EN ISO 52016-3:2023
(Main)Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads - Part 3: Calculation procedures regarding adaptive building envelope elements (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads - Part 3: Calculation procedures regarding adaptive building envelope elements (ISO 52016-3:2023)
This document specifies procedures for the calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads of a building according to the hourly calculation methodology in ISO 52016-1. Additions or modifications of the calculations are provided in this document if the building envelope contains one or more adaptive building envelope elements (building envelope elements with adaptive components that are either environmentally or actively controlled as a function of specific conditions). The adaptive building envelope element replaces the transparent building element in the calculation according to ISO 52016-1.
The three types of adaptive building envelope elements covered in this document are:
— building envelope elements with dynamic solar shading;
— building envelope elements with chromogenic glazing;
— building envelope elements with an actively ventilated cavity.
Environmentally activated control is described for building envelope elements with chromogenic glazing, but can also occur for other types of adaptive building envelope elements. In that case the same approach applies as for environmentally activated chromogenic glazing.
This document is applicable to the assessment of the energy performance of buildings (EPB) (energy performance labels and certificates), including comparison between buildings and checking conformity with minimum energy performance criteria.
It is also applicable to assess the contribution of the adaptive building envelope element to the smart readiness of a building.
In addition, this document provides indicators for the impact of the adaptive building envelope element on the performance of the building compared to a reference building envelope element. It is applicable to buildings at the design stage, to new buildings after construction and to existing buildings in the use phase.
This document is not applicable to geometrically complex adaptive building envelope elements that can only be modelled as multiple coupled thermal zones.
NOTE The background to the selection of adaptive building envelope elements is given in ISO/TR 52016-4.
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Energiebedarf für Heizung und Kühlung, Innentemperaturen sowie fühlbare und latente Heizlasten - Teil 3: Berechnungsverfahren für adaptive Elemente der Gebäudehülle (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Dieses Dokument stellt Verfahren für die Berechnung des Energiebedarfs für Heizung und Kühlung, Innentemperaturen sowie fühlbarer und latenter Wärmelasten nach dem stündlichen Berechnungsverfahren in ISO 52016 1 vor. Dieses Dokument enthält Ergänzungen oder Änderungen der Berechnungen, wenn die Gebäudehülle ein oder mehrere adaptive Gebäudehüllenelemente (Gebäudehüllenelemente mit adaptiven Komponenten, die entweder umgebungsbezogen oder aktiv in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Bedingungen gesteuert werden) enthält. Das adaptive Gebäudehüllenelement ersetzt das transparente Gebäudeelement in der Berechnung nach ISO 52016 1.
Die drei in diesem Dokument behandelten Arten adaptiver Gebäudehüllenelemente sind:
Gebäudehüllenelemente mit dynamischem Sonnenschutz;
Gebäudehüllenelemente mit chromogener Verglasung;
Gebäudehüllenelemente mit aktiv belüftetem Hohlraum.
Die umgebungsaktivierte Steuerung wird für Gebäudehüllenelemente mit chromogener Verglasung beschrieben, kann jedoch auch bei anderen Arten adaptiver Gebäudehüllenelemente auftreten. In diesem Fall ist die gleiche Vorgehensweise wie bei umgebungsaktivierter chromogener Verglasung anwendbar.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die Bewertung der Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden (EPB) (Energie-Labels und Ausweise), einschließlich des Vergleichs zwischen Gebäuden und der Überprüfung der Übereinstimmung mit Mindestkriterien für die Energieeffizienz.
Es ist auch anwendbar, um den Beitrag der adaptiven Gebäudehülle zur Smart-Bereitschaft eines Gebäudes zu bewerten.
Darüber hinaus stellt dieses Dokument Indikatoren für die Auswirkungen des adaptiven Gebäudehüllenelements auf die Leistung des Gebäudes im Vergleich zu einem Referenzgebäudehüllenelement bereit. Es ist anwendbar für Gebäude in der Entwurfsphase, für neue Gebäude nach der Bauphase und für bestehende Gebäude in der Nutzungsphase.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar auf geometrisch komplexe adaptive Gebäudehüllenelemente, die nur als mehrere gekoppelte thermische Zonen modelliert werden können.
ANMERKUNG Der Hintergrund für die Auswahl adaptiver Gebäudehüllenelemente wird in ISO/TR 52016 4 erläutert.
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Besoins d’énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et latente - Partie 3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe du bâtiment (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes de calcul des besoins d’énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les charges de chaleurs sensible et latente d’un bâtiment conformément à la méthodologie de calcul horaire de l’ISO 52016-1. Des ajouts ou des modifications de calculs sont fournis dans le présent document si l’enveloppe du bâtiment contient un ou plusieurs éléments adaptables (éléments de l’enveloppe du bâtiment dotés de composants adaptables qui sont régulés soit par l’environnement soit de façon active en fonction de conditions spécifiques). L’élément adaptable de l’enveloppe du bâtiment remplace l’élément de bâtiment transparent dans le calcul conformément à l’ISO 52016-1.
Les trois types d’éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe du bâtiment couverts par le présent document sont les suivants:
— les éléments de l’enveloppe du bâtiment dotés d’une protection solaire dynamique;
— les éléments de l’enveloppe du bâtiment dotés d’un vitrage chromogène;
— les éléments de l’enveloppe du bâtiment dotés d’une cavité à ventilation active.
La régulation activée par l’environnement est décrite pour les éléments de l’enveloppe du bâtiment dotés d’un vitrage chromogène, mais peut également se produire pour d’autres types d’éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe du bâtiment. Dans ce cas, la même approche que pour le vitrage chromogène activé par l’environnement s’applique.
Le présent document s’applique à l’évaluation de la performance énergétique des bâtiments (PEB) (étiquettes et certificats de performance énergétique), y compris à la comparaison entre les bâtiments et à la vérification de la conformité par rapport aux critères de performance énergétique minimale.
Il s’applique également à l’évaluation de la contribution de l’élément adaptable de l’enveloppe du bâtiment au degré de préparation d’un bâtiment intelligent.
En outre, le présent document fournit des indicateurs d’impact de l’élément adaptable de l’enveloppe du bâtiment sur la performance du bâtiment par rapport à un élément de référence de l’enveloppe du bâtiment. Il s’applique aux bâtiments au stade de la conception, aux bâtiments neufs après leur construction et aux bâtiments existants dans la phase d’utilisation.
Il ne s’applique pas aux éléments adaptables, géométriquement complexes, de l’enveloppe du bâtiment qui peuvent être modélisés uniquement sous la forme de multiples zones thermiques couplées.
NOTE Le contexte de la sélection d’éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe du bâtiment est donné dans l’ISO/TR 52016-4.
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje, notranje temperature ter zaznavna in latentna toplotna obremenitev - 3. del: Računski postopki v zvezi z adaptivnimi elementi ovoja stavbe (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Ta dokument določa računske postopke za potrebno energijo za ogrevanje in hlajenje,
notranjo temperaturo in zaznavne in latentne toplotne obremenitve stavbe v skladu z metodologijo urnega izračuna iz standarda ISO 52016-1. Dodatki ali spremembe izračunov so podani v tem dokumentu, če ovoj stavbe vsebuje enega ali več adaptivnih elementov (elemente ovoja stavbe z adaptivnimi elementi se okoljsko ali aktivno nadzoruje kot funkcija določenih pogojev). Adaptivni element ovoja stavbe v izračunu zamenja prosojni gradbeni element v skladu s standardom ISO 52016-1.
V tem dokumentu so zajeti trije adaptivni elementi ovoja stavbe:
– elementi ovoja stavbe z dinamičnim solarnim senčenjem;
– elementi ovoja stavbe s kromogeno zasteklitvijo;
– elementi ovoja stavbe z aktivno prezračevano odprtino.
Okoljsko aktiviran nadzor je opisan za elemente ovoja stavbe s kromogeno
zasteklitvijo, ampak se lahko pojavi tudi pri drugih adaptivnih elementih ovoja stavbe. V tem primeru velja enak pristop kot pri okoljsko aktivirani kromogeni zasteklitvi.
Ta dokument se uporablja za ocenjevanje energetske učinkovitosti stavb (EPB) (oznake
energetske učinkovitosti in energetske izkaznice), vključno s primerjavo med stavbami, in preverjanje skladnosti
z minimalnimi merili energetske učinkovitosti.
Prav tako se uporablja za ocenjevanje števila adaptivnih elementov ovoja stavbe, ki prispevajo k
pripravljenosti stavbe na pametne sisteme.
Poleg tega dokument podaja kazalce za vpliv adaptivnega elementa ovoja stavbe
na učinkovitost stavbe v primerjavi z referenčnim elementom ovoja stavbe. Uporablja se za
stavbe v fazi projektiranja, za nove stavbe po gradnji in za obstoječe stavbe v fazi
uporabe.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za geometrijsko zapletene adaptivne elemente ovoja stavbe, ki jih je mogoče modelirati samo kot več povezanih toplotnih con.
OPOMBA: Ozadje za izbiro adaptivnih elementov ovoja stavbe je podano v standardu ISO/TR 52016-4.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2024
Energetska učinkovitost stavb - Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje,
notranje temperature ter zaznavna in latentna toplotna obremenitev - 3. del:
Računski postopki v zvezi z adaptivnimi elementi ovoja stavbe (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal
temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads - Part 3: Calculation procedures
regarding adaptive building envelope elements (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Energiebedarf für Heizung und Kühlung,
Innentemperaturen sowie fühlbare und latente Heizlasten - Teil 3: Berechnungsverfahren
für adaptive Elemente der Gebäudehülle (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Besoins d’énergie pour le chauffage et le
refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et latente - Partie
3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe du bâtiment (ISO 52016-
3:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 52016-3:2023
ICS:
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 52016-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for
heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads - Part 3: Calculation procedures
regarding adaptive building envelope elements (ISO
52016-3:2023)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Besoins Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden -
d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, les Energiebedarf für Heizung und Kühlung,
températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et Innentemperaturen sowie fühlbare und latente
latente - Partie 3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments Heizlasten - Teil 3: Berechnungsverfahren für adaptive
adaptables de l'enveloppe du bâtiment (ISO 52016- Elemente der Gebäudehülle (ISO 52016-3:2023)
3:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 September 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 52016-3:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 52016-3:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163
"Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 52016-3:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 52016-3:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 52016-3
First edition
2023-09
Energy performance of buildings —
Energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads —
Part 3:
Calculation procedures regarding
adaptive building envelope elements
Performance énergétique des bâtiments — Besoins d’énergie pour
le chauffage et le refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les
chaleurs sensible et latente —
Partie 3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe
du bâtiment
Reference number
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviated terms . 4
4.1 Symbols . 4
4.2 Subscripts . . 5
4.3 Abbreviated terms . 7
5 Description of the method . 7
5.1 Output of the method . . 7
5.2 General description of the method . 7
6 Calculation method . 9
6.1 Output data . 9
6.2 Calculation time intervals . 10
6.3 Input data . 10
6.3.1 General . 10
6.3.2 Input data of a simplified adaptive building envelope element . 11
6.3.3 Input data of a detailed adaptive building envelope element . 11
6.3.4 Control related input data . 13
6.3.5 Climatic input data . 15
6.3.6 Constants and physical data . 15
6.3.7 Input data from Annex A and Annex B . 15
6.4 Properties of the adaptive building envelope element . 15
6.4.1 General .15
6.4.2 Simplified or detailed adaptive building envelope element . 16
6.4.3 Properties of a simplified adaptive building envelope element . 17
6.4.4 Model and properties of a detailed adaptive building envelope element . 24
6.5 Connection of the model of the adaptive building envelope element to the model of
the thermal zone of ISO 52016-1 . 25
6.5.1 Simplified adaptive building envelope element . 25
6.5.2 Detailed adaptive building envelope element . 25
6.6 Selection of control type .25
6.7 Modelling of the control of the environmentally activated adaptive building
envelope element .26
6.8 Modelling of the control scenario for the actively controlled adaptive building
envelope element . 27
6.8.1 General . 27
6.8.2 Selection of conditions and events . 27
6.8.3 Selection of sensors.29
6.8.4 Selection of methods to identify the conditions or events .29
6.8.5 Basic rules for the reference control scenario .36
6.8.6 Modelling of the user behaviour .38
6.8.7 Reference control scenarios .39
6.9 Hourly calculation procedures . 42
6.10 Post-processing: performance characteristics . 42
7 Quality control .43
8 Conformance check .43
Annex A (normative) Input and method selection data sheet — Template .45
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices .46
iii
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Annex C (normative) Reference control scenarios for adaptive building envelope elements
with active solar shading or chromogenic glazing .48
Bibliography .54
iv
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy
use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of
buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all the parts in the ISO 52016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Introduction
This document, along with other international standards, assesses the overall energy performance of
buildings (EPB). Throughout this document, this group of standards is referred to as the “set of EPB
1)
standards”. A list of the standards in this set can be found on the EPB Center website.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
The main target groups for this document are architects, engineers and regulators.
Further target groups are parties who want to motivate their assumptions by classifying the EPB for a
dedicated building stock.
This document is also important for manufacturers and suppliers of adaptive building envelope
elements.
Background information, including justification, explanation and demonstration of the calculation
2)
procedures in this document, is provided in ISO/TR 52016-4 .
The subset of EPB standards prepared under the responsibility of ISO/TC 163/SC 2 cover inter alia:
— calculation procedures on the overall energy use and EPB;
— calculation procedures on the internal temperature in buildings (e.g. in case of no space heating or
cooling);
— indicators for partial EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and fabric features;
— calculation methods covering the performance and thermal, hygrothermal, solar and visual
characteristics of specific parts of the building and specific building elements and components, such
as opaque envelope elements, ground floor, windows and facades.
ISO/TC 163/SC 2 cooperates with other Technical Committees for the details on, for example, appliances,
technical building systems and indoor environment.
This document presents procedures for taking into account the effect of adaptive building envelope
elements in the calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and
sensible and latent heat loads according to ISO 52016-1.
This document takes precedence if there is a conflict with any provision in ISO 52016-1.
NOTE 1 For instance some of the simplified calculation procedures in ISO 52016-1:2017, Annex G, Dynamic
transparent building elements, are in conflict with the more refined procedures in this document.
Default references to EPB standards other than ISO 52000-1 are identified by the EPB module code
number and given in Annex A (normative template in Table A.1) and Annex B (informative default choice
in Table B.1).
EXAMPLE EPB module code number: M5–5, or M5–5.1 (if module M5–5 is subdivided), or M5–5/1 (if
reference to a specific clause of the standard covering M5–5).
1) https://epb.center/support/documents.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/WD TR 52016-4.
vi
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Table 1 shows the relative position of this document within the set of EPB standards in the context of
the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1.
[7]
NOTE 2 In ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant
EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or under preparation.
NOTE 3 The modules in Tables A.1 and B.1 represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard can cover
more than one module and one module can be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified
and a detailed method respectively.
Table 1 — Position of this document (in casu M2-2 and M2-3), within the modular structure of
the set of EPB standards
Building
Overarching Technical building systems
(as such)
e.g.
Submod- Descrip- Descrip-
PV,
ule tions tions
wind
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Gener-
1 General General
al
Common ISO
terms and 52016-
Building
definitions; 3 (this
a
2 energy Needs
symbols, docu-
needs
units and ment)
subscripts
(Free) ISO
Maxi-
Indoor 52016-
mum
Applica- condi- 3 (this
3 load
tions tions docu-
and
without ment)
power
systems
Ways
Ways to
Ways to to ex-
express
express press
4 energy
energy per- energy
perfor-
formance perfor-
mance
mance
Building
Heat Emis-
categories
transfer sion
5 and build-
by trans- and
ing bounda-
mission control
ries
Heat
Building
transfer Distri-
occupan-
by infil- bution
6 cy and
tration and
operating
and ven- control
conditions
tilation
a
The shaded modules are not applicable.
vii
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic hot
water
Lighting
Building automa-
tion and control
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Building
Overarching Technical building systems
(as such)
e.g.
Submod- Descrip- Descrip-
PV,
ule tions tions
wind
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Aggre-
gation of Stor-
Internal
energy age
7 heat
services and
gains
and energy control
carriers
Gener-
Solar
Building ation
8 heat
zoning and
gains
control
Load
dis-
Building patch-
Calculated
dynamics ing and
9 energy per-
(thermal oper-
formance
mass) ating
condi-
tions
Meas- Meas-
Measured ured ured
10 energy per- energy energy
formance perfor- perfor-
mance mance
In-
Inspec-
11 Inspection spec-
tion
tion
Ways to
express
12 BMS
indoor
comfort
External
environ-
ment condi-
tions
Economic
calculation
a
The shaded modules are not applicable.
viii
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic hot
water
Lighting
Building automa-
tion and control
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Energy performance of buildings — Energy needs for
heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads —
Part 3:
Calculation procedures regarding adaptive building
envelope elements
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for the calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads of a building according to the hourly
calculation methodology in ISO 52016-1. Additions or modifications of the calculations are provided
in this document if the building envelope contains one or more adaptive building envelope elements
(building envelope elements with adaptive components that are either environmentally or actively
controlled as a function of specific conditions). The adaptive building envelope element replaces the
transparent building element in the calculation according to ISO 52016-1.
The three types of adaptive building envelope elements covered in this document are:
— building envelope elements with dynamic solar shading;
— building envelope elements with chromogenic glazing;
— building envelope elements with an actively ventilated cavity.
Environmentally activated control is described for building envelope elements with chromogenic
glazing, but can also occur for other types of adaptive building envelope elements. In that case the same
approach applies as for environmentally activated chromogenic glazing.
This document is applicable to the assessment of the energy performance of buildings (EPB) (energy
performance labels and certificates), including comparison between buildings and checking conformity
with minimum energy performance criteria.
It is also applicable to assess the contribution of the adaptive building envelope element to the smart
readiness of a building.
In addition, this document provides indicators for the impact of the adaptive building envelope element
on the performance of the building compared to a reference building envelope element. It is applicable
to buildings at the design stage, to new buildings after construction and to existing buildings in the use
phase.
This document is not applicable to geometrically complex adaptive building envelope elements that can
only be modelled as multiple coupled thermal zones.
NOTE The background to the selection of adaptive building envelope elements is given in ISO/TR 52016-4.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 15099, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices — Detailed calculations
ISO 52000-1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General
framework and procedures
ISO 52016-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal
temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads — Part 1: Calculation procedures
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9488, ISO 52000-1,
ISO 52016-1, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
adaptive building envelope element
building envelope or part of it with at least one layer having physical properties that can be adapted in a
reversible way as a (passive, intrinsic) response to transient conditions or actively controlled to adjust
to transient conditions or changing priorities
Note 1 to entry: A part of a building envelope can be a product or assembly consisting of single or multiple layers,
usually with transparent components.
EXAMPLE 1 Examples of an adaptive building envelope element:
— a window or facade with dynamic solar shading (3.7) (blind or shutter);
— a window with chromogenic glazing (3.6);
— a window or façade with an actively ventilated cavity (3.8).
EXAMPLE 2 Examples of conditions:
— external, such as climate;
— internal, such as occupants’ requirements;
— local, such as material temperature.
EXAMPLE 3 Example of physical properties:
— thermal;
— optical;
— structural.
EXAMPLE 4 Example of changing priorities:
— minimizing the building energy use;
— optimizing indoor environment conditions;
— minimizing glare;
— maximizing privacy.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
3.2
actively controlled adaptive component
component with properties that vary as a function of specific situations or events, which can be the
result of an active intervention
EXAMPLE Examples of such specific situations or events: set points (e.g. time, temperature, air flow,
irradiance, illuminance), occupant intervention, complex algorithm.
3.3
environmentally activated adaptive component
component with properties that vary passively as a function of specific situations or events due to an
intrinsic characteristic, without the possibility for an active intervention
EXAMPLE Examples of such specific situations or events: material temperature, irradiance or illuminance,
solar position.
Note 1 to entry: Also known as passive or intrinsic control.
3.4
environmentally activated adaptive building envelope element
building envelope element with one or more environmentally activated adaptive components
3.5
actively controlled adaptive building envelope element
building envelope element with one or more actively controlled adaptive components
3.6
chromogenic glazing
glazing with optical and visual properties that can vary (passively or actively) as a function of a specific
environmental condition
EXAMPLE
— thermochromic glazing (passive);
— thermotropic glazing (passive).
— photochromic glazing (passive);
— electrochromic glazing (active);
— liquid crystal glazing (active);
— suspended particle device (active).
3.7
dynamic solar shading
product installed to provide or modify characteristics (e.g. thermal, visual, security level) of a window,
door, curtain walling or facade, to which it is applied
EXAMPLE
— internal blind (e.g. venetian blind, roller blind, vertical blind, pleated blind, honeycomb blind);
— external blind (e.g. vertical roller blind, external venetian blind);
— integrated blind (e.g. venetian blind, roller blind);
— blind in a closed cavity façade (e.g. unventilated);
— shutters (e.g. roller shutter, wing shutter, concertina shutter).
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN 12216:2018, 3.1.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
3.8
actively ventilated cavity
cavity between two layers of glazings, or similar material, that is part of a building envelope element
that can be intentionally ventilated with the purpose to exchange heat between the air and these layers
or the internal environment
EXAMPLE Naturally, hybrid or mechanically ventilated cavity
— in a double envelope facade,
— in a window with integrated venetian or roller blinds, and
— with fixed or operated vent openings.
Note 1 to entry: A building envelope element with ventilation openings that can be operated to control ventilation
of the building or building part, without thermal interaction within the building envelope element itself, is not
considered as an adaptive building envelope element (3.1) with actively ventilated cavity. This also applies to
ventilative cooling, which is a complementary potential technique to decrease the need for mechanical cooling
and to increase thermal comfort.
3.9
simplified adaptive building envelope element
adaptive building envelope element (3.1) that is described with a model in which the thermal, daylight
and solar properties, for a given state, can be pre-calculated
Note 1 to entry: The same (simplified) model as used to describe a transparent building element in
ISO 52016-1:2017, 6.5.7.4.
3.10
detailed adaptive building envelope element
adaptive building envelope element (3.1) that is described with a more complex model than a simplified
adaptive building envelope element (3.9)
Note 1 to entry: For a given state, the thermal, daylight and solar properties of the adaptive building envelope
element depend on the conditions. These are calculated at each time interval on the basis of the model and the
properties of the individual components.
3.11
illuminance
quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface containing
the point, divided by the area of that element
−2
Note 1 to entry: This is expressed in lux, 1 lx = 1 lm·m .
[SOURCE: ISO 16817:2017, 3.12, modified — Symbols were removed.]
3.12
daylight illuminance
E
v
illuminance produced by daylight
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in ISO 52000-1 and the following apply.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Table 2 — Symbols
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
A area m
a solar absorption coefficient —
sol
b temperature reduction factor —
E daylight illuminance lx
v
g total solar energy transmittance —
H height m
2.
h surface coefficient of heat transfer W/(m K)
I solar irradiance W/m
sol
L Length, width m
N number of items (integer only) —
P probability —
a
Q quantity of heat kWh
q heat flow density W/m
q air (volume) flow rate m /h
V
R thermal resistance m ⋅K/W
T thermodynamic temperature K
T accumulated over- or under-temperature K⋅h
a
t time s
2.
U thermal transmittance W/( m K)
θ Celsius temperature °C
Φ heat flow rate, heat load, power W
a
Hours (h) are used as the unit of time instead of seconds when aggregating heat or energy flow (W) to
quantity of heat or energy (kWh).
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the subscripts given in ISO 52000-1 apply.
In addition, subscripts from ISO 52016-1 that apply to this document are given in Table 3.
NOTE Relevant subscripts already given in ISO 52000-1 are included, if necessary, for the understanding of
this document.
Table 3 — Subscripts from ISO 52016-1 that apply to this document
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
c
a air int internal or indoor s surface
an annual i internal se surface external
a a
C cooling L lighting r radiation, radiative
c structure, construction ld load re radiative external (~r;e)
element
c convection, convective lim limited set set-point
a
Type of energy use (energy service).
b
The subscript "e" is used for the term "external", in contrast with "internal", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"external" to (for instance) a construction in general and "external", meaning outdoor environment, then the term "outdoor"
is recommended for the latter.
c
The subscript "int" is used for the term "internal", in contrast with "external", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"internal" in a construction and "internal" in a building or thermal zone, then the term "indoor" is recommended for the
latter.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 3 3 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
calc calculation lr long-wave radiation sh shading
ce convective external m monthly sht shutter
(~c;e)
ci convective internal mn mean sol solar
(~c;i)
day daily n normal to surface spec specific
dayl daylight nd need st state
b
e external or outdoor noc unoccupied period sup supply
eff effective oc occupants sys system
el element occ occupied period tot total
gl glazing, glazed ele- oel opaque element tr transmission (heat transfer)
ment
a
H heating op operative, opaque V visual
ht heat transfer p projected ve ventilation (heat transfer)
i,j,k,z indexes ri radiative internal w window
(~r;i)
hyst hysteresis zt thermal zone
dglare daylight glare
a
Type of energy use (energy service).
b
The subscript "e" is used for the term "external", in contrast with "internal", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"external" to (for instance) a construction in general and "external", meaning outdoor environment, then the term "outdoor"
is recommended for the latter.
c
The subscript "int" is used for the term "internal", in contrast with "external", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"internal" in a construction and "internal" in a building or thermal zone, then the term "indoor" is recommended for the
latter.
NOTE In this document subscripts that are indexed (counting 1, 2, …) can be found written in two ways:
— the comprehensive way: by adding an index (e.g. i) to the subscript, separated by a comma and written in
italics, e.g. "w,i", for a variable related to a window, for window element i;
— the short way: as the subscript itself written in italics.
EXAMPLE "m" is the monthly value of a variable, for the month m;
— this is short for "m,i": the monthly value of a variable, for the month i.
Similarly, if there is no risk of confusion, it is also possible to write: "wi" instead of "w,i".
Addition subscripts given in Table 4 apply.
Table 4 — Additional subscripts
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
adapt adaptive limHE operative temperature stA, stB, … states of a specific dimension of
limit between heating variation (A, B are placeholders
and neutral mode for more specific subscripts
chro chromogenic limRL upper limit for low ra- vest ventilation related state
diation mode
close closed limRH lower limit for high
radiation mode
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 4 4 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
limCO operative temperature limTH limit between high and
limit between neutral very high operative
and cooling mode temperature
limGY lower limit for glare limTN limit between fine and
mode high operative tem-
perature
limLL limit between normal st state; in case of varia-
and low daylight mode tions in more than one
dimension: a unique
combination of states
in each dimension
4.3 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO 52000-1:2017, Clause 4 and
Table 5 below apply.
Table 5 — Abbreviated terms
Abbreviated Term
term
AVF active ventilated façade
CCD charge-coupled device
DGP daylight glare probability
HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
n.a. not applicable
PIR passive infrared
ZT thermal zone
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output of the method
The output of the calculation is the output of the hourly calculation methodology of ISO 52016-1:2017,
6.1.
Additional output consists of key performance indicators to show the difference between the
performance of the thermal zone with the adaptive building envelope element against reference or
other building envelope elements.
5.2 General description of the method
The calculation procedure consists of the following steps:
Step 1:
Identify the type of adaptive building envelope element (6.4).
Step 2:
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
— If the adaptive building envelope element is “simplified”: gather the input data of the
adaptive building envelope element (see 6.4.3).
— If the adaptive building envelope element is “detailed”: determine the details of the model
the adaptive building envelope element and gather the input data of its components (see
6.4.4).
Step 3:
Connect the model of the adaptive building envelope element to the model of the thermal zone
in ISO 52016-1 (see 6.5).
Step 4:
Select the control scenario
Select the control type (see 6.6)
EXAMPLE 1 Environmentally activated or actively controlled (manual, motorized, automated)
For an environmentally activated adaptive building envelope element (see 6.7)
For an actively controlled adaptive building envelope element (6.8), with the following sub-steps:
a) Select the applicable conditions and events for the control and select which methods
apply to identify the conditions and events (6.8.2).
b) Select the applicable sensors to detect the conditions or events and gather the
associated extra input data (6.8.3).
EXAMPLE 2 Solar irradiance or illuminance meter; clock + location + algorithm to
identify sun position.
c) Selection of methods to identify the conditions or events (6.8.4)
EXAMPLE 3 For daytime versus night time: measured solar irradiance, calculated sun
path or pre-calculated table with sunrise and sunset.
d) Apply the reference control scenario (6.8.7), based on a number of assumptions and
rules (6.8.5 and 6.8.6).
EXAMPLE 4 Roller blinds fully extended when high solar irradiance.
e) Specify the criteria (values) for the conditions and events as a function of control type,
space category and other factors (6.8.7).
Step 5:
Perform the hourly calculation according to ISO 52016-1 with the additions and adaptations
from Step 1 through Step 4 (see 6.9).
Step 6:
Post-processing of the output of the calculation (6.10).
NOTE 1 Worked examples are provided in ISO 52016-4.
The overviews of all output data with indication of the possible destination (6.1) and all input data with
indication of the source (6.3) enable to check the overall consistency between related EPB standards,
where the output of one EPB standard is needed as input for the other.
NOTE 2 This conforms to the common template for each of the EPB standards.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
The first steps of the calculation procedure are more generic than needed for the specific reference
control scenarios. In this way the calculation procedures are ready to cover other, e.g. more novel and
complex technologies, in a later update.
6 Calculation method
6.1 Output data
Subclause 6.1 provides the overview of all output data. When and how these output data are produced
is specified in 6.4 to 6.10.
NOTE This subclause conforms to the common template for each of the EPB standards. It enables to check
input-output relations between the EPB standards and availability of output data.
The output of the calculation is given in ISO 52016-1:2017, Tables 2 to 10. Additional output is given in
Table 6, which lists the key performance indicators
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2024
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Potrebna energija za ogrevanje in hlajenje, notranje
temperature ter zaznavna in latentna toplotna obremenitev - 3. del: Računski
postopki v zvezi z adaptivnimi elementi ovoja stavbe (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal
temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads - Part 3: Calculation procedures
regarding adaptive building envelope elements (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Energieeffizienz von Gebäuden - Energiebedarf für Heizung und Kühlung,
Innentemperaturen sowie fühlbare und latente Heizlasten - Teil 3: Berechnungsverfahren
für adaptive Elemente der Gebäudehülle (ISO 52016-3:2023)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Besoins d’énergie pour le chauffage et le
refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et latente - Partie
3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe du bâtiment (ISO 52016-
3:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 52016-3:2023
ICS:
27.015 Energijska učinkovitost. Energy efficiency. Energy
Ohranjanje energije na conservation in general
splošno
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation of
buildings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 52016-3
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Energy needs for
heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads - Part 3: Calculation procedures
regarding adaptive building envelope elements (ISO
52016-3:2023)
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Besoins Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden -
d'énergie pour le chauffage et le refroidissement, les Energiebedarf für Heizung und Kühlung,
températures intérieures et les chaleurs sensible et Innentemperaturen sowie fühlbare und latente
latente - Partie 3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments Heizlasten - Teil 3: Berechnungsverfahren für adaptive
adaptables de l'enveloppe du bâtiment (ISO 52016- Elemente der Gebäudehülle (ISO 52016-3:2023)
3:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 3 September 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 52016-3:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 52016-3:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163
"Thermal performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of
which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2024, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 52016-3:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 52016-3:2023 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 52016-3
First edition
2023-09
Energy performance of buildings —
Energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads —
Part 3:
Calculation procedures regarding
adaptive building envelope elements
Performance énergétique des bâtiments — Besoins d’énergie pour
le chauffage et le refroidissement, les températures intérieures et les
chaleurs sensible et latente —
Partie 3: Méthodes de calcul des éléments adaptables de l’enveloppe
du bâtiment
Reference number
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviated terms . 4
4.1 Symbols . 4
4.2 Subscripts . . 5
4.3 Abbreviated terms . 7
5 Description of the method . 7
5.1 Output of the method . . 7
5.2 General description of the method . 7
6 Calculation method . 9
6.1 Output data . 9
6.2 Calculation time intervals . 10
6.3 Input data . 10
6.3.1 General . 10
6.3.2 Input data of a simplified adaptive building envelope element . 11
6.3.3 Input data of a detailed adaptive building envelope element . 11
6.3.4 Control related input data . 13
6.3.5 Climatic input data . 15
6.3.6 Constants and physical data . 15
6.3.7 Input data from Annex A and Annex B . 15
6.4 Properties of the adaptive building envelope element . 15
6.4.1 General .15
6.4.2 Simplified or detailed adaptive building envelope element . 16
6.4.3 Properties of a simplified adaptive building envelope element . 17
6.4.4 Model and properties of a detailed adaptive building envelope element . 24
6.5 Connection of the model of the adaptive building envelope element to the model of
the thermal zone of ISO 52016-1 . 25
6.5.1 Simplified adaptive building envelope element . 25
6.5.2 Detailed adaptive building envelope element . 25
6.6 Selection of control type .25
6.7 Modelling of the control of the environmentally activated adaptive building
envelope element .26
6.8 Modelling of the control scenario for the actively controlled adaptive building
envelope element . 27
6.8.1 General . 27
6.8.2 Selection of conditions and events . 27
6.8.3 Selection of sensors.29
6.8.4 Selection of methods to identify the conditions or events .29
6.8.5 Basic rules for the reference control scenario .36
6.8.6 Modelling of the user behaviour .38
6.8.7 Reference control scenarios .39
6.9 Hourly calculation procedures . 42
6.10 Post-processing: performance characteristics . 42
7 Quality control .43
8 Conformance check .43
Annex A (normative) Input and method selection data sheet — Template .45
Annex B (informative) Input and method selection data sheet — Default choices .46
iii
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Annex C (normative) Reference control scenarios for adaptive building envelope elements
with active solar shading or chromogenic glazing .48
Bibliography .54
iv
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
of (a) patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed
patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received
notice of (a) patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are
cautioned that this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent
database available at www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all
such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy
use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 2, Calculation methods in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 89, Thermal performance of
buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between
ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all the parts in the ISO 52016 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Introduction
This document, along with other international standards, assesses the overall energy performance of
buildings (EPB). Throughout this document, this group of standards is referred to as the “set of EPB
1)
standards”. A list of the standards in this set can be found on the EPB Center website.
All EPB standards follow specific rules to ensure overall consistency, unambiguity and transparency.
All EPB standards provide a certain flexibility with regard to the methods, the required input data and
references to other EPB standards, by the introduction of a normative template in Annex A and Annex B
with informative default choices.
The main target groups for this document are architects, engineers and regulators.
Further target groups are parties who want to motivate their assumptions by classifying the EPB for a
dedicated building stock.
This document is also important for manufacturers and suppliers of adaptive building envelope
elements.
Background information, including justification, explanation and demonstration of the calculation
2)
procedures in this document, is provided in ISO/TR 52016-4 .
The subset of EPB standards prepared under the responsibility of ISO/TC 163/SC 2 cover inter alia:
— calculation procedures on the overall energy use and EPB;
— calculation procedures on the internal temperature in buildings (e.g. in case of no space heating or
cooling);
— indicators for partial EPB requirements related to thermal energy balance and fabric features;
— calculation methods covering the performance and thermal, hygrothermal, solar and visual
characteristics of specific parts of the building and specific building elements and components, such
as opaque envelope elements, ground floor, windows and facades.
ISO/TC 163/SC 2 cooperates with other Technical Committees for the details on, for example, appliances,
technical building systems and indoor environment.
This document presents procedures for taking into account the effect of adaptive building envelope
elements in the calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling, internal temperatures and
sensible and latent heat loads according to ISO 52016-1.
This document takes precedence if there is a conflict with any provision in ISO 52016-1.
NOTE 1 For instance some of the simplified calculation procedures in ISO 52016-1:2017, Annex G, Dynamic
transparent building elements, are in conflict with the more refined procedures in this document.
Default references to EPB standards other than ISO 52000-1 are identified by the EPB module code
number and given in Annex A (normative template in Table A.1) and Annex B (informative default choice
in Table B.1).
EXAMPLE EPB module code number: M5–5, or M5–5.1 (if module M5–5 is subdivided), or M5–5/1 (if
reference to a specific clause of the standard covering M5–5).
1) https://epb.center/support/documents.
2) Under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: ISO/WD TR 52016-4.
vi
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Table 1 shows the relative position of this document within the set of EPB standards in the context of
the modular structure as set out in ISO 52000-1.
[7]
NOTE 2 In ISO/TR 52000-2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant
EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or under preparation.
NOTE 3 The modules in Tables A.1 and B.1 represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard can cover
more than one module and one module can be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified
and a detailed method respectively.
Table 1 — Position of this document (in casu M2-2 and M2-3), within the modular structure of
the set of EPB standards
Building
Overarching Technical building systems
(as such)
e.g.
Submod- Descrip- Descrip-
PV,
ule tions tions
wind
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Gener-
1 General General
al
Common ISO
terms and 52016-
Building
definitions; 3 (this
a
2 energy Needs
symbols, docu-
needs
units and ment)
subscripts
(Free) ISO
Maxi-
Indoor 52016-
mum
Applica- condi- 3 (this
3 load
tions tions docu-
and
without ment)
power
systems
Ways
Ways to
Ways to to ex-
express
express press
4 energy
energy per- energy
perfor-
formance perfor-
mance
mance
Building
Heat Emis-
categories
transfer sion
5 and build-
by trans- and
ing bounda-
mission control
ries
Heat
Building
transfer Distri-
occupan-
by infil- bution
6 cy and
tration and
operating
and ven- control
conditions
tilation
a
The shaded modules are not applicable.
vii
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic hot
water
Lighting
Building automa-
tion and control
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Building
Overarching Technical building systems
(as such)
e.g.
Submod- Descrip- Descrip-
PV,
ule tions tions
wind
sub1 M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11
Aggre-
gation of Stor-
Internal
energy age
7 heat
services and
gains
and energy control
carriers
Gener-
Solar
Building ation
8 heat
zoning and
gains
control
Load
dis-
Building patch-
Calculated
dynamics ing and
9 energy per-
(thermal oper-
formance
mass) ating
condi-
tions
Meas- Meas-
Measured ured ured
10 energy per- energy energy
formance perfor- perfor-
mance mance
In-
Inspec-
11 Inspection spec-
tion
tion
Ways to
express
12 BMS
indoor
comfort
External
environ-
ment condi-
tions
Economic
calculation
a
The shaded modules are not applicable.
viii
Descriptions
Heating
Cooling
Ventilation
Humidification
Dehumidification
Domestic hot
water
Lighting
Building automa-
tion and control
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Energy performance of buildings — Energy needs for
heating and cooling, internal temperatures and sensible
and latent heat loads —
Part 3:
Calculation procedures regarding adaptive building
envelope elements
1 Scope
This document specifies procedures for the calculation of the energy needs for heating and cooling,
internal temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads of a building according to the hourly
calculation methodology in ISO 52016-1. Additions or modifications of the calculations are provided
in this document if the building envelope contains one or more adaptive building envelope elements
(building envelope elements with adaptive components that are either environmentally or actively
controlled as a function of specific conditions). The adaptive building envelope element replaces the
transparent building element in the calculation according to ISO 52016-1.
The three types of adaptive building envelope elements covered in this document are:
— building envelope elements with dynamic solar shading;
— building envelope elements with chromogenic glazing;
— building envelope elements with an actively ventilated cavity.
Environmentally activated control is described for building envelope elements with chromogenic
glazing, but can also occur for other types of adaptive building envelope elements. In that case the same
approach applies as for environmentally activated chromogenic glazing.
This document is applicable to the assessment of the energy performance of buildings (EPB) (energy
performance labels and certificates), including comparison between buildings and checking conformity
with minimum energy performance criteria.
It is also applicable to assess the contribution of the adaptive building envelope element to the smart
readiness of a building.
In addition, this document provides indicators for the impact of the adaptive building envelope element
on the performance of the building compared to a reference building envelope element. It is applicable
to buildings at the design stage, to new buildings after construction and to existing buildings in the use
phase.
This document is not applicable to geometrically complex adaptive building envelope elements that can
only be modelled as multiple coupled thermal zones.
NOTE The background to the selection of adaptive building envelope elements is given in ISO/TR 52016-4.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 15099, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shading devices — Detailed calculations
ISO 52000-1, Energy performance of buildings — Overarching EPB assessment — Part 1: General
framework and procedures
ISO 52016-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings — Energy needs for heating and cooling, internal
temperatures and sensible and latent heat loads — Part 1: Calculation procedures
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9488, ISO 52000-1,
ISO 52016-1, and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
adaptive building envelope element
building envelope or part of it with at least one layer having physical properties that can be adapted in a
reversible way as a (passive, intrinsic) response to transient conditions or actively controlled to adjust
to transient conditions or changing priorities
Note 1 to entry: A part of a building envelope can be a product or assembly consisting of single or multiple layers,
usually with transparent components.
EXAMPLE 1 Examples of an adaptive building envelope element:
— a window or facade with dynamic solar shading (3.7) (blind or shutter);
— a window with chromogenic glazing (3.6);
— a window or façade with an actively ventilated cavity (3.8).
EXAMPLE 2 Examples of conditions:
— external, such as climate;
— internal, such as occupants’ requirements;
— local, such as material temperature.
EXAMPLE 3 Example of physical properties:
— thermal;
— optical;
— structural.
EXAMPLE 4 Example of changing priorities:
— minimizing the building energy use;
— optimizing indoor environment conditions;
— minimizing glare;
— maximizing privacy.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
3.2
actively controlled adaptive component
component with properties that vary as a function of specific situations or events, which can be the
result of an active intervention
EXAMPLE Examples of such specific situations or events: set points (e.g. time, temperature, air flow,
irradiance, illuminance), occupant intervention, complex algorithm.
3.3
environmentally activated adaptive component
component with properties that vary passively as a function of specific situations or events due to an
intrinsic characteristic, without the possibility for an active intervention
EXAMPLE Examples of such specific situations or events: material temperature, irradiance or illuminance,
solar position.
Note 1 to entry: Also known as passive or intrinsic control.
3.4
environmentally activated adaptive building envelope element
building envelope element with one or more environmentally activated adaptive components
3.5
actively controlled adaptive building envelope element
building envelope element with one or more actively controlled adaptive components
3.6
chromogenic glazing
glazing with optical and visual properties that can vary (passively or actively) as a function of a specific
environmental condition
EXAMPLE
— thermochromic glazing (passive);
— thermotropic glazing (passive).
— photochromic glazing (passive);
— electrochromic glazing (active);
— liquid crystal glazing (active);
— suspended particle device (active).
3.7
dynamic solar shading
product installed to provide or modify characteristics (e.g. thermal, visual, security level) of a window,
door, curtain walling or facade, to which it is applied
EXAMPLE
— internal blind (e.g. venetian blind, roller blind, vertical blind, pleated blind, honeycomb blind);
— external blind (e.g. vertical roller blind, external venetian blind);
— integrated blind (e.g. venetian blind, roller blind);
— blind in a closed cavity façade (e.g. unventilated);
— shutters (e.g. roller shutter, wing shutter, concertina shutter).
Note 1 to entry: Adapted from EN 12216:2018, 3.1.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
3.8
actively ventilated cavity
cavity between two layers of glazings, or similar material, that is part of a building envelope element
that can be intentionally ventilated with the purpose to exchange heat between the air and these layers
or the internal environment
EXAMPLE Naturally, hybrid or mechanically ventilated cavity
— in a double envelope facade,
— in a window with integrated venetian or roller blinds, and
— with fixed or operated vent openings.
Note 1 to entry: A building envelope element with ventilation openings that can be operated to control ventilation
of the building or building part, without thermal interaction within the building envelope element itself, is not
considered as an adaptive building envelope element (3.1) with actively ventilated cavity. This also applies to
ventilative cooling, which is a complementary potential technique to decrease the need for mechanical cooling
and to increase thermal comfort.
3.9
simplified adaptive building envelope element
adaptive building envelope element (3.1) that is described with a model in which the thermal, daylight
and solar properties, for a given state, can be pre-calculated
Note 1 to entry: The same (simplified) model as used to describe a transparent building element in
ISO 52016-1:2017, 6.5.7.4.
3.10
detailed adaptive building envelope element
adaptive building envelope element (3.1) that is described with a more complex model than a simplified
adaptive building envelope element (3.9)
Note 1 to entry: For a given state, the thermal, daylight and solar properties of the adaptive building envelope
element depend on the conditions. These are calculated at each time interval on the basis of the model and the
properties of the individual components.
3.11
illuminance
quotient of the luminous flux incident on an element of the surface containing
the point, divided by the area of that element
−2
Note 1 to entry: This is expressed in lux, 1 lx = 1 lm·m .
[SOURCE: ISO 16817:2017, 3.12, modified — Symbols were removed.]
3.12
daylight illuminance
E
v
illuminance produced by daylight
4 Symbols, subscripts and abbreviated terms
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the symbols given in ISO 52000-1 and the following apply.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
Table 2 — Symbols
Symbol Name of quantity Unit
A area m
a solar absorption coefficient —
sol
b temperature reduction factor —
E daylight illuminance lx
v
g total solar energy transmittance —
H height m
2.
h surface coefficient of heat transfer W/(m K)
I solar irradiance W/m
sol
L Length, width m
N number of items (integer only) —
P probability —
a
Q quantity of heat kWh
q heat flow density W/m
q air (volume) flow rate m /h
V
R thermal resistance m ⋅K/W
T thermodynamic temperature K
T accumulated over- or under-temperature K⋅h
a
t time s
2.
U thermal transmittance W/( m K)
θ Celsius temperature °C
Φ heat flow rate, heat load, power W
a
Hours (h) are used as the unit of time instead of seconds when aggregating heat or energy flow (W) to
quantity of heat or energy (kWh).
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the subscripts given in ISO 52000-1 apply.
In addition, subscripts from ISO 52016-1 that apply to this document are given in Table 3.
NOTE Relevant subscripts already given in ISO 52000-1 are included, if necessary, for the understanding of
this document.
Table 3 — Subscripts from ISO 52016-1 that apply to this document
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
c
a air int internal or indoor s surface
an annual i internal se surface external
a a
C cooling L lighting r radiation, radiative
c structure, construction ld load re radiative external (~r;e)
element
c convection, convective lim limited set set-point
a
Type of energy use (energy service).
b
The subscript "e" is used for the term "external", in contrast with "internal", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"external" to (for instance) a construction in general and "external", meaning outdoor environment, then the term "outdoor"
is recommended for the latter.
c
The subscript "int" is used for the term "internal", in contrast with "external", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"internal" in a construction and "internal" in a building or thermal zone, then the term "indoor" is recommended for the
latter.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 3 3 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
calc calculation lr long-wave radiation sh shading
ce convective external m monthly sht shutter
(~c;e)
ci convective internal mn mean sol solar
(~c;i)
day daily n normal to surface spec specific
dayl daylight nd need st state
b
e external or outdoor noc unoccupied period sup supply
eff effective oc occupants sys system
el element occ occupied period tot total
gl glazing, glazed ele- oel opaque element tr transmission (heat transfer)
ment
a
H heating op operative, opaque V visual
ht heat transfer p projected ve ventilation (heat transfer)
i,j,k,z indexes ri radiative internal w window
(~r;i)
hyst hysteresis zt thermal zone
dglare daylight glare
a
Type of energy use (energy service).
b
The subscript "e" is used for the term "external", in contrast with "internal", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"external" to (for instance) a construction in general and "external", meaning outdoor environment, then the term "outdoor"
is recommended for the latter.
c
The subscript "int" is used for the term "internal", in contrast with "external", but if there is a risk of confusion between
"internal" in a construction and "internal" in a building or thermal zone, then the term "indoor" is recommended for the
latter.
NOTE In this document subscripts that are indexed (counting 1, 2, …) can be found written in two ways:
— the comprehensive way: by adding an index (e.g. i) to the subscript, separated by a comma and written in
italics, e.g. "w,i", for a variable related to a window, for window element i;
— the short way: as the subscript itself written in italics.
EXAMPLE "m" is the monthly value of a variable, for the month m;
— this is short for "m,i": the monthly value of a variable, for the month i.
Similarly, if there is no risk of confusion, it is also possible to write: "wi" instead of "w,i".
Addition subscripts given in Table 4 apply.
Table 4 — Additional subscripts
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
adapt adaptive limHE operative temperature stA, stB, … states of a specific dimension of
limit between heating variation (A, B are placeholders
and neutral mode for more specific subscripts
chro chromogenic limRL upper limit for low ra- vest ventilation related state
diation mode
close closed limRH lower limit for high
radiation mode
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
TTabablele 4 4 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Subscript Term Subscript Term Subscript Term
limCO operative temperature limTH limit between high and
limit between neutral very high operative
and cooling mode temperature
limGY lower limit for glare limTN limit between fine and
mode high operative tem-
perature
limLL limit between normal st state; in case of varia-
and low daylight mode tions in more than one
dimension: a unique
combination of states
in each dimension
4.3 Abbreviated terms
For the purposes of this document, the abbreviated terms given in ISO 52000-1:2017, Clause 4 and
Table 5 below apply.
Table 5 — Abbreviated terms
Abbreviated Term
term
AVF active ventilated façade
CCD charge-coupled device
DGP daylight glare probability
HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning
n.a. not applicable
PIR passive infrared
ZT thermal zone
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output of the method
The output of the calculation is the output of the hourly calculation methodology of ISO 52016-1:2017,
6.1.
Additional output consists of key performance indicators to show the difference between the
performance of the thermal zone with the adaptive building envelope element against reference or
other building envelope elements.
5.2 General description of the method
The calculation procedure consists of the following steps:
Step 1:
Identify the type of adaptive building envelope element (6.4).
Step 2:
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
— If the adaptive building envelope element is “simplified”: gather the input data of the
adaptive building envelope element (see 6.4.3).
— If the adaptive building envelope element is “detailed”: determine the details of the model
the adaptive building envelope element and gather the input data of its components (see
6.4.4).
Step 3:
Connect the model of the adaptive building envelope element to the model of the thermal zone
in ISO 52016-1 (see 6.5).
Step 4:
Select the control scenario
Select the control type (see 6.6)
EXAMPLE 1 Environmentally activated or actively controlled (manual, motorized, automated)
For an environmentally activated adaptive building envelope element (see 6.7)
For an actively controlled adaptive building envelope element (6.8), with the following sub-steps:
a) Select the applicable conditions and events for the control and select which methods
apply to identify the conditions and events (6.8.2).
b) Select the applicable sensors to detect the conditions or events and gather the
associated extra input data (6.8.3).
EXAMPLE 2 Solar irradiance or illuminance meter; clock + location + algorithm to
identify sun position.
c) Selection of methods to identify the conditions or events (6.8.4)
EXAMPLE 3 For daytime versus night time: measured solar irradiance, calculated sun
path or pre-calculated table with sunrise and sunset.
d) Apply the reference control scenario (6.8.7), based on a number of assumptions and
rules (6.8.5 and 6.8.6).
EXAMPLE 4 Roller blinds fully extended when high solar irradiance.
e) Specify the criteria (values) for the conditions and events as a function of control type,
space category and other factors (6.8.7).
Step 5:
Perform the hourly calculation according to ISO 52016-1 with the additions and adaptations
from Step 1 through Step 4 (see 6.9).
Step 6:
Post-processing of the output of the calculation (6.10).
NOTE 1 Worked examples are provided in ISO 52016-4.
The overviews of all output data with indication of the possible destination (6.1) and all input data with
indication of the source (6.3) enable to check the overall consistency between related EPB standards,
where the output of one EPB standard is needed as input for the other.
NOTE 2 This conforms to the common template for each of the EPB standards.
ISO 52016-3:2023(E)
The first steps of the calculation procedure are more generic than needed for the specific reference
control scenarios. In this way the calculation procedures are ready to cover other, e.g. more novel and
complex technologies, in a later update.
6 Calculation method
6.1 Output data
Subclause 6.1 provides the overview of all output data. When and how these output data are produced
is specified in 6.4 to 6.10.
NOTE This subclause conforms to the common template for each of the EPB standards. It enables to check
input-output relations between the EPB standards and availability of output data.
The output of the calculation is given in ISO 52016-1:2017, Tables 2 to 10. Additional output is given in
Table 6, which lists the key performance indicators fo
...
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