합하며, 안전성과 신뢰성을 확보하는 데 기여합니다. EN 13906-3:2014는 나선형 스프링 관련 기술적 내용이 뛰어나며, 설계 과정에서 반드시 고려해야 할 다양한 요소들을 포함하고 있습니다. 따라서 이 표준은 나선형 스프링의 품질 보증 및 성능 향상을 위한 중요한 기준으로 작용합니다. 현대의 기계 설계 및 제조 공정에서 토션 스프링의 중요성은 지속적으로 증가하고 있으며, 이 표준의 적용은 스프링 기술의 발전에 큰 도움을 줄 것입니다. 결과적으로, EN 13906-3:2014는 나선형 토션 스프링의 계산 및 설계에 대한 포괄적인 지침을 제공하여 관련 업계의 기술적 요구 사항을 효과적으로 충족시키는 데 큰 기여를 하고 있습니다. 이 표준은 스프링 설계자와 엔지니어들이 신뢰할 수 있는 참조 자료를 제공하며, 이로 인해 스프링 설계의 일관성과 품질이 향상됩니다.
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