EN ISO 13790:2008
(Main)Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008)
Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008)
ISO 13790:2008 gives calculation methods for assessment of the annual energy use for space heating and cooling of a residential or a non-residential building, or a part of it, referred to as “the building”.
This method includes the calculation of:
the heat transfer by transmission and ventilation of the building zone when heated or cooled to constant internal temperature;
the contribution of internal and solar heat gains to the building heat balance;
the annual energy needs for heating and cooling, to maintain the specified set-point temperatures in the building – latent heat not included;
the annual energy use for heating and cooling of the building, using input from the relevant system standards referred to in ISO 13790:2008 and specified in Annex A.
ISO 13790:2008 also gives an alternative simple hourly method, using hourly user schedules (such as temperature set-points, ventilation modes or operation schedules of movable solar shading).
Procedures are given for the use of more detailed simulation methods to ensure compatibility and consistency between the application and results of the different types of method. ISO 13790:2008 provides, for instance, common rules for the boundary conditions and physical input data irrespective of the calculation approach chosen.
ISO 13790:2008 has been developed for buildings that are, or are assumed to be, heated and/or cooled for the thermal comfort of people, but can be used for other types of building or other types of use (e.g. industrial, agricultural, swimming pool), as long as appropriate input data are chosen and the impact of special physical conditions on the accuracy is taken into consideration.
The calculation procedures in ISO 13790:2008 are restricted to sensible heating and cooling. The energy use due to humidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of ventilation systems, as specified in Annex A; similarly, the energy use due to dehumidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of space cooling systems, as specified in Annex A.
ISO 13790:2008 is applicable to buildings at the design stage and to existing buildings. The input data directly or indirectly called for by ISO 13790:2008 should be available from the building files or the building itself. If this is not the case, it is explicitly stated at relevant places in ISO 13790:2008 that it may be decided at national level to allow for other sources of information. In this case, the user reports which input data have been used and from which source. Normally, for the assessment of the energy performance for an energy performance certificate, a protocol is defined at national or regional level to specify the type of sources of information and the conditions when they may be applied instead of the full required input.
Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Berechnung des Energiebedarfs für Heizung und Kühlung (ISO 13790:2008)
Diese Norm enthält Berechnungsverfahren für die Ermittlung des Jahresenergiebedarfs für die Raumheizung und -kühlung eines Wohngebäudes oder eines Nichtwohngebäudes oder Teile davon, im Folgenden als „das Gebäude“ bezeichnet.
Dieses Verfahren umfasst die Berechnung:
a) der Wärmeübertragung der Gebäudezone durch Transmission und Lüftung, wenn die Gebäudezone so geheizt bzw. gekühlt wird, dass eine konstante Innentemperatur beibehalten wird;
b) des Beitrages der inneren und solaren Wärmeeinträge zur Wärmebilanz des Gebäudes;
c) des jährlichen Energiebedarfs für Heizung und Kühlung zur Aufrechterhaltung der festgelegten Soll¬temperaturen im Gebäude, ohne Berücksichtigung von latenter Wärme;
d) der jährlich zur Heizung und Kühlung des Gebäudes benötigen Energie, unter Anwendung der Eingangsdaten der entsprechenden Systemnormen, auf die in dieser Internationalen Norm verwiesen wird und die in Anhang A festgelegt sind.
Das Gebäude kann verschiedene Zonen mit unterschiedlichen Solltemperaturen sowie intermittierenden Heiz und Kühlbetrieb aufweisen.
Bei dem Berechnungszeitraum handelt es sich entweder um einen Monat oder um um eine Stunde. Bei Wohngebäuden kann die Berechnung auch auf der Grundlage der Heiz und/oder der Kühlperiode durchgeführt werden.
Diese Norm enthält auch ein alternatives vereinfachtes Stundenverfahren, bei dem stundenbezogene Nutzungsprofile (z. B. Zeitschemata hinsichtlich der Temperatursollwerte und Lüftungsverfahren oder des Betriebs beweglicher Sonnenschutzeinrichtungen) angewendet werden.
Verfahren für die Anwendung ausführlicherer Simulationsverfahren zur Sicherstellung der Kompatibilität und Übereinstimmung zwischen der Anwendung und den Ergebnissen der verschiedenen Verfahrenstypen sind angegeben. Diese Internationale Norm enthält beispielsweise allgemeine Regeln für die Grenzbedingungen und die physikalischen Eingangsdaten, die vom gewählten Berechnungsansatz unabhängig sind.
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Calcul des besoins d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement des locaux (ISO 13790:2008)
L'ISO 13790:2008 présente des méthodes de calcul pour l'évaluation de la consommation annuelle d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement des locaux d'un bâtiment résidentiel ou non résidentiel, ou d'une partie de celui-ci, qui sera désigné par «le bâtiment».
Cette méthode comprend le calcul: a) du transfert de chaleur par transmission et par renouvellement d'air de la zone du bâtiment lorsqu'elle est chauffée ou refroidie à une température interne de consigne; b) de la contribution des apports de chaleur internes et solaires au bilan énergétique du bâtiment; c) des besoins énergétiques annuels pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, pour maintenir les températures de consigne spécifiées dans le bâtiment ? chaleur latente non incluse; et d) de la consommation annuelle d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement du bâtiment, en utilisant les données d'entrée issues des normes pertinentes relatives à ces systèmes mentionnées dans la présente Norme internationale et spécifiées à l'Annexe A.
Le bâtiment peut comporter plusieurs zones ayant des températures de consigne différentes, et peut présenter un chauffage et un refroidissement intermittents.
Le pas de calcul est d'un mois ou d'une heure. Pour les bâtiments résidentiels, le calcul peut aussi être effectué sur la base de la saison de chauffage et/ou de refroidissement.
L'ISO 13790:2008 donne également une autre méthode horaire simple, en utilisant les programmations horaires des utilisateurs (telles que températures de consigne, régimes de ventilation ou programmes de fonctionnement des dispositifs de protection solaire (ombrage) amovibles).
Des procédures sont également données pour l'utilisation de méthodes de simulation plus détaillées pour assurer la compatibilité et la cohérence entre l'application et les résultats des différents types de méthode. La présente Norme internationale fournit, par exemple, des règles communes pour les conditions limites et les données d'entrée physiques, indépendamment de la méthode de calcul choisie.
L'ISO 13790:2008 a été élaborée pour des bâtiments qui sont, ou sont supposés être, chauffés et/ou refroidis pour assurer le confort thermique des personnes, mais peut être utilisée pour d'autres types de bâtiment ou d'autres types d'utilisation (par exemple bâtiments industriels, agricoles, piscine), tant que les données d'entrée appropriées sont choisies et que l'impact des conditions physiques particulières sur la précision est pris en compte.
Selon le but du calcul, il peut être décidé à l'échelle nationale de fournir des règles de calcul spécifiques pour les locaux dans lesquels les apports de chaleur par des processus ou des procédés sont prédominants (par exemple piscine couverte, salle informatique/salle de serveurs informatiques ou cuisine d'un restaurant).
Les procédures de calcul de l'ISO 13790:2008 sont limitées au chauffage et au refroidissement sensibles. La consommation d'énergie liée à l'humidification est calculée dans la norme pertinente relative à la performance énergétique des systèmes de ventilation, telle que spécifiée à l'Annexe A; de la même manière, la consommation d'énergie liée à la déshumidification est calculée dans la norme pertinente relative à la performance énergétique des systèmes de refroidissement des locaux, telle que spécifiée à l'Annexe A.
Le calcul n'est pas utilisé pour décider de la nécessité d'un refroidissement mécanique.
L'ISO 13790:2008 s'applique aux bâtiments au stade de la conception
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Račun rabe energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov (ISO 13790:2008)
V tem mednarodnem standardu so podane računske metode za oceno letne rabe energije za
ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov v stanovanjski ali nestanovanjski stavbi ali njenem delu, za katere se bo tu uporabljal izraz “stavba”.
Ta metoda obsega izračune za:
a) prenos toplote zaradi prehoda in prezračevanja cone stavbe, ko je ogrevana ali hlajena na
konstantno notranjo temperaturo;
b) prispevek dobitkov notranjih virov in dobitkov sončnega sevanja k toplotni bilanci stavbe;
c) potrebno letno energijo za ogrevanje in hlajenje, za vzdrževanje določene nastavljene
temperature – latentna toplota ni všteta;
d) letno rabo energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje stavbe z uporabo podatkov iz ustreznih sistemskih
standardov, ki so zajeti v tem mednarodnem standardu in podrobno navedeni v dodatku A. Stavba ima lahko več con z različnimi nastavljenimi temperaturami in ima lahko prekinjeno ogrevanje ali hlajenje. Računsko obdobje je lahko en mesec ali ena ura. Za stanovanjske stavbe se izračuni lahko naredijo tudi na osnovi ogrevalne in/ali ohlajevalne sezone. V tem mednarodnem standardu je podana tudi alternativna enostavna urna metoda, ki uporablja urne nastavitve uporabnikov (kot npr. nastavljene temperature, načine prezračevanja ali načrte delovanja premičnih senčil). Podani so postopki za uporabo podrobnejših simulacijskih metod za zagotavljanje skladnosti in doslednosti med uporabo in rezultati različnih metod. V tem mednarodnem standardu so določena na primer splošna pravila za pogoje mej in fizičnih vhodnih podatkov ne glede na izbrani način izračuna. Posebna pozornost je bila posvečena primernosti tega mednarodnega standarda za uporabo v okviru nacionalne ali regionalne gradbene zakonodaje. To vključuje izračun ocene energijskih lastnosti stavbe na osnovi standardiziranih pogojev za pridobitev energetske izkaznice. Rezultat ima lahko pravne posledice, še posebej, kadar se na podlagi tega rezultata presoja usklajenost ravni minimalnih energijskih lastnosti, ki se, na primer, lahko zahteva pri pridobivanju gradbenega dovoljenja. Za tako uporabo je pomembno, da so izračuni energijskih lastnosti nedvoumni, ponovljivi in preverljivi. Posebna situacija nastopi pri izračunu energijskih lastnosti v primeru starih obstoječih stavb, če bi zbiranje vseh zahtevanih podatkov predstavljalo preveliko količino dela v ta namen, odvisno od povezave med stroški in učinkovitostjo pri zbiranju podatkov. V takem primeru je pomembno, da postopki izračuna zagotovijo pravilno razmerje med natančnostjo in stroški zbiranja podatkov.
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 29-Feb-2008
- Withdrawal Date
- 20-Jan-2026
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 89 - Thermal performance of buildings and building components
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 89/WG 4 - Energy use of buildings
- Current Stage
- 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
- Start Date
- 19-Jul-2017
- Completion Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Directive
- 89/106/EEC - Construction products
Relations
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2009
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
- Effective Date
- 12-Jul-2017
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Refers
EN ISO 4630:2015 - Clear liquids - Estimation of colour by the Gardner colour scale (ISO 4630:2015) - Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
- Effective Date
- 28-Jan-2026
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN ISO 13790:2008 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008)". This standard covers: ISO 13790:2008 gives calculation methods for assessment of the annual energy use for space heating and cooling of a residential or a non-residential building, or a part of it, referred to as “the building”. This method includes the calculation of: the heat transfer by transmission and ventilation of the building zone when heated or cooled to constant internal temperature; the contribution of internal and solar heat gains to the building heat balance; the annual energy needs for heating and cooling, to maintain the specified set-point temperatures in the building – latent heat not included; the annual energy use for heating and cooling of the building, using input from the relevant system standards referred to in ISO 13790:2008 and specified in Annex A. ISO 13790:2008 also gives an alternative simple hourly method, using hourly user schedules (such as temperature set-points, ventilation modes or operation schedules of movable solar shading). Procedures are given for the use of more detailed simulation methods to ensure compatibility and consistency between the application and results of the different types of method. ISO 13790:2008 provides, for instance, common rules for the boundary conditions and physical input data irrespective of the calculation approach chosen. ISO 13790:2008 has been developed for buildings that are, or are assumed to be, heated and/or cooled for the thermal comfort of people, but can be used for other types of building or other types of use (e.g. industrial, agricultural, swimming pool), as long as appropriate input data are chosen and the impact of special physical conditions on the accuracy is taken into consideration. The calculation procedures in ISO 13790:2008 are restricted to sensible heating and cooling. The energy use due to humidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of ventilation systems, as specified in Annex A; similarly, the energy use due to dehumidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of space cooling systems, as specified in Annex A. ISO 13790:2008 is applicable to buildings at the design stage and to existing buildings. The input data directly or indirectly called for by ISO 13790:2008 should be available from the building files or the building itself. If this is not the case, it is explicitly stated at relevant places in ISO 13790:2008 that it may be decided at national level to allow for other sources of information. In this case, the user reports which input data have been used and from which source. Normally, for the assessment of the energy performance for an energy performance certificate, a protocol is defined at national or regional level to specify the type of sources of information and the conditions when they may be applied instead of the full required input.
ISO 13790:2008 gives calculation methods for assessment of the annual energy use for space heating and cooling of a residential or a non-residential building, or a part of it, referred to as “the building”. This method includes the calculation of: the heat transfer by transmission and ventilation of the building zone when heated or cooled to constant internal temperature; the contribution of internal and solar heat gains to the building heat balance; the annual energy needs for heating and cooling, to maintain the specified set-point temperatures in the building – latent heat not included; the annual energy use for heating and cooling of the building, using input from the relevant system standards referred to in ISO 13790:2008 and specified in Annex A. ISO 13790:2008 also gives an alternative simple hourly method, using hourly user schedules (such as temperature set-points, ventilation modes or operation schedules of movable solar shading). Procedures are given for the use of more detailed simulation methods to ensure compatibility and consistency between the application and results of the different types of method. ISO 13790:2008 provides, for instance, common rules for the boundary conditions and physical input data irrespective of the calculation approach chosen. ISO 13790:2008 has been developed for buildings that are, or are assumed to be, heated and/or cooled for the thermal comfort of people, but can be used for other types of building or other types of use (e.g. industrial, agricultural, swimming pool), as long as appropriate input data are chosen and the impact of special physical conditions on the accuracy is taken into consideration. The calculation procedures in ISO 13790:2008 are restricted to sensible heating and cooling. The energy use due to humidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of ventilation systems, as specified in Annex A; similarly, the energy use due to dehumidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of space cooling systems, as specified in Annex A. ISO 13790:2008 is applicable to buildings at the design stage and to existing buildings. The input data directly or indirectly called for by ISO 13790:2008 should be available from the building files or the building itself. If this is not the case, it is explicitly stated at relevant places in ISO 13790:2008 that it may be decided at national level to allow for other sources of information. In this case, the user reports which input data have been used and from which source. Normally, for the assessment of the energy performance for an energy performance certificate, a protocol is defined at national or regional level to specify the type of sources of information and the conditions when they may be applied instead of the full required input.
EN ISO 13790:2008 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN ISO 13790:2008 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN ISO 13790:2004, EN 832:1998/AC:2000, EN 832:1998/AC:2002, EN 832:1998, EN ISO 52016-1:2017, EN ISO 52003-1:2017, EN ISO 4630:2015, EN ISO 15007-1:2002, CEN ISO/TR 52003-2:2017, EN ISO 3175-2:2018, CEN/TR 10362:2014, prEN ISO 17575-4, EN ISO 17778:2015, EN 17213:2020+A1:2025, CEN/TR 15232-2:2016. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN ISO 13790:2008 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 305/2011, 89/106/EEC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
EN ISO 13790:2008 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2008
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 832:1999
SIST EN 832:1999/AC:2001
SIST EN 832:1999/AC:2002
SIST EN ISO 13790:2004
(QHUJLMVNHODVWQRVWLVWDYE5DþXQUDEHHQHUJLMH]DRJUHYDQMHLQKODMHQMHSURVWRURY
,62
Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and
cooling (ISO 13790:2008)
Einführendes Element - Haupt-Element - Ergänzendes Element (ISO 13790:2008)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Calcul des besoins d'énergie pour le
chauffage et le refroidissement des locaux (ISO 13790:2008)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13790:2008
ICS:
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13790
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2008
ICS 91.120.10 Supersedes EN 832:1998, EN ISO 13790:2004
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for
space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Calcul des Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Berechnung des
besoins d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement Energiebedarfs für Heizung und Kühlung (ISO 13790:2008)
des locaux (ISO 13790:2008)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 February 2008.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2008 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13790:2008: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13790:2008) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 "Thermal
performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 89
“Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by September 2008, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by September 2008.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 13790:2004, EN 832:1998.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of EU Directive
2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD). It forms part of a series of standards aimed at
European harmonisation of the methodology for the calculation of the energy performance of buildings. An
overview of the whole set of standards is given in CEN/TR 15615.
Attention is drawn to the need for observance of EU Directives transposed into national legal requirements.
Existing national regulations (with or without reference to national standards) may restrict for the time being
the implementation of this European Standard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 13790:2008 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 13790:2008 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 13790
Second edition
2008-03-01
Energy performance of buildings —
Calculation of energy use for space
heating and cooling
Performance énergétique des bâtiments — Calcul des besoins
d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement des locaux
Reference number
ISO 13790:2008(E)
©
ISO 2008
ISO 13790:2008(E)
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ii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 13790:2008(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 2
3 Terms and definitions. 3
3.1 Time steps, periods and seasons . 3
3.2 Spaces, zones and areas . 3
3.3 Temperatures . 4
3.4 Energy. 5
3.5 Building heat transfer. 7
3.6 Building heat gains and recoverable system thermal losses . 7
3.7 Building energy balance . 8
4 Symbols . 8
5 Outline of the calculation procedures . 11
5.1 Energy balance of building and systems. 11
5.2 Main structure of calculation procedure . 12
5.3 Different types of calculation method . 15
5.4 Main characteristics of the different methods. 15
5.5 Overall energy balances for building and systems. 16
6 Definition of boundaries and zones. 16
6.1 General. 16
6.2 Boundary of the building for the calculation . 17
6.3 Thermal zones. 17
6.4 Determination of conditioned floor area, A . 20
f
7 Building energy need for space heating and cooling. 21
7.1 Calculation procedure. 21
7.2 Energy need for heating and cooling . 22
7.3 Multiple steps to integrate or isolate interactions. 27
7.4 Length of heating and cooling seasons for operation of season-length-dependent
provisions. 29
8 Heat transfer by transmission . 33
8.1 Calculation procedure. 33
8.2 Total heat transfer by transmission per building zone. 33
8.3 Transmission heat transfer coefficients. 34
8.4 Input data and boundary conditions. 37
9 Heat transfer by ventilation . 38
9.1 Calculation procedure. 38
9.2 Total heat transfer by ventilation per building zone — Seasonal or monthly method. 38
9.3 Ventilation heat transfer coefficients. 39
9.4 Input data and boundary conditions. 45
10 Internal heat gains . 47
10.1 Calculation procedure. 47
10.2 Overall internal heat gains. 47
10.3 Internal heat gain elements — All methods . 49
10.4 Input data and boundary conditions. 49
11 Solar heat gains . 53
ISO 13790:2008(E)
11.1 Calculation procedure . 53
11.2 Overall solar heat gains. 54
11.3 Solar heat gain elements. 55
11.4 Input data and boundary conditions. 57
12 Dynamic parameters. 61
12.1 Calculation procedure . 61
12.2 Dynamic parameters. 62
12.3 Boundary conditions and input data . 67
13 Indoor conditions. 68
13.1 Different modes. 68
13.2 Calculation procedures . 69
13.3 Boundary conditions and input data . 76
14 Energy use for space heating and cooling. 76
14.1 Annual energy needs for heating and cooling, per building zone. 76
14.2 Annual energy needs for heating and cooling, per combination of systems. 76
14.3 Total system energy use for space heating and cooling and ventilation systems. 77
15 Report. 81
15.1 General . 81
15.2 Input data . 81
15.3 Results . 82
Annex A (normative) Parallel routes in normative references. 85
Annex B (normative) Multi-zone calculation with thermal coupling between zones . 89
Annex C (normative) Full set of equations for simple hourly method. 93
Annex D (normative) Alternative formulation for monthly cooling method. 98
Annex E (normative) Heat transfer and solar heat gains of special elements. 100
Annex F (normative) Climate-related data . 111
Annex G (informative) Simplified methods and standard input data. 113
Annex H (informative) Accuracy of the method . 127
Annex I (informative) Explanation and derivation of monthly or seasonal utilization factors . 136
Annex J (informative) Worked example; simple hourly and monthly methods . 148
Annex K (informative) Flow charts of the calculation procedures. 154
Bibliography . 161
iv © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 13790:2008(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 13790 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the
built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods, in cooperation with CEN/TC 89, Thermal
performance of buildings and building components.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 13790:2004), which has been technically
revised. A summary of the principal changes is given below.
⎯ Throughout, statements and equations that were true only for the heating mode have been amplified to
accommodate both heating and cooling modes.
⎯ Throughout, all texts that applied only for monthly or seasonal calculations have been amplified to
accommodate hourly as well as monthly and seasonal calculations.
⎯ The structure has been adapted to maximize the common use of procedures, conditions and input data,
irrespective of the calculation method.
⎯ A monthly (and seasonal) method for cooling, similar to the method in the first edition for heating, has
been added.
⎯ A simple hourly method for heating and cooling, to facilitate direct introduction of hourly, daily or weekly
patterns (e.g. controls, user behaviour), has been added.
⎯ For dynamic simulation methods, procedures that are consistent with the boundary conditions and input
data for the seasonal, monthly and simple hourly methods have been added for the boundary conditions
and input data.
⎯ The whole document has been scrutinized to check its applicability within the context of building
regulations, which require a minimum of ambiguities and subjective choices; where needed, possibilities
are offered for national choices as given in national annexes, national building codes or national
standards referring to this document, depending on the purpose/application of the calculations as detailed
in this list and on the type or complexity of the building.
ISO 13790:2008(E)
Introduction
This standard provides the means (in part) to assess the contribution that building products and services
make to energy conservation and to the overall energy performance of buildings.
This International Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association (Mandate M/343), and supports essential requirements of
[26]
EU Directive 2002/91/EC on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD ). It forms part of a series of
standards aimed at European harmonization of the methodology for the calculation of the energy performance
[28]
of buildings. An overview of the whole set of standards to support the EPBD is given in CEN/TR 15615 .
See also Annex A.
This International Standard is one of a series of calculation methods for the design and evaluation of thermal
and energy performance of buildings. It presents a coherent set of calculation methods at different levels of
detail, for the energy use for the space heating and cooling of a building, and the influence of the recoverable
thermal losses of technical buildings systems such as the heating and cooling system.
In combination with other energy performance-related standards (see Figure 1, which gives an outline of the
calculation procedure and its links with other energy performance-related standards), this International
Standard can be used for the following applications:
a) judging compliance with regulations expressed in terms of energy targets (via the design rating; see
Annex A);
b) comparing the energy performance of various design alternatives for a planned building;
c) displaying a standardized level of energy performance of existing buildings (the standard calculated
rating; see Annex A);
d) assessing the effect of possible energy conservation measures on an existing building, by calculation of
the energy use with and without the energy conservation measure; see Annex A;
e) predicting future energy resource needs on a regional, national or international scale, by calculating the
energy use of typical buildings representative of the building stock.
References are made to other International Standards or to national documents for input data and detailed
calculation procedures not provided by this International Standard.
vi © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 13790:2008(E)
The main inputs needed for this International Standard are the following:
⎯ transmission and ventilation properties;
⎯ heat gains from internal heat sources, solar properties;
⎯ climate data;
⎯ description of building and building components, systems and use;
⎯ comfort requirements (set-point temperatures and ventilation rates);
⎯ data related to the heating, cooling, hot water, ventilation and lighting systems:
⎯ partition of building into different zones for the calculation (different systems may require different
zones);
⎯ energy losses dissipated and recoverable or recovered in the building (internal heat gains, recovery
of ventilation heat loss);
⎯ airflow rate and temperature of ventilation supply air (if centrally pre-heated or pre-cooled) and
associated energy use for air circulation and pre-heating or pre-cooling;
⎯ controls.
The main outputs of this International Standard are the following:
⎯ annual energy needs for space heating and cooling;
⎯ annual energy use for space heating and cooling;
⎯ length of heating and cooling season (for system running hours) affecting the energy use and auxiliary
energy of season-length-dependent technical building systems for heating, cooling and ventilation.
Additional outputs are the following:
⎯ monthly values of energy needs and energy use (informative);
⎯ monthly values of main elements in the energy balance, e.g. transmission, ventilation, internal heat gains,
solar heat;
⎯ contribution of passive solar gains;
⎯ system losses (from heating, cooling, hot water, ventilation and lighting systems), recovered in the
building.
ISO 13790:2008(E)
Figure 1 — Flow chart of calculation procedure and links with other standards
viii © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 13790:2008(E)
Energy performance of buildings — Calculation of energy use
for space heating and cooling
1 Scope
This International Standard gives calculation methods for assessment of the annual energy use for space
heating and cooling of a residential or a non-residential building, or a part of it, referred to as “the building”.
This method includes the calculation of:
a) the heat transfer by transmission and ventilation of the building zone when heated or cooled to constant
internal temperature;
b) the contribution of internal and solar heat gains to the building heat balance;
c) the annual energy needs for heating and cooling, to maintain the specified set-point temperatures in the
building – latent heat not included;
d) the annual energy use for heating and cooling of the building, using input from the relevant system
standards referred to in this International Standard and specified in Annex A.
The building can have several zones with different set-point temperatures, and can have intermittent heating
and cooling.
The calculation interval is either one month or one hour. For residential buildings, the calculation can also be
performed on the basis of the heating and/or cooling season.
This International Standard also gives an alternative simple hourly method, using hourly user schedules (such
as temperature set-points, ventilation modes or operation schedules of movable solar shading).
Procedures are given for the use of more detailed simulation methods to ensure compatibility and consistency
between the application and results of the different types of method. This International Standard provides, for
instance, common rules for the boundary conditions and physical input data, irrespective of the calculation
approach chosen.
Special attention has been given to the suitability of this International Standard for use within the context of
national or regional building regulations. This includes the calculation of an energy performance rating of a
building, on the basis of standardized conditions, for an energy performance certificate. The result can have
legal implications, in particular when it is used to judge compliance with minimum energy performance levels,
which can, for instance, be required to obtain a building permit. For such applications, it is important that the
calculation procedures be unambiguous, repeatable and verifiable. A special situation is the calculation of the
energy performance in the case of old existing buildings, if gathering the full required input would be too
labour-intensive for the purpose, relative to the cost-effectiveness of gathering the input. In this case, it is
important that the calculation procedures provide the right balance between accuracy and data collection
costs. To accommodate the application for these and other situations, this International Standard offers
different choices. It is up to national bodies whether or not to choose a specific option for mandatory use, e.g.
depending on the region in the country, the type of building and its use, and on the purpose of the
assessment.
Annex H provides some information on the accuracy of the method.
ISO 13790:2008(E)
This International Standard has been developed for buildings that are, or are assumed to be, heated and/or
cooled for the thermal comfort of people, but can be used for other types of building or other types of use
(e.g. industrial, agricultural, swimming pool), as long as appropriate input data are chosen and the impact of
special physical conditions on the accuracy is taken into consideration.
NOTE 1 For instance, it can be used when a special model is needed but is missing.
Depending on the purpose of the calculation, it may be decided nationally to provide specific calculation rules
for spaces that are dominated by process heat (e.g. indoor swimming pool, computer/server room or kitchen
in a restaurant).
NOTE 2 For instance, in the case of a building energy certificate and/or building permit, e.g. by ignoring the process
heat or using default process heat for certain processes (e.g. shops: freezers, lighting in shop window).
The calculation procedures in this International Standard are restricted to sensible heating and cooling. The
energy use due to humidification is calculated in the relevant standard on the energy performance of
ventilation systems, as specified in Annex A; similarly, the energy use due to dehumidification is calculated in
the relevant standard on the energy performance of space cooling systems, as specified in Annex A.
The calculation is not used to decide whether mechanical cooling is needed.
This International Standard is applicable to buildings at the design stage and to existing buildings. The input
data directly or indirectly called for by this International Standard should be available from the building files or
the building itself. If this is not the case, it is explicitly stated at relevant places in this International Standard
that it may be decided at national level to allow for other sources of information. In this case, the user reports
which input data have been used and from which source. Normally, for the assessment of the energy
performance for an energy performance certificate, a protocol is defined at national or regional level to specify
the type of sources of information and the conditions when they may be applied instead of the full required
input.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation method
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 10077-1, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters — Calculation of thermal transmittance —
Part 1: General
ISO 13370:2007, Thermal performance of buildings — Heat transfer via the ground — Calculation methods
ISO 13786:2007, Thermal performance of building components — Dynamic thermal characteristics —
Calculation methods
ISO 13789:2007, Thermal performance of buildings — Transmission and ventilation hea transfer
coefficients — Calculation method
ISO 15927-4, Hygrothermal performance of buildings — Calculation and presentation of climatic data —
Part 4: Hourly data for assessing the annual energy use for heating and cooling
EN 15217, Energy performance of buildings — Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy
certification of buildings
2 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 13790:2008(E)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions in ISO 7345 and the following apply.
3.1 Time steps, periods and seasons
3.1.1
calculation step
discrete time interval for the calculation of the energy needs and uses for heating, cooling, ventilation,
humidification and dehumidification
NOTE Typical discrete time intervals are one hour, one month or one heating and/or cooling season, operating
modes and bins.
3.1.2
calculation period
period of time over which the calculation is performed
NOTE The calculation period can be divided into a number of calculation steps.
3.1.3
heating or cooling season
period of the year during which a significant amount of energy for heating or cooling is needed
NOTE 1 The lengths of the heating and cooling seasons are determined in different ways, depending on the calculation
method. The season lengths are used to determine the operation period of technical systems or season-dependent user
behaviour, for instance on ventilation.
NOTE 2 This International Standard includes a seasonal method that requires as calculation step a fixed season length
that has to be distinguished from the actual season length.
3.1.4
unoccupied period
period of several days or weeks without heating or cooling, e.g. due to holidays
3.2 Spaces, zones and areas
3.2.1
heated space
room or enclosure, which for the purposes of a calculation is assumed to be heated to a given set-point
temperature or set-point temperatures
3.2.2
cooled space
room or enclosure, which for the purposes of a calculation is assumed to be cooled to a given set-point
temperature or set-point temperatures
3.2.3
conditioned space
heated and/or cooled space
NOTE The heated and/or cooled spaces are used to define the boundaries of the thermal zones and the thermal
envelope.
3.2.4
unconditioned space
room or enclosure that is not part of a conditioned space
ISO 13790:2008(E)
3.2.5
conditioned zone
part of a conditioned space with a given set-point temperature or set-point temperatures, throughout which the
same occupancy pattern is assumed and the internal temperature is assumed to have negligible spatial
variations, and which is controlled by a single heating system, cooling system and/or ventilation system, or by
different systems with equal energy performance
3.2.6
conditioned area
floor area of conditioned spaces excluding non-habitable cellars or non-habitable parts of a space, including
the floor area on all storeys if more than one
NOTE 1 Internal, overall internal or external dimensions can be used. This leads to different areas for the same
building.
NOTE 2 Some services, such as lighting or ventilation, might be provided to areas not included in this definition (e.g. a
car park).
NOTE 3 The precise definition of the conditioned area is given by national authorities.
[26]
NOTE 4 “Conditioned area” can be taken as the useful area mentioned in the Clauses 5, 6 and 7 of the EPBD
unless it is otherwise defined in national regulations.
3.2.7
calculation with coupled zones
multi-zone calculation with thermal coupling between zones, taking into account any heat transfer by thermal
transmission and/or by ventilation and/or by air infiltration between zones
3.2.8
calculation with uncoupled zones
multi-zone calculation without thermal coupling between zones, not taking into account any heat transfer by
thermal transmission or by ventilation or by air infiltration between zones
3.2.9
projected area of solar collecting elements
area of the projection of the surface of the element on to a plane parallel to the transparent or translucent part
of the element
NOTE In the case of non-flat elements, this refers to the area of the imaginary of the smallest plane connecting the
perimeter of the element.
EXAMPLE Windows.
3.2.10
projected area of frame elements
area of the projection of the frame element on to a plane parallel to the glazing or panel that is held by the
frame
EXAMPLE Window frames.
3.3 Temperatures
3.3.1
external temperature
temperature of external air
NOTE 1 For transmission heat transfer calculations, the radiant temperature of the external environment is supposed
equal to the external air temperature; long-wave radiation to the sky, from building elements facing the sky, is calculated
separately (see 11.3.5 and/or 11.4.6).
NOTE 2 The measurement of external air temperature is defined in ISO 15927-1.
4 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 13790:2008(E)
3.3.2
internal temperature
arithmetic average of the air temperature and the mean radiant temperature at the centre of a zone or space
NOTE This is the approximate operative temperature according to ISO 7726.
3.3.3
set-point (of the internal) temperature
internal (minimum intended) temperature as fixed by the control system in normal heating mode, or internal
(maximum intended) temperature as fixed by the control system in normal cooling mode
NOTE The values are specified at national level, depending on the type of space and purpose of the calculation. See
also definition of conditioned space (3.2.3). For monthly and seasonal methods, the value of the set-point can include
adjustment for intermittency, as specified in 13.2.2.
3.3.4
set-back temperature
minimum internal temperature to be maintained during reduced heating periods, or maximum internal
temperature to be maintained during reduced cooling periods
3.3.5
intermittent heating or cooling
heating or cooling pattern where normal heating or cooling periods alternate with periods of reduced or no
heating or cooling
3.4 Energy
3.4.1
energy need for heating or cooling
heat to be delivered to, or extracted from, a conditioned space to maintain the intended temperature
conditions during a given period of time
NOTE 1 The energy need is calculated and cannot easily be measured.
NOTE 2 The energy need can include additional heat transfer resulting from non-uniform temperature distribution and
non-ideal temperature control, if they are taken into account by increasing (decreasing) the effective temperature for
heating (cooling) and not included in the heat transfer due to the heating (cooling) system.
3.4.2
auxiliary energy
electrical energy used by technical building systems for heating, cooling, ventilation and/or domestic water to
support energy transformation to satisfy energy needs
NOTE 1 This includes energy for fans, pumps, electronics, etc. Electrical energy input to a ventilation system for air
transport and heat recovery is not considered as auxiliary energy, but as energy use for ventilation (3.4.11).
NOTE 2 In ISO 9488, the energy used for pumps and valves is called “parasitic energy”.
3.4.3
technical building system
technical equipment for heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting and electricity production
NOTE 1 A technical building system can refer to one or to several building services (e.g. heating system, heating and
domestic hot water system).
NOTE 2 A technical building system is composed of different subsystems.
NOTE 3 Electricity production can include cogeneration and photovoltaic systems.
ISO 13790:2008(E)
3.4.4
technical building subsystem
part of a technical building system that performs a specific function (e.g. heat generation, heat distribution,
heat emission)
3.4.5
building services
services provided by the technical building systems and by appliances to provide the indoor climate conditions,
domestic hot water, illumination and other services related to the use of the building
3.4.6
system thermal loss
thermal loss from a technical building system for heating, cooling, domestic hot water, humidification,
dehumidification or ventilation that does not contribute to the useful output of the system
NOTE 1 A system loss can become an internal heat gain for the building if it is recoverable.
NOTE 2 Thermal energy recovered directly in the subsystem is not considered as a system thermal loss but as heat
recovery and directly treated in the related system standard.
NOTE 3 Heat dissipated by the lighting system or by other services (e.g. appliances of computer equipment) is not part
of the system thermal losses, but part of the internal heat gains.
3.4.7
recoverable system thermal loss
part of a technical system thermal loss which can be recovered to lower either the energy need for heating or
cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system
NOTE 1 This depends whether or not the recoverable system thermal losses are directly taken into account as a
reduction to the system losses.
NOTE 2 In this International Standard, if not directly taken into account as a reduction to the system losses, the
recoverable system thermal losses are calculated as part of the internal heat gains. It may be decided at national level to
report the recoverable system thermal losses separately from the other internal heat gains.
3.4.8
recovered system thermal loss
part of a recoverable system thermal loss which has been recovered to lower either the energy need for
heating or cooling or the energy use of the heating or cooling system
NOTE This depends whether or not the recoverable system thermal losses are directly taken into account as a
reduction to the system losses.
3.4.9
energy use for space heating or cooling
energy input to the heating or cooling system to satisfy the energy need for heating or cooling, respectively
NOTE If the technical building system serves several purposes (e.g. heating and domestic hot water), it can be
difficult to split the energy use into that used for each purpose. It can be indicated as a combined quantity (e.g. energy use
for space heating and domestic hot water).
3.4.10
delivered energy for space heating or cooling
energy, expressed per energy carrier, supplied to the technical building systems through the system boundary,
to satisfy the uses taken into account (heating, cooling, ventilation, domestic hot water, lighting, appliances,
etc.) or to produce electricity
NOTE 1 For active solar and wind energy systems the incident solar radiation on solar panels or on solar collectors, or
the kinetic energy of wind is not part of the energy balance of the building.
NOTE 2 Delivered energy can be calculated or it can be measured.
6 © ISO 2008 – All rights reserved
ISO 13790:2008(E)
3.4.11
energy use for ventilation
electrical energy input to a ventilation system for air transport and heat recovery (not including energy input for
pre-heating or pre-cooling the air) and energy input to a humidification system to satisfy the need for
humidification
3.4.12
energy need for humidification and dehumidification
latent heat in the water vapour to be delivered to, or extracted from, a conditioned space by a technical
bu
...
SLOVENSKI SIST EN ISO 13790
STANDARD
september 2008
Energijske lastnosti stavb – Račun rabe energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje
prostorov (ISO 13790:2008)
Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy use for space heating
and cooling (ISO13790:2008)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments – Calcul des besoins d'énergie pour le
chauffage et le refroidissement des locaux (ISO13790:2008)
Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden – Berechnung des Energiebedarfs für Heizung
und Kühlung (ISO 13790:2008)
Referenčna oznaka
ICS 91.120.10 SIST EN ISO 13790:2008 (sl)
Nadaljevanje na straneh II in od 1 do 157
© 2010-12: Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
NACIONALNI UVOD
Standard SIST EN ISO 13790 (sl), Energijske lastnosti stavb – Račun rabe energije za ogrevanje in
hlajenje prostorov (ISO 13790:2008), 2008, ima status slovenskega standarda in je enakovreden
evropskemu standardu EN ISO 13790 (en), Energy performance of buildings – Calculation of energy
use for space heating and cooling (ISO 13790:2008), 2008-03.
NACIONALNI PREDGOVOR
Evropski standard EN 13790:2008 je pripravil mednarodni tehnični odbor ISO/TC 163 Toplotni odziv,
poraba energije v stavbah v sodelovanju s tehničnim odborom Evropskega komiteja za standardizacijo
CEN/TC 89 Toplotni odziv stavb in delov stavb, katerega tajništvo je v pristojnosti Švedskega inštituta
za standardizacijo (SIS).
Slovenski standard SIST EN ISO 13790:2008 je prevod evropskega standarda EN ISO 13790:2008. V
primeru spora glede besedila slovenskega prevoda v tem standardu je odločilen izvirni evropski
standard v angleškem jeziku. Slovensko izdajo standarda je pripravil tehnični odbor SIST/TC TOP
Toplota.
Odločitev za izdajo tega standarda je dne 30. maja 2008 sprejel SIST/TC TOP.
ZVEZA Z NACIONALNIMI STANDARDI
V standardu SIST EN ISO 13790:2008 pomeni sklicevanje na evropske in mednarodne standarde, ki
je vključeno v ta evropski standard, sklicevanje na enakovredne slovenske standarde, npr.:
EN ISO 13790 pomeni SIST EN ISO 13790.
PREDHODNA IZDAJA
SIST EN 832:1999 Toplotne karakteristike stavb – Izračun potrebne energije za ogrevanje –
Stanovanjske stavbe
SIST EN ISO 13790:2004 Toplotne karakteristike stavb – Izračun potrebne energije za ogrevanje
prostora (ISO 13790:2004)
OPOMBE
– Povsod, kjer se v besedilu standarda uporablja izraz “evropski standard”, v
– Nacionalni uvod in nacionalni predgovor nista sestavni del standarda.
– Ta nacionalni dokument je enakovreden EN 13790:2008 in je objavljen z dovoljenjem
CEN
Rue de Stassart 36
1050 Bruselj
Belgija
This national document is identical with EN 13790:2008 and is published with the permission of
CEN
Rue de Stassart, 36
1050 Bruxelles
Belgium
II
EVROPSKI STANDARD EN ISO 13790
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
NORME EUROPÉENNE marec 2008
ICS: 91.120.10 Nadomešča EN 832:1998; EN ISO 13790:2004
Slovenska izdaja
Energijske lastnosti stavb – Račun rabe energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje
prostorov (ISO 13790:2008)
Energy performance of Performance énergétique des Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden –
buildings – Calculation of bâtiments – Calcul des besoins Berechnung des Energiebedarfs
energy use for space heating d'énergie pour le chauffage et le für Heizung und Kühlung
and cooling (ISO13790:2008) refroidissement des locaux (ISO 13790:2008)
(ISO13790:2008)
Ta evropski standard je 23. februarja 2008 odobril CEN.
Člani CEN morajo izpolnjevati notranje predpise CEN/CENELEC, ki določajo pogoje, pod katerimi
dobi ta evropski standard status nacionalnega standarda brez kakršnihkoli sprememb. Sezname
najnovejših izdaj teh nacionalnih standardov in njihove bibliografske podatke je mogoče na zahtevo
dobiti pri Upravnem centru CEN ali pri članih CEN.
Ta evropski standard obstaja v treh uradnih izdajah (angleški, francoski in nemški). Izdaje v drugih
jezikih, ki jih člani CEN na lastno odgovornost prevedejo in izdajo ter priglasijo pri Upravnem centru
CEN, veljajo kot uradne izdaje.
Člani CEN so nacionalni organi za standarde Avstrije, Belgije, Bolgarije, Cipra, Češke republike,
Danske, Estonije, Finske, Francije, Grčije, Irske, Islandije, Italije, Latvije, Litve, Luksemburga,
Madžarske, Malte, Nemčije, Nizozemske, Norveške, Poljske, Portugalske, Romunije, Slovaške,
Slovenije, Španije, Švedske, Švice in Združenega kraljestva.
CEN
Evropski komite za standardizacijo
European Committee for Standardization
Europäisches Komitee für Normung
Comité Européen de Normalisation
Upravni center: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Bruselj
© 2008. Lastnice avtorskih pravic so vse države članice CEN Ref. oznaka: EN ISO 13790:2008 E
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
VSEBINA Stran
Uvod .4
1 Predmet standarda.7
2 Zveza z drugimi standardi .8
3 Izrazi in definicije .8
3.1 Časovni koraki, obdobja in sezone.8
3.2 Prostori, cone in območja.9
3.3 Temperature .10
3.4 Energija .11
3.5 Prenos toplote v stavbi .13
3.6 Toplotni dobitki v stavbi in vračljive toplotne izgube sistemov .13
3.7 Energetska bilanca stavbe .14
4 Simboli.14
5 Orisi postopkov izračuna .17
5.1 Energijska bilanca stavbe in sistemov.17
5.2 Osnovna struktura postopka izračuna.18
5.3 Različne vrste računskih metod .20
5.4 Glavne značilnosti različnih metod.20
5.5 Skupne energijske bilance za stavbo in sisteme.21
6 Opredelitev mej in con.21
6.1 Splošno.21
6.2 Meja stavbe za izračun.22
6.3 Toplotne cone.22
6.4 Opredelitev tlorisne površine z uravnavanimi pogoji A .25
f
7 Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov.25
7.1 Postopek izračuna.25
7.2 Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje .26
7.3 Več korakov za vključitev ali izključitev medsebojnega vplivanja .31
7.4 Dolžina ogrevalne in hladilne sezone za delovanje naprav, ki so odvisne od dolžine sezone .33
8 Transmisijske toplotne izgube .36
8.1 Postopek izračuna.36
8.2 Celotne transmisijske toplotne izgube po conah v stavbi.36
8.3 Koeficienti transmisijskih toplotnih izgub.37
8.4 Vhodni podatki in mejni pogoji.40
9 Prenos toplote s prezračevanjem.41
9.1 Postopek izračuna.41
9.2 Celoten prenos toplote s prezračevanjem po conah v stavbi – sezonska ali mesečna metoda.41
9.3 Koeficienti prenosa toplote s prezračevanjem .42
9.4 Vhodni podatki in mejni pogoji.48
10 Dobitki notranjih virov .49
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
10.1 Postopek izračuna.49
10.2 Skupni dobitki notranjih virov.50
10.3 Elementi dobitkov notranjih virov – vse metode.51
10.4 Vhodni podatki in mejni pogoji.51
11 Dobitki sončnega sevanja .55
11.1 Postopek izračuna.55
11.2 Skupni dobitki sončnega sevanja.55
11.3 Elementi dobitkov sončnega sevanja.56
11.4 Vhodni podatki in mejni pogoji.58
12 Dinamični parametri.63
12.1 Postopek izračuna.62
12.2 Dinamični parametri.62
12.3 Mejni pogoji in vhodni podatki .67
13 Notranji pogoji.68
13.1 Različni režimi .68
13.2 Postopki izračuna .69
13.3 Mejni pogoji in vhodni podatki .76
14 Raba energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje .76
14.1 Letna poraba energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje po conah v stavbi .76
14.2 Letna poraba energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje po posameznih kombinacijah sistemov .76
14.3 Skupna raba energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje in za prezračevalne sisteme .77
15 Poročilo.81
15.1 Splošno.81
15.2 Vhodni podatki.81
15.3 Rezultati.82
Dodatek A (normativni): Vzporedne poti pri sklicevanju na standarde .84
Dodatek B (normativni): Izračun z več conami s toplotnim spojem med conami.88
Dodatek C (normativni): Celoten niz enačb za enostavno urno metodo.92
Dodatek D (normativni): Različica formulacije za mesečno metodo hlajenja .97
Dodatek E (normativni): Prenos toplote in dobitki sončnega sevanja pri posebnih elementih .99
Dodatek F (normativni): Podnebni podatki. 110
Dodatek G (informativni): Poenostavljene metode in standardni vhodni podatki. 112
Dodatek H (informativni): Točnost metode. 124
Dodatek I (informativni): Razlaga in izpeljava mesečnih ali sezonskih izkoristkov. 133
Dodatek J (informativni): Izdelan zgled; enostavna urna metoda in mesečna metoda . 144
Dodatek K (informativni): Diagrami postopkov izračuna . 149
Literatura. 156
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
UVOD
V tem standardu so (delno) podane metode, s katerimi se oceni, v kolikšni meri gradbeni proizvodi in
oprema prispevajo k učinkoviti rabi energije in k celovitim energijskim lastnostim stavb.
Ta mednarodni standard je pripravil CEN z mandatom Evropske komisije in Evropskega združenja za
prosto trgovino (mandat M/343) ter podpira bistvene zahteve Direktive EU 2002/91/EC o energijskih
/26/
lastnostih stavb (EPBD ). Je eden iz skupine standardov, katerih namen je uskladitev metodologije
/28/
za izračun energijskih lastnosti stavb v Evropi. V CEN/TR 15615 je podan pregled vseh standardov,
ki podpirajo EPDB. Glej tudi dodatek A.
Ta mednarodni standard je ena od vrste računskih metod za projektiranje in vrednotenje toplotnega in
energijskega obnašanja stavb. Predstavlja niz zaporednih usklajenih računskih metod z različnimi
stopnjami podrobnosti, za rabo energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov v stavbi in vpliv vračljivih
toplotnih izgub tehničnih podsistemov v stavbi, kot npr. sistem za ogrevanje in hlajenje.
S souporabo drugih standardov, ki se nanašajo na energijske lastnosti stavb (glej sliko 1, ki
predstavlja potek postopka izračuna in povezave z drugimi standardi, ki se nanašajo na energijske
lastnosti stavb), se ta mednarodni standard lahko uporablja pri:
a) presoji skladnosti s predpisi o energetskih ciljih (z vrednotenjem projektov; glej dodatek A);
b) primerjanju energijskih lastnosti različnih projektnih inačic za načrtovane stavbe;
c) ugotavljanju standardizirane ravni energijskih lastnosti že zgrajenih stavb (standardizirano
računsko vrednotenje; glej dodatek A);
d) oceni učinkov predvidenih ukrepov učinkovite rabe energije na že zgrajeni stavbi z izračunom
rabe energije pred ukrepom in po njem; glej dodatek A;
e) napovedovanju prihodnjih potreb po energiji v regionalnem, nacionalnem ali mednarodnem merilu
z izračunom rabe energije za nekaj stavb, ki so tipične predstavnice stavbnega fonda.
Za vhodne podatke in podrobne postopke izračuna, ki niso navedeni v tem mednarodnem standardu,
so navedeni sklici na druge mednarodne standarde ali nacionalne dokumente.
Za ta mednarodni standard so potrebni naslednji glavni vhodni podatki:
– transmisijske in prezračevalne lastnosti;
– toplotni dobitki iz notranjih virov toplote, lastnosti sončnega sevanja;
– podnebni podatki;
– opis stavbe in delov stavbe, sistemov in uporabe;
– zahteve za udobno bivanje (nastavljene temperature in prezračevanje);
– podatki, ki se nanašajo na sisteme za ogrevanje, hlajenje, pripravo tople vode, prezračevanje in
razsvetljavo:
– razdelitev stavbe na različne cone za namen izračuna (za različne cone so lahko potrebni
različni sistemi);
– izgube energije, ki je vračljiva ali vrnjena v stavbo (dobitki notranjih virov, vračanje
prezračevalnih toplotnih izgub);
– pretok zraka in temperatura dovodnega zraka za prezračevanje (v primeru centralnega
predgrevanja in predhlajenja) in s tem povezana raba energije za kroženje zraka in
predgrevanje ali predhlajenje;
– krmiljenja.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
Najpomembnejši rezultati, ki se pridobijo s tem mednarodnim standardom, so:
– letna potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov;
– letna raba energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov;
– dolžina ogrevalne in hladilne sezone (za ure obratovanja sistema), ki vpliva na rabo energije in
pomožno energijo za tehnične podsisteme v stavbi, ki so pogojeni z dolžino sezone, za
ogrevanje, hlajenje in prezračevanje.
Dodatni rezultati so naslednji:
– mesečne vrednosti potrebne energije in rabe energije (informativno);
– mesečne vrednosti glavnih elementov v energijski bilanci, npr. transmisija, prezračevanje, dobitki
notranjih virov, toplota sončnega sevanja;
– prispevek pasivnih dobitkov sončnega sevanja;
– izgube sistema (iz sistemov za ogrevanje, hlajenje, pripravo tople vode, prezračevanje in
razsvetljavo), vrnjene v stavbo.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
Ocena skupne rabe energije in določitev
energijskega razreda
Dovedena energija za sisteme za
pripravo tople vode, razsvetljavo in
prezračevanje in za
razvlaževanje/navlaževanje, po
Dovedena energija za ogrevanje in
posameznih energentih
hlajenje po posameznih energentih
ISO 13790
Nevračljive toplotne
izgube iz tehničnih
Raba energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje
sistemov; raba pomožne
energije
Dinamična
Mesečna
Enostavna urna
simulacija
(ali sezonska)
Splošna
merila in
Podnebni podatki
Tri (nacionalne) možnosti za izračun potrebne
postopki
energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje v stavbi
validacije
Vračljive
toplotne
Dinamični parametri
izgube iz
Dobitki notranjih virov in dobitki sončnega sevanja
tehničnih
Lastnosti
Prezračevalne in transmisijske toplotne izgube
sistemov v
stavbi
Razdelitev stavbe na cone za namen izračuna,
Merila iz
vključno z merili za sisteme sistemov
Pravila o conah, del stavbe
Merila
Podrobno navedeni notranji pogoji
Sistemi za razsvetljavo
Transmisijske lastnosti (ISO 13789)
Prezračevalni sistemi
Lastnosti
Zračni tok/vdiranje zraka
Sistemi za pripravo tople vode
Lastnosti sončnega sevanja
Sistemi za klimatizacijo prostorov
Ogrevalni sistemi
Projektni podatki
Projektni podatki (stavba, sistemi,
uporaba, okolje, lokacija)
Podnebni podatki Sistemi za uporabo
obnovljivih virov energije
Zunanji podnebni podatki (ISO 15927-4)
Notranji pogoji, avtomatika in
krmiljenja
Podatki za že zgrajene stavbe
Slika 1: Potek postopka izračuna in povezave z drugimi standardi
Podatki za že zgrajene stavbe
Projektni podatki
Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje v stavbi
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
Energijske lastnosti stavb – Račun rabe energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje
prostorov (ISO 13790:2008)
1 Predmet standarda
V tem mednarodnem standardu so podane računske metode za oceno letne rabe energije za
ogrevanje in hlajenje prostorov v stanovanjski ali nestanovanjski stavbi ali njenem delu, za katere se
bo tu uporabljal izraz “stavba”.
Ta metoda obsega izračune za:
a) prenos toplote zaradi prehoda in prezračevanja cone stavbe, ko je ogrevana ali hlajena na
konstantno notranjo temperaturo;
b) prispevek dobitkov notranjih virov in dobitkov sončnega sevanja k toplotni bilanci stavbe;
c) potrebno letno energijo za ogrevanje in hlajenje, za vzdrževanje določene nastavljene
temperature – latentna toplota ni všteta;
d) letno rabo energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje stavbe z uporabo podatkov iz ustreznih sistemskih
standardov, ki so zajeti v tem mednarodnem standardu in podrobno navedeni v dodatku A.
Stavba ima lahko več con z različnimi nastavljenimi temperaturami in ima lahko prekinjeno ogrevanje
ali hlajenje.
Računsko obdobje je lahko en mesec ali ena ura. Za stanovanjske stavbe se izračuni lahko naredijo
tudi na osnovi ogrevalne in/ali ohlajevalne sezone.
V tem mednarodnem standardu je podana tudi alternativna enostavna urna metoda, ki uporablja urne
nastavitve uporabnikov (kot npr. nastavljene temperature, načine prezračevanja ali načrte delovanja
premičnih senčil).
Podani so postopki za uporabo podrobnejših simulacijskih metod za zagotavljanje skladnosti in
doslednosti med uporabo in rezultati različnih metod. V tem mednarodnem standardu so določena na
primer splošna pravila za pogoje mej in fizičnih vhodnih podatkov ne glede na izbrani način izračuna.
Posebna pozornost je bila posvečena primernosti tega mednarodnega standarda za uporabo v okviru
nacionalne ali regionalne gradbene zakonodaje. To vključuje izračun ocene energijskih lastnosti
stavbe na osnovi standardiziranih pogojev za pridobitev energetske izkaznice. Rezultat ima lahko
pravne posledice, še posebej, kadar se na podlagi tega rezultata presoja usklajenost ravni minimalnih
energijskih lastnosti, ki se, na primer, lahko zahteva pri pridobivanju gradbenega dovoljenja. Za tako
uporabo je pomembno, da so izračuni energijskih lastnosti nedvoumni, ponovljivi in preverljivi.
Posebna situacija nastopi pri izračunu energijskih lastnosti v primeru starih obstoječih stavb, če bi
zbiranje vseh zahtevanih podatkov predstavljalo preveliko količino dela v ta namen, odvisno od
povezave med stroški in učinkovitostjo pri zbiranju podatkov. V takem primeru je pomembno, da
postopki izračuna zagotovijo pravilno razmerje med natančnostjo in stroški zbiranja podatkov. Ta
mednarodni standard ponuja različne možnosti za uporabo v takih in drugačnih primerih. Nacionalna
zakonodajna telesa določijo, ali se specifična opcija predpiše kot obvezna, npr. glede na regijo v
državi, vrsto stavbe in njeno uporabo in glede na namen ocenitve.
V dodatku H je podanih nekaj informacij o natančnosti metode.
Ta mednarodni standard je bil sestavljen za stavbe, ki so ali naj bi bile ogrevane in/ali hlajene za
toplotno udobje ljudi, a se lahko uporablja tudi za druge vrste uporabe (npr. industrijsko, poljedelsko,
plavalni bazen), če so izbrani ustrezni vhodni podatki in če se upošteva vpliv posebnih fizikalnih
pogojev na natančnost.
OPOMBA 1: Na primer, lahko se uporablja, kadar je potreben poseben model, ki pa manjka.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
Odvisno od namena izračuna se na nacionalni ravni lahko določijo specifična pravila za izračun za
prostore, v katerih prevladujejo notranji viri toplote (npr. notranji plavalni bazen, računalniška soba ali
kuhinja v restavraciji).
OPOMBA 2: Na primer, v primeru energetske izkaznice in/ali gradbenega dovoljenja, npr. z neupoštevanjem notranjih virov ali z
uporabo privzete vrednosti notranjih virov za določene procese (npr. trgovine: zamrzovalniki, osvetlitev izložb).
V tem mednarodnem standardu so postopki izračuna omejeni na občuteno ogrevanje in hlajenje. Raba
energije zaradi navlaževanja se izračuna v ustreznem standardu za energijske značilnosti prezračevalnih
sistemov, kot je določeno v dodatku A; podobno se raba energije zaradi razvlaževanja izračuna v
ustreznem standardu o energijskih značilnostih sistemov za hlajenje prostora, kot je določeno v dodatku A.
Izračun se ne uporablja za odločitev o tem, ali je potrebno mehansko hlajenje.
Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za stavbe v fazi načrtovanja in za že obstoječe stavbe. Vhodni
podatki, ki jih neposredno ali posredno zahteva ta mednarodni standard, naj bi bili dostopni v gradbenih
dokumentih ali se pridobijo v stavbi sami. V nasprotnem primeru pa je na določenih mestih tega
mednarodnega standarda izrecno navedeno, da se do drugih virov podatkov lahko pride z odločitvijo na
nacionalni ravni. V tem primeru uporabnik poroča, kateri vhodni podatki so bili uporabljeni in iz katerih
virov so bili pridobljeni. Normalno je za oceno energijskih lastnosti za pridobitev energetske izkaznice
protokol določen na nacionalni ali regionalni ravni s podrobnim opisom tipa virov informacij in pogojev,
kadar se ti lahko uporabijo namesto vseh zahtevanih vhodnih podatkov.
2 Zveza z drugimi standardi
Spodaj navedeni dokumenti so nepogrešljivi pri uporabi tega dokumenta. Pri datiranih publikacijah
velja le navedena izdaja. Pri nedatiranih publikacijah pa velja najnovejša izdaja navedenega
dokumenta (vključno z vsemi dopolnili).
ISO 6946 Gradbene komponente in gradbeni elementi – Toplotna upornost in toplotna
prehodnost – Računska metoda
ISO 7345 Toplotna izolacija – Fizikalne količine in definicije
ISO 10077-1 Toplotne lastnosti oken, vrat in polken – Izračun toplotne prehodnosti – 1. del: Splošno
ISO 13370:2007 Toplotne karakteristike stavb – Prenos toplote skozi zemljo – Računske metode
ISO 13786:2007 Toplotne značilnosti delov stavb – Dinamične toplotne značilnosti – Računske metode
ISO 13789:2007 Toplotne značilnosti stavb – Toplotni koeficienti pri prenosu toplote in
prezračevanja – Računska metoda
ISO 15927-4 Higrotermične značilnosti stavb – Izračun in predstavitev klimatskih podatkov –
4. del: Urni podatki za izračun letne rabe energije za ogrevanje in hlajenje
EN 15217 Energijske karakteristike stavb – Metode za izražanje karakteristik energije in za
certificiranje energije v stavbah
3 Izrazi in definicije
V okviru tega standarda veljajo izrazi in definicije standarda EN ISO 7345 in tudi naslednji:
3.1 Časovni koraki, obdobja in sezone
3.1.1
računski korak
časovni interval za izračun rabe energije in uporabe za ogrevanje, hlajenje, prezračevanje, vlaženje in
razvlaževanje
OPOMBA: Značilni intervali so ena ura, en mesec ali sezona in/ali hladilna sezona, način delovanja in “bins”.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
3.1.2
računsko obdobje
časovno obdobje, v katerem se izvaja izračun
OPOMBA: Računsko obdobje je lahko razdeljeno na več računskih korakov.
3.1.3
ogrevalna ali hladilna sezona
obdobje v letu, v katerem je potrebna določena količina energije za ogrevanje ali hlajenje
OPOMBA 1: Dolžina ogrevalne ali hladilne sezone je določena na različne načine, odvisno od računske metode. Dolžina
sezone se uporablja za določanje obdobja delovanja tehničnih sistemov ali sezonsko pogojenih navad
uporabnika, na primer prezračevanja.
OPOMBA 2: Ta standard vključuje sezonsko metodo, ki zahteva kot računski korak določeno dolžino sezone, ki se razlikuje
od dejanske dolžine sezone.
3.1.4
obdobje nezasedenosti
obdobje nekaj dni ali tednov brez ogrevanja ali hlajenja, na primer zaradi praznikov
3.2 Prostori, cone in območja
3.2.1
ogrevan prostor
soba ali prostor, za katerega se predpostavlja (za namen izračuna), da je ogrevan na določeno
nastavljeno temperaturo ali temperature
3.2.2
hlajen prostor
soba ali prostor, za katerega se predpostavlja (za namen izračuna), da je hlajen na določeno
nastavljeno temperaturo ali temperature
3.2.3
prostor z uravnavanimi pogoji
ogrevan in/ali hlajen prostor
OPOMBA: Ogrevani ali hlajeni prostori se uporabljajo za določanje zunanjih površin toplotnih con in ovoja
ogrevanega/hlajenega dela stavbe.
3.2.4
prostor brez uravnavanih pogojev
soba ali prostor, ki ni del prostora z uravnavanimi pogoji
3.2.5
cona z uravnavanimi pogoji
del prostora z uravnavanimi pogoji z dano nastavljeno vrednostjo temperature ali temperatur, v kateri
se predpostavljajo enotne bivalne navade, razlike notranje temperature po prostoru so zanemarljive in
jo uravnava enoten sistem ogrevanja, hlajenja in/ali prezračevanja ali različni sistemi z enakimi
energijskimi značilnostmi
3.2.6
površina z uravnavanimi pogoji
tlorisna površina prostorov z uravnavanimi pogoji brez nebivalnih kleti ali drugih nebivalnih prostorov;
vključuje tlorisno površino vseh nadstropij, če je več kot eno
OPOMBA 1: Uporabijo se lahko notranje, skupne notranje ali zunanje mere. To vodi do različnih površin za isto stavbo.
OPOMBA 2: Nekateri sistemi, na primer razsvetljava ali prezračevanje, se lahko uporabljajo tudi za površine, ki niso
vključene v to definicijo (na primer parkirišče).
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
OPOMBA 3: Natančno definicijo površine z uravnavanimi pogoji podajo nacionalni zakonodajni organi.
OPOMBA 4: »Površina z uravnavanimi pogoji« je lahko privzeta kot uporabna površina, omenjena v točkah 5, 6 in 7 EPBD,
razen če v nacionalnih predpisih ni določeno drugače.
3.2.7
izračun s spojenimi conami
izračun z več conami s toplotnim spojem med conami, ki upošteva vsak prenos toplote s prehodom
in/ali prezračevanjem in/ali menjavo zraka med conami
3.2.8
izračun z nespojenimi conami
izračun z več conami brez toplotnega spoja med conami, ki ne upošteva nobenega prenosa toplote s
prehodom in/ali prezračevanjem in/ali menjavo zraka med conami
3.2.9
projicirana površina elementov za sprejem sonca
površina projekcije elementa na ravnino, vzporedno s prozornim ali prosojnim delom elementa
OPOMBA: V primeru neravnega elementa se to nanaša na navidezno površino najmanjše ravnine, ki povezuje ovoj z
elementom.
PRIMER: Okna.
3.2.10
projicirana površina okvirjev
površina projekcije okvirja na ravnino, vzporedno z zasteklitvijo ali vložkom, ki ga drži okvir
PRIMER: Okenski okvirji.
3.3 Temperature
3.3.1
zunanja temperatura
temperatura zunanjega zraka
OPOMBA 1: Za izračun toplotnih izgub zaradi prehoda toplote se predpostavi, da je zunanja sevalna temperatura enaka
temperaturi zraka; dolgovalovno sevanje v nebo z gradbenih elementov, ki so obrnjeni k nebu, se računa ločeno
(glej 11.3.5 in/ali 11.4.6).
OPOMBA 2: Merjenje temperature zunanjega zraka je določeno v ISO 15927-1.
3.3.2
notranja temperatura
aritmetična srednja vrednost temperature zraka in srednje sevalne temperature na sredini prostora ali cone
OPOMBA: To je približek delovne temperature v skladu z ISO 7726.
3.3.3
nastavljena vrednost (notranje) temperature
notranja (najnižja) temperatura, nastavljena s krmilnim sistemom v načinu ogrevanja, ali notranja
(najvišja) temperatura, nastavljena s krmilnim sistemom v načinu hlajenja
OPOMBA: Vrednosti so določene na nacionalni ravni v odvisnosti od vrste prostora in namena izračuna. Glej tudi definicijo
prostora z uravnavanimi pogoji (3.2.3). Pri mesečni in sezonski metodi lahko nastavljena vrednost vsebuje tudi
dodatek za prekinjeno ogrevanje, kot je določeno v 13.2.2.
3.3.4
temperatura znižanja
najnižja notranja temperatura, ki se vzdržuje med obdobjem znižanja temperature ogrevanja, ali
najvišja notranja temperatura, ki se vzdržuje med obdobjem zvišanja temperature hlajenja
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
3.3.5
prekinjeno ogrevanje ali hlajenje
režim oziroma vzorec ogrevanja ali hlajenja, kjer se menja obdobje normalnega ogrevanja ali hlajenja
z obdobji z zmanjšanim ali povsem prekinjenim ogrevanjem ali hlajenjem
3.4 Energija
3.4.1
potrebna energija za ogrevanje ali hlajenje
energija, ki jo je treba dovesti ali odvesti iz prostora z uravnavanimi pogoji za vzdrževanje predvidenih
temperaturnih pogojev v določenem časovnem obdobju
OPOMBA 1: Potrebna energija se računa in je ni enostavno izmeriti.
OPOMBA 2: Potrebna energija lahko vključuje dodatni prenos toplote zaradi neenakomerne porazdelitve temperature in
neidealnega uravnavanja temperature, če je njihova posledica zviševanje (zniževanje) efektivne temperature za
ogrevanje (hlajenje) in niso všteti v prenos toplote pri izračunu sistema ogrevanja (hlajenja).
3.4.2
pomožna energija
električna energija, porabljena za delovanje sistemov ogrevanja, hlajenja, prezračevanja in/ali priprave
tople vode pri pretvorbi energije za zadovoljevanje energijskih potreb stavbe
OPOMBA 1: Vključena je energija za ventilatorje, črpalke, elektronske naprave itd. Električna energija, vnesena v
prezračevalni sistem za transport zraka in vračanje toplote, se ne upošteva kot pomožna energija, temveč kot
raba energije za prezračevanje (3.4.11).
OPOMBA 2: V ISO 9488 je energija za pogon črpalk in ventilov imenovana »parazitska energija«.
3.4.3
tehnični sistemi v stavbi
tehnična oprema za ogrevanje, hlajenje, prezračevanje, pripravo tople vode, razsvetljavo in
proizvodnjo elektrike
OPOMBA 1: Tehnični sistem v stavbi se lahko nanaša na eno ali več potreb v stavbi (na primer ogrevalni sistem, ogrevalni
sistem s pripravo tople vode).
OPOMBA 2: Tehnični sistem v stavbi je sestavljen iz več tehničnih podsistemov.
OPOMBA 3: Proizvodnja elektrike lahko vključuje kogeneracijo (soproizvodnja toplote in elektrike) in fotonapetostne sisteme.
3.4.4
tehnični podsistemi v stavbi
del tehničnega sistema, ki opravlja določeno funkcijo (na primer proizvodnja toplote, razvod toplote,
oddaja toplote)
3.4.5
energijska raba stavbe
energijska raba stavbe, ki jih pokrivajo tehnični sistemi v stavbi za zagotavljanje notranjih klimatskih
pogojev, pripravo tople vode, osvetljenost in druge rabe glede na uporabo stavbe
3.4.6
toplotne izgube sistema
toplotne izgube tehničnega sistema v stavbi za ogrevanje, hlajenje, pripravo tople vode, navlaževanje,
razvlaževanje ali prezračevanje, ki ne prispevajo h koristni energiji sistema
OPOMBA 1: Izguba sistema lahko postane notranji vir toplote, če je vračljiva.
OPOMBA 2: Toplotna energija, ki se vrača neposredno v podsistem, se ne šteje za toplotno izgubo, temveč za vrnjeno
toploto in se obravnava neposredno v standardu, ki obravnava ta sistem.
OPOMBA 3: Toplota, ki jo oddaja sistem za razsvetljavo ali druge naprave (na primer računalniška oprema), ni del toplotnih
izgub sistema, temveč del notranjih virov toplote.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
3.4.7
vračljive toplotne izgube sistema
del toplotnih izgub tehničnega sistema, ki se lahko ponovno uporabijo bodisi za zmanjšanje potrebe
po energiji za ogrevanje ali hlajenje ali za zmanjšanje rabe energije sistema za ogrevanje ali hlajenje
OPOMBA 1: To je odvisno od tega, če se vračljive toplotne izgube sistema upoštevajo neposredno kot zmanjšanje izgub na
sistemu.
OPOMBA 2: V tem mednarodnem standardu se vračljive toplotne izgube sistema upoštevajo kot del notranjih toplotnih virov,
če niso neposredno upoštevane kot zmanjšanje izgub sistema. Na nacionalni ravni se lahko določi, da se
vračljive toplotne izgube sistema obravnavajo ločeno od drugih notranjih virov toplote.
3.4.8
vrnjene toplotne izgube sistema
del vračljivih toplotnih izgub sistema, ki je bil ponovno uporabljen bodisi za zmanjšanje potrebe po
energiji za ogrevanje ali hlajenje ali za zmanjšanje rabe energije sistema za ogrevanje ali hlajenje
OPOMBA 1: To je odvisno od tega, ali se vračljive toplotne izgube sistema upoštevajo neposredno kot zmanjšanje izgub v
sistemu.
3.4.9
raba energije za ogrevanje ali hlajenje
vnos energije v sistem za ogrevanje ali hlajenje za zadoščanje energijskih potreb za ogrevanje ali
hlajenje
OPOMBA: Če je tehnični sistem v stavbi namenjen za pokrivanje različnih energijskih potreb (na primer ogrevanje in
priprava tople vode), je lahko zelo težko ločiti rabo energije za posamezne potrebe. Navede se lahko kot
kombinirana vrednost (na primer raba energije za ogrevanje in pripravo tople vode).
3.4.10
dovedena energija za ogrevanje ali hlajenje prostorov
energija, izražena po posameznih energentih, dovedena v tehnični sistem v stavbi skozi meje sistema,
da se zadosti rabi energije (ogrevanje, hlajenje, prezračevanje, priprava tople vode, razsvetljava,
električne naprave itd.) ali za proizvodnjo elektrike
OPOMBA 1: Pri aktivnih solarnih sistemih in sistemih za izkoriščanje energije vetra vpadla energija sonca na sprejemnike
sončne energije oziroma kinetična energija vetra ni del energijske bilance stavbe.
OPOMBA 2: Dovedena energija se lahko določa računsko ali se meri.
3.4.11
raba energije za prezračevanje
vnesena električna energija v sistem za prezračevanje za transport zraka in vračanje toplote (ni vštet
vnos energije za predgrevanje ali predhlajenje zraka) in vnos energije v sistem za vlaženje za
doseganje ustrezne zračne vlage
3.4.12
potrebna energija za navlaževanje ali razvlaževanje
latentna toplota vodne pare, ki jo mora tehnični stavbni sistem dovesti v prostor ali odvesti iz njega z
uravnavanimi pogoji za vzdrževanje določene najnižje ali najvišje vlažnosti zraka v prostoru
3.4.13
raba energije za druge naprave
vnesena električna energija za delovanje naprav za druge potrebe
OPOMBA: Nanaša se na naprave, ki niso naprave za ogrevanje, hlajenje, pripravo tople vode, prezračevanje in
razsvetljavo.
3.4.14
vračanje toplote odpadnega zraka
toplota, vrnjena iz odtočnega zraka za zmanjševanje toplotnih izgub zaradi prezračevanja
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
3.5 Prenos toplote v stavbi
3.5.1
koeficient celotnih toplotnih izgub
toplotni tok, deljen s temperaturno razliko med dvema okoljema; posebej se uporablja za koeficient
toplotnih izgub zaradi prehoda (transmisije) ali prezračevanja
OPOMBA: V nasprotju z dobitki toplote je vzrok za prenos toplote razlika med temperaturo v obravnavanem prostoru in
temperaturo okolice na drugi strani (v primeru prehoda) ali temperaturo dovedenega zraka (v primeru
prezračevanja).
3.5.2
koeficient transmisijskih toplotnih izgub
toplotni tok zaradi prehoda toplote skozi ovoj stavbe, deljen s temperaturno razliko med okoljema na
obeh straneh konstrukcije
OPOMBA: Po dogovoru ima toplotni tok, usmerjen ven iz prostora (toplotne izgube), pozitivni predznak.
3.5.3
koeficient prezračevalnih toplotnih izgub
toplotni tok zaradi vstopa zraka v zaprt prostor bodisi zaradi naravnega ali umetnega prezračevanja,
deljen s temperaturno razliko med temperaturo notranjega zraka in temperaturo dovedenega zraka
OPOMBA: Koeficient ima vedno pozitivni predznak. Po dogovoru ima toplotni tok pozitivni predznak, če je temperatura
dovedenega zraka nižja od temperature notranjega zraka (toplotne izgube).
3.6 Toplotni dobitki v stavbi in vračljive toplotne izgube sistemov
3.6.1
toplotni dobitki
toplota, ki je proizvedena v prostoru ali ki nastaja v prostoru z uravnavanimi pogoji od izvorov toplote,
ki niso namenjeni za ogrevanje, hlajenje ali pripravo tople vode
OPOMBA 1: Sestavljeni so iz dobitkov notranjih virov in dobitkov sončnega sevanja. Ponori toplote, ki odvajajo toploto iz
prostorov, se upoštevajo kot viri z negativnim predznakom. V nasprotju s prenosom toplote, temperaturna
razlika med temperaturo prostora in temperaturo vira ne povzroča toplotnega toka virov (ponorov) toplote.
OPOMBA 2: V poletnih razmerah predstavljajo toplotni dobitki s pozitivnim predznakom dodatno toplotno obremenitev
prostora.
3.6.2
dobitki notranjih virov
toplota, ki jo znotraj stavbe oddajajo uporabniki (metabolična toplota) ali naprave, kot so gospodinjski
aparati, pisarniške naprave itd., razen naprav, ki so namenjene ogrevanju, hlajenju ali pripravi tople
vode
OPOMBA 1: V tem mednarodnem standardu se vračljive toplotne izgube sistema upoštevajo kot del notranjih toplotnih virov,
če niso neposredno upoštevane kot zmanjšanje izgub sistema. Na nacionalni ravni se lahko določi, da se
vračljive toplotne izgube sistema obravnavajo ločeno od drugih notranjih virov toplote.
OPOMBA 2: Upoštevana je toplota iz procesnih virov (toplota) ali (hlad) v procesne vire, ki niso namenjeni ogrevanju,
hlajenju ali pripravi tople vode. Toplota, vzeta iz stavbe iz notranjega okolja v hladne vire (ponori), je upoštevana
kot vir z negativnim predznakom.
3.6.3
dobitki sončnega sevanja
toplota zaradi sončnega sevanja, ki vstopa v stavbo neposredno ali posredno (po absorpciji v stavbnih
elementih) skozi okna, stene in streho ali pasivne sončne sisteme, kot so steklenjaki, prosojna
toplotna izolacija in sončne stene
OPOMBA: Aktivne naprave za izkoriščanje energije sonca, kot so sprejemniki sončne energije, so upoštevane kot del
tehničnih sistemov v stavbi.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
3.6.4
koristni toplotni dobitki
delež toplotnih dobitkov in dobitkov sončnega sevanja, ki prispevajo k zmanjšanju energije, potrebne
za ogrevanje
3.6.5
sončno obsevanje
vpadla energija sonca na določeno površino
3.7 Energetska bilanca stavbe
3.7.1
izkoristek dobitkov
faktor, ki zmanjšuje mesečne ali sezonske toplotne dobitke v mesečni ali sezonski računski metodi za
izračun zmanjšanja potrebne energije stavbe za ogrevanje
OPOMBA: Ta faktor se lahko uporabi v mesečni ali sezonski računski metodi za izračun potrebnega hladu za hlajenje, če
se uporabi alternativna metoda, opisana v dodatku D.
3.7.2
izkoristek izgub
faktor, ki zmanjšuje mesečni ali sezonski prenos toplote v mesečni ali sezonski računski metodi za
izračun zmanjšanja potrebne energije stavbe za hlajenje
OPOMBA: Tradicionalni izraz »izguba«, ki se praviloma uporablja le pri načinu ogrevanja, je ohranjen za izkoristek izgub;
če so izgube »negativne«, izkoristka izgub ni.
3.7.3
razmerje toplota-bilanca
mesečni ali sezonski toplotni dobitki, deljeni z mesečnim ali sezonskim prenosom toplote
4 Simboli
V preglednici 1 so navedeni simboli, ki se uporabljajo v tem mednarodnem standardu.
V preglednici 2 so navedeni indeksi, ki se uporabljajo v tem mednarodnem standardu.
SIST EN ISO 13790 : 2008
Preglednica 1: Simboli in enote
Simbol Ime veličine Enota
A
površina m
a številski parameter v faktorju izrabe 1
B korekcijski faktor za neogrevan sosednji prostor 1
C
efektivna toplotna kapacitivnost cone J/K
c specifična toplotna
...
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