EN 15316-2-1:2007

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 2-1: Space heating emission systemsSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et d'efficacité des systemes - Partie 2-1: Systemes d'émission de chauffage des locauxHeizsysteme in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung des Energiebedarfs und der Nutzungsgrade der Systeme - Teil 2-1: Wärmeabgabesysteme für die RaumheizungTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-2-1:2007SIST EN 15316-2-1:2007en91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-2-1:200701-november-2007

EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15316-2-1July 2007ICS 91.140.10 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Method for calculation of systemenergy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 2-1: Spaceheating emission systemsSystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements dessystèmes - Partie 2-1 : Systèmes d'émission de chauffagedes locauxHeizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnungder Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrad der Anlagen -Teil 2-1: Wärmeübergabesysteme für die RaumheizungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 24 June 2007.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2007 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15316-2-1:2007: E

Energy losses of the heat emission system,
adapted from German regulation DIN 18599.20 A.1 Heat emission.20 A.2 Efficiencies for free heating surfaces (radiators); room heights ≤ 4 m.22 A.3 Efficiencies for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters) (room heights ≤ 4 m).24 A.4 Efficiencies for electrical heating (room heights ≤4 m).26 A.5 Efficiencies air heating (non-domestic ventilation systems) (room heights ≤ 4 m).27 A.6 Efficiencies for room spaces with heights ≥4 m (large indoor space buildings).28 A.7 Efficiencies for room spaces with heights > 10 m.29 Annex B (informative)
Equivalent increase in internal temperature - adapted from the French regulation RT2005.31 B.1 General.31 B.2 Zones.31 B.3 Spatial variation of temperature due to stratification.31 B.4 Variation of temperature due to control.32

Auxiliary energy.34 C.1 General.34 C.2 Large indoor space buildings (h > 4 m).35 Bibliography.38

prEN 15316 standards on methods for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems in buildings. This European Standard specifies the structure for calculation of the system energy losses and energy requirements of a heat emission system for meeting the building net energy demand. The calculation method is used for the following applications:  calculation of the system energy losses of the heat emission system;  optimisation of the energy performance of a planned heat emission system, by applying the method to several possible options;  assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing heat emission system, by calculation of the energy requirements with and without the energy conservation measure implemented. The user needs to refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard.

(ISO 13790:2004) 3 Terms and definitions, symbols and units 3.1 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995 and the following apply. 3.1.1 calculation period period of time over which the calculation is performed NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.

Symbol Quantity Unit A area m2 b temperature reduction factor - E energy in general, including primary energy, energy carriers (except quantity of heat, mechanical work and auxiliary (electrical) energy) J f factor - y gain/loss ratio - k part of recoverable auxiliary energy -
L steady state part of heat loss % Q quantity of heat J R thermal resistance m2·K/W t time, period of time s T thermodynamic temperature K U thermal transmittance W/m2·K W auxiliary (electrical) energy, mechanical work J Φ heat flow rate, thermal power W η efficiency factor -
utilisation factor - θ Celsius temperature °C

pmp pump ctr control im intermittent
rad radiant del delivered in input (to system) rbl recoverable e external inc increased rvd recovered el electricity
int internal str stratification em emission
ls loss ut utilised emb embedded
mn mean (time or space) ∆ additional
fan fan nrbl not recoverable
G ground nrvd not recovered
4 Relation to other EPBD-standards The present standard follows the general concept outlined in EN 15316-1. The user shall refer to other European Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed calculation procedures not provided by this European Standard. The interaction with other standards is shown in Figure 1. The method for calculation of the building net heating energy is provided by EN ISO 13790. The results of calculations according to this European Standard are used as input data in EN 15316-2-3 for calculations of the space heating distribution sub-system and in EN 15316-4-x for calculations of heat generators. More detailed information on control systems can be found in EN 15232.

Figure 1 — Sample sub-system for heat emission (for the symbols used, refer to 3.2)

Qem,in = Qem,out
-
k · Wem,aux
+
Qem,ls [J] (1) where Qem,out is the thermal output of the heat emission system in Joule (J). This is equal to the net heating energy of the building, QH (EN ISO 13790); k
is the recovered part of auxiliary energy (-);

are the system thermal losses in Joule (J); Wem,aux is the auxiliary energy in Joule (J). 5.3 Auxiliary energy Wem,aux Auxiliary energy, normally in the form of electrical energy, is used for fans which facilitate the heat emission (fan coil), valves and control. Parts of the auxiliary energy may be recovered directly in the heat emission system as heat Qem,aux,rvd :
Qem,aux,rvd = k · Wem,aux [J]
(2) 5.4 Recoverable system thermal losses Qem,ls,rbl and non-recoverable system thermal losses Qem,ls,nrbl Not all of the calculated system thermal losses, Qem,ls are necessarily lost. Some of the losses are recoverable for space heating. However, only parts of the recoverable system thermal losses are actually recovered. This depends on the utilisation factor (gain/loss ratio), because if the gains of a heated space are very high in comparison with the losses of the space, only few gains can be recovered (see EN ISO 13790). For the heat emission system, only parts of the auxiliary energy may be recoverable for space heating (and are taken into account by Qem,ls,rbl ). Heat losses to an unheated space or to the outside (embedded, back of radiator) are regarded as losses. 5.5 Heat demand for space heating, building heat requirement QH The heat use of the building or a part of the building, QH, shall be calculated according to EN ISO 13790 or similar national method as:
QH = Qls -
· Qgn [J] (3) where Qls are the heat losses in Joule (J); Qgn are the heat gains in Joule (J);
is the utilisation factor (-). This calculation takes into account the heat losses of the building envelope and the recovered part of the total heat gains (metabolic gains from occupants, power consumption of lighting devices, household appliances and solar gains). However, it does not take into account the system thermal losses due to non-uniform temperature distribution, control inefficiencies, recoverable losses and auxiliary energy. Depending on the input data chosen for the set-point temperature, EN ISO 13790 provides a method to calculate directly the sum of the heat demand and the heat losses of the heat emission system, without differentiating one from the other. The way to determine an increased internal temperature, for taking into account the system thermal losses, is defined in the present standard. The effects of intermittent space heating with an ideal programming device, can be calculated according to
EN ISO 13790 and are taken into account in determination of the heat demand, QH. The effect of a non-ideal space temperature control is taken into account in the present standard.

Qem,ls = Qem,str + Qem,emb + Qem,ctr
[J] (4) where Qem,str
is the heat loss due to non-uniform temperature distribution in Joule (J); Qem,emb
is the heat loss due to heat emitter position (e.g. embedded) in Joule (J); Qem,ctr
is the heat loss due to control of indoor temperature in Joule (J). Methods for calculation of these heat losses are given in Clause 7. 5.7 Calculation periods The objective of the calculation is to determine the annual energy demand of the space heating emission system. This may be done in one of the following two different ways:  by using annual data for the system operation period and performing the calculations using annual average values;  by dividing the year into a number of calculation periods (e.g. year, month, week, day, hour, boosted sub-period), performing the calculations for each period using period-dependent values and sum up the results for all the periods over the year. 5.8 Splitting or branching of the space heating system A heating system may, as required, be split up in zones with different heat emission systems, and the heat loss calculations can be applied individually for each zone. The considerations given in EN 15316-1 regarding splitting up or branching of the heating system shall be followed. If the principle of adding up the heat losses is respected, it is always possible to combine zones with different heat emission systems. 6 Energy calculation for a heat emission system 6.1 General Detailed methods for calculation of system energy losses of the heat emission system are given in the following. This concept is subsequently exemplified by two different approaches in Clause 7, with accompanying default values being provided in informative annexes:  method using efficiencies, see 7.2 and Annex A;  method using equivalent internal temperature, see 7.3 and Annex B. A method for calculation of the auxiliary energy is provided in Annex C and can be applied with both above methods.

Figure 2 — Effects due to non-uniform temperature distribution and position of heat emitter The heat loss due to a non-uniform temperature distribution is calculated using the general equation for transmission heat loss, taking into account the increased internal temperature, θ int,inc, and the increased heat transfer coefficient, which is included in the U-value, Uinc, of the surface area exposed:
Qem,str =Σ A · Uinc · (θint,inc - θe) · t
[J] (5) where A
is the area of the ceiling, outside wall behind heat emitter or window in square metres (m²); Uinc
is calculated from the insulation of the surface and the surface thermal transmittance coefficient in Watts per square metre per Kelvin (W/m²·K). This is influenced by e.g. the convective air flow from the heat emitter, reflective material behind the heat emitter;

is the locally increased internal temperature in degrees Celsius (°C) which is a function of the heat emission system and the surface temperature or the supply air temperature; θe
is the external temperature in degrees Celsius (°C); t is the time in hours (h). Calculation of the net energy use according to EN ISO 13790 is based on the assumption that air temperature and mean radiant temperature are equal and uniformly distributed. For systems with a significant part of radiant heating and spaces with large cold surfaces, the mean radiant temperature may differ significantly from the air temperature. This will for convective systems result in an increased ventilation heat loss and for radiant heating systems result in a decreased ventilation heat loss. The calculations in this European Standard are simplified by using tabulated values, see informative
Annexes A, B and C. 6.3
Heat loss due to embedded surface heating devices The additional energy loss is caused by additional transmission to the outside and applies to floor heating, ceiling heating and wall heating systems and similar. However, this is only considered as a loss, when one side of the building part containing the embedded heating device is facing the outside, the ground, an unheated space or a space belonging to another building unit (Figure 2). If embedded heat emitters with different characteristics (e.g. insulation) are used in the heatin
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