CEN/TR 16949:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 1317-6:2012
Oprema cest - Varnostne ograje za pešce - Ograje za pešce
Road restraint system - Pedestrian restraint system - Pedestrian parapets
Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Fußgängerrückhaltesysteme - Brückengeländer
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Dispositifs de retenue pour piétons - Garde-corps
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16949:2016
ICS:
13.200 3UHSUHþHYDQMHQHVUHþLQ Accident and disaster control
NDWDVWURI
93.080.30 Cestna oprema in pomožne Road equipment and
naprave installations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 16949
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
June 2016
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 13.200; 93.080.30 Supersedes CEN/TR 1317-6:2012
English Version
Road restraint system - Pedestrian restraint system -
Pedestrian parapets
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Dispositifs de retenue Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen -
pour piétons - Garde-corps Fußgängerrückhaltesysteme - Brückengeländer

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 2 March 2016. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 226.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16949:2016 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
4 Requirements . 11
5 Performance verification methods . 22
6 Manufacturing assembly and tolerances . 24
7 Characteristic aspects of pedestrian parapets . 25
8 Labelling and marking . 25
Annex A (informative) Partial factors (γ), action combinations and combination factors (ψ) . 28
A.1 Introduction . 28
A.2 Partial factors for actions . 28
A.3 Combinations of actions for ULS . 28
A.3.1 General . 28
A.3.2 Permanent action, traffic and wind . 29
A.3.2.1 General approach . 29
A.3.2.1.1 Self weight, horizontally distributed traffic load and wind . 29
A.3.2.1.2 Self weight, concentrated horizontal traffic load and wind action . 29
A.3.2.1.3 Self weight, vertically distributed traffic load and wind action . 29
A.3.2.1.4 Self weight, concentrated vertical traffic load and wind action. 29
A.3.2.2 Simplified envelope approach . 29
A.3.3 Permanent action and snow . 30
A.3.4 Loads on infill . 30
A.3.5 Accidental situation, permanent actions, horizontal traffic, loads and accidental
action . 30
A.4 Combinations of actions for SLS . 30
A.4.1 General . 30
A.4.2 Traffic and wind . 31
A.4.3 Traffic and wind frequent combination . 31
Annex B (informative) Dynamic impact tests . 32
B.1 Introduction . 32
B.2 Scope . 32
B.3 Normative references . 32
B.4 Terms and definitions . 32
B.5 Test methods . 32
B.5.1 Principles . 32
B.5.2 Apparatus and materials . 32
B.5.2.1 Soft body . 32
B.5.2.2 Hard body . 33
B.5.2.3 Small hard body. 33
B.5.3 Preparation of test specimens . 34
B.5.3.1 Dimensions . 34
B.5.3.2 Control of samples . 34
B.5.3.3 Installation of samples on the test frame . 34
B.5.3.3.1 General points . 34
B.5.3.3.2 For soft body test . 34
B.5.3.3.3 Hard body test rig . 36
B.5.4 Test procedures . 37
B.5.4.1 Testing conditions . 37
B.5.4.2 Test procedures for soft body . 37
B.5.4.3 Test procedures for hard body . 37
B.6 Expression of results . 37
B.7 Test report . 37
Annex C (informative) Static tests . 38
C.1 Introduction. 38
C.2 Technical description for testing . 38
C.3 Test specimens . 38
C.4 Position of the test specimen . 38
C.5 Loading . 38
C.5.1 General . 38
C.5.2 Determination of the test loads F . 38
T
C.6 Static test at serviceability level . 39
C.6.1 Test procedure . 39
C.6.2 Acceptance criteria . 39
C.7 Static test at ultimate state level . 39
C.7.1 Test procedure . 39
C.7.2 Acceptance criteria . 40
C.8 Test requirements . 40
C.8.1 Number of tests . 40
C.8.2 Load application . 40
C.8.3 Test rig frame . 40
C.8.4 Test records . 40
C.8.5 Interpretation of test results . 41
C.8.6 Test report . 41
Annex D (informative) Test report . 42
Annex E (informative) Diagrams of constituent parts of a pedestrian parapet . 43
Annex F (informative) Testing under the factory production control . 45
Annex G (informative) Method for ensuring a smooth finish . 46
G.1 Introduction . 46
G.2 Equipment details . 46
G.3 Test procedure . 46
Bibliography . 49

European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16949:2016) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226 “Road
equipement”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 1317-6:2012.
mistakes which could lead to an incorrect or unsafe application of the document.
Introduction
The safety considerations of pedestrians using road bridges, footbridges and similar elevated structures
require the installation of special road restraint systems, so called pedestrian restraint systems or
pedestrian parapets.
Pedestrian parapets are used to prevent people from falling off a bridge or other type of elevated
structure.
Aspects included in the Technical Report are:
a) safety in use for pedestrians and other highway users (excluding motor vehicles);
b) the safety considerations of pedestrians using road bridges and footbridges and similar structures;
c) analysis and test methods;
d) durability;
e) labelling and marking.
1 Scope
This Technical Report specifies geometrical and technical requirements for the design and manufacture
for pedestrian parapets on road bridges, on footbridges, on top of retaining walls and on similar
elevated structures.
This Technical Report also specifies test methods and provision for the labelling and marking of these
products.
This Technical Report does not cover:
— vehicle restraint systems;
— pedestrian restraint systems in residential, commercial or industrial buildings and within their
perimeter;
— non-rigid rails i.e. rope, cables.
This Technical Report may be used for pedestrian parapets on structures which cross over railways,
rivers and canals.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1317-1:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 1: Terminology and general criteria for test methods
EN 1990:2002, Eurocode - Basis of structural design
EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 12767, Passive safety of support structures for road equipment - Requirements, classification and test
methods
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1317-1:2010 and the following
apply.
NOTE 1 See Figure 1:
Key
H Pedestrian parapet height (m) above the walking surface (ground level)
o
H (Manufactured) pedestrian parapet height (m) above the plinth (fixing level)
p
1 pedestrian walking surface
2 plinth (concrete, steel, or other material)
3 manufactured pedestrian parapet covered by this Technical Report (manufactured product in steel,
aluminium, wood, or other material which is capable of meeting the requirements of this Technical
Report)
Figure 1 — Pedestrian parapet
NOTE 2 See informative Annex E for examples of parapets, Figure E.1 and E.2.
3.1.1
base-plate
plate attached to the base of a pedestrian parapet post, which is used to fix the pedestrian parapet to the
structure
3.1.2
design working life
period of time in which the product or component is required to maintain the declared performance
characteristics and will not require repair or withdrawal from service under normal maintenance and
intended use conditions
3.1.3
handrail
rigid rail attached to or part of a pedestrian parapet to assist and guide pedestrians
Note 1 to entry: The top rail may also function as the handrail.
3.1.4
infilling
material that is fixed to posts and/or rails of a pedestrian parapet in order to reduce the size of
openings (voids)
3.1.5
kicking plate
continuous upstand which can be attached to the bottom of the pedestrian parapet
3.1.6
overall working height
H
O
total working height (regulatory height) of the pedestrian parapet above the pedestrian walking surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.7
panel
section of a pedestrian parapet bounded by two posts
Note 1 to entry: The panel includes any surrounding posts and rails.
3.1.8
pedestrian parapet
pedestrian or other users restraint system along or on top of a bridge, retaining wall or similar
structure which is not intended to act as a road vehicle restraint system
3.1.9
pedestrian restraint system
product designed to meet the requirements of this Technical Report
3.1.10
plinth
continuous upstand which supports the posts of the pedestrian parapet and which is part of the main
structure to which it is attached
3.1.11
post
vertical or inclined member of a pedestrian parapet which withstands both horizontal and vertical
forces and transmits these forces to the supporting structure
3.1.12
product height
H
p
overall height of the manufactured product including base-plate if provided
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.13
rail
member of a pedestrian parapet that transmits vertical and horizontal forces to the posts
Note 1 to entry: Top and other rails are included.
3.1.14
spaces, gaps and voids
space formed by the surrounding infilling of posts and rails
3.1.15
traffic loads
non-vehicular loads caused by pedestrians and other highway users e.g. cyclists and equestrians
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
3.2.1 Latin upper case letters
A  Design value of an accidental action
d
C  Limiting design value of the relevant serviceability criterion
d
D  Declared dimension(s) of spaces and voids
s
D  Diameter of spherical object which defines the dimensions of the spaces and voids
b
E  Energy
E  Design value of effect of actions
d
F  Design value of an action (load)
d
F  Design value of connection to main structure
dc
F  Characteristic horizontal point load caused by traffic
hk
F  Design load perpendicular on the infill
pdn
F  Test load
T
F  Test load at serviceability level
T,S
F  Test load at ultimate level
T,U
F  Resultant Wind force
w
G  Characteristic value of a permanent action
k
H  Overall height in metres of the pedestrian parapet above the pedestrian walking surface
O
H  The vertical height of the manufactured pedestrian parapet
P
Q  Characteristic value of the concentrated horizontal traffic loads
hk
Q  Characteristic value of the concentrated vertical traffic loads
vk
R  Design resistance
d
R  Characteristic resistance
k
R  Resistance derived from testing
T
S  Slope of load/deformation curve
S  Load from snow removal machinery
n,dyn
S  Snow load
n
SLS  Serviceability Limit State
ULS  Ultimate Limit State
3.2.2 Latin lower case letters
b  Width of footway
q  Characteristic value of the uniformly distributed horizontal traffic loads
hk
(line load or patch load)-top rail
q  Characteristic value of the uniformly distributed horizontal traffic loads
hki
(line load or patch load)-other rails
q  Characteristic value of the uniformly distributed vertical traffic loads
vk
(line load or patch load)
3.2.3 Greek lower case letters
α  Test resistance reduction factor (and include bag angle B.5.3.3.2)
γ  Partial factor
γ  Partial factor for accidental actions
A
γ  Partial factor for permanent actions (e.g. self weight permanent actions)
Gs
γ  Partial factor for a material property
M
γ  Partial factor for variable actions (traffic loads, wind loads, snow loads)
Q
δ  Horizontal deformation or deflection
h
ψ  Combination factor
ψ  Factor for the combination value of a variable action
ψ1  Factor for the frequent value of a variable action
4 Requirements
4.1 General
Pedestrian parapets should be designed and/or tested and should conform to the requirements of this
Technical Report.
Where a vehicle restraint system is required to also function as a pedestrian parapet, the requirements
of EN 1317–5 should be met.
Figures in Annex E illustrate the constituent parts of a pedestrian parapet.
Manufacturers may provide other design types which are not shown in Annex E provided they comply
with the requirements of this Technical Report.
4.2 Construction
4.2.1 Assembly
Design, drawing, installation and maintenance instructions should be provided describing the measures
that have to be taken in order to achieve the following performances where they form part of the
pedestrian parapet:
a) a continuous flowing alignment;
b) smooth surfaces;
c) the absence of sharp edges that could cause injury to users;
d) the provision for expansion, contraction and movement of the main structure (e.g. under traffic
loads and temperature effects) so that these do not endanger the performance or flowing
alignment;
e) the avoidance of corrosion pockets;
f) the provision for adequate drainage in hollow sections and channels;
g) the compatibility between component parts so that there is avoidance of electrolytic action;
h) that fixings and fittings cannot be loosened without using tools;
i) to demonstrate the ease of assembly at site location, the ease of maintenance and repair including
the replacement of parts;
j) finish and surface protection;
k) any special provisions for end posts/panels.
NOTE A method for ensuring a smooth finish is described in Annex G.
4.2.2 Optional facilities
The following optional facilities may be declared:
a) safety provisions for maintenance personnel;
b) provision for the fixing of a safety harnesses to support the weight of maintenance personnel to be
fixed to the posts;
c) special provisions for the safe passage of cyclists;
d) the manufactured height of a kicking plate;
e) the manufactured height of solid infill where horses and cattle are expected to use the bridge or
structure, the position of the infill is to be specified;
f) measures to prevent snow, debris and other hazards from falling on to traffic below the bridge or
structure;
g) the provision of a plinth, which shall have a minimum height of 50 mm;
h) specification for the provision of a steel cable inside the handrail;
i) avoidance of footholds to discourage climbing;
j) provision for intervisibility;
k) meeting the requirements of EN 12767.
4.3 Geometrical requirements
4.3.1 Height of manufactured product
The height H of the manufactured pedestrian parapet should be declared. Where the pedestrian
p
parapet is to be installed at an angle, the vertical height H should be declared m; see Figure 1.
p
The overall height H of the pedestrian parapet is related to Hp but depends on the location of the
O
fixing. See Figure 1 for examples. Where the post height exceeds the height of the top horizontal rail the
declared height should be to the top of the top rail.
Table 1 — Minimum heights
Height
Height (H )
p
m
A 1
B 1,1
C 1,2
D 1,4
F 1,6
E 1,5
G 1,8
Height should be measured with equipment that accords to EN ISO 9001.
4.3.2 Spaces and voids
The spaces and voids should not allow the passage of a spherical object with a diameter D . The
b
maximum value of D should be declared as D . Various values for D should be declared in relation to
b s s
height, see Figure 2.
Determination of D should take account of manufacturing tolerances and measured from a sample
s
(using callipers) and/or an analysis of the manufacturing drawings.
Table 2 — Maximum spaces and voids
Void D Diameter
s
mm
0 D = 0
S
15 D = 15
S
30 D = 30
S
50 D = 50
S
60 D = 60
S
100 D = 100
S
110 DS = 110
120 D = 120
S
130 D = 130
S
150 D = 150
S
300 D = 300
S
500 D = 500
S
NOTE The selection of void size(s) may have implications for
i) the avoidance of footholds which could make provision for persons to climb the pedestrian parapet
(e.g. minimum height 1,1 m and no horizontal ledges on traffic face greater than 15 mm);
ii) visibility (transparency/intervisibility) for drivers particularly at road junctions where there is a
need for side visibility (e.g. percentage of clear view area through parapet when viewed at a
specified angle);
iii) the avoidance of objects being thrown through the pedestrian parapet onto traffic below (e.g.
limiting a void/space size to 5 mm).
The above implications are mainly related to the site location of the pedestrian parapet which is not an
issue for this Technical Report and further guidance on the selection of sizes may be found in guideline
requirements prepared by Member States.
Key
A fixing level
D diameter in mm
S
H height level in mm
Report each D value for each H level measured from fixing level, e.g
S
D from H1 to
S1
H2
D from H2 to
S2
H3
D and D from H3 to
S3(i) S3(ii)
H4
D from H3 to
S4
H4
etc.
Figure 2 — Spaces and voids
4.4 Design requirements
4.4.1 General
The design working life under given use and maintenance conditions should be declared.
A minimum design working life of 25 years is normally required, excluding the possibility of accidental
action (see EN 1990:2002, 2.3).
Pedestrian parapets should be designed in accordance with the general requirements in EN 1990:2002
and in the EN 1991 series and with the material resistance requirements in the EN 1992 series, the
EN 1993 series, the EN 1994 series, the EN 1995 series, the EN 1996 series and the EN 1999 series (see
subclauses below) for the following limit states:
a) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) (see 4.5.2);
b) Serviceability Limit State (SLS) (see 4.5.3).
Partial factors and combinations of actions that are in accordance with EN 1990:2002, A.2 are given in
Annex A of this Technical Report.
The manufacturing tolerances should be taken into account in the design of the parapet including
method(s) used to deal with the deformation resulting from traffic loads and temperature effects in the
main structure.
4.4.2 Connections to the main structure
The connections to the parapet base should be designed so that at the fundamental combination ULS (as
defined in EN 1990), the pedestrian parapet connections should cause no damage to any part of the
structure.
The design resistance of the connection to the main structure should be at least 1,25 times the ultimate
resistance of the member of the pedestrian parapet being connected.
For example, frangible bolts may be used provided that the pedestrian parapet anchorages have a
design resistance at least 1,25 times that of the ultimate resistance of the frangible bolts.
The design resistance value of the connection to the main structure, F (in kN), should be declared.
dc
4.4.3 Traffic loads
4.4.3.1 General
For the design of pedestrian parapets, traffic loads are defined as loads in horizontal and vertical
directions and can be applied as distributed or as point loads.
The loads should be applied as given in Annex A.
Rails are not loaded simultaneously.
4.4.3.2 Horizontal uniformly distributed traffic loads
4.4.3.2.1 General
The horizontal uniformly distributed traffic load q should be declared for the top rail, and where a
hk
different value is declared for other rails, it should be declared as q .
hki
4.4.3.2.2 Method 1
The characteristic value of the horizontal uniformly distributed traffic load q on the top rail and other
hk
horizontal rails can be specified from the loads given in Table 3.
Table 3 — Minimum loads — Method 1
Load q
hk
kN/m
A 0,4
B 0,8
C 1,0
D 1,2
E 1,6
F 2,0
G 2,4
H 2,8
J 3,0
Minimum class C (q = 1,0 kN/m, for forces transferred by the pedestrian parapet) and class B
hk
(q = 0,8 kN/m, for service side path) are recommended by EN 1991–2:2003, 4.8, Note 2, for the
hk
structural design of bridge decks, traffic loads on bridges.
4.4.3.2.3 Method 2
The characteristic value of the horizontal uniformly distributed traffic load q to be applied to the top
hk
rail, can be determined in the range between 1,0 kN/m (1,0 kN/m for footways used by maintenance
personnel only) and 2,8 kN/m according to the following Formula:
q = 0,5 (1,0 + b) kN/m, 1,0 kN/m ≤ q ≤ 2,8 kN/m (1)
hk hk
where
b is the width (m) of the elevated footway or footpath subject to pedestrian traffic,
expressed in metres (m);.
Other horizontal rails should withstand a minimum characteristic horizontal uniformly distributed load
q equal to 1,0 kN/m.
hki
NOTE Based on the selected UDL in Method 1, the width b of Method 2 may be calculated.
Minimum class C (q = 1,0 kN/m, for forces transferred by the pedestrian parapet) and class B
hk
(q = 0,8 kN/m, for service side path) are recommended by EN 1991–2:2003, 4.8, Note 2, for the
hk
structural design of bridge decks, traffic loads on bridges.
4.4.3.3 Concentrated horizontal traffic point load
A pedestrian parapet rail should withstand a concentrated horizontal point load Q applied to any
hk
point of the rail.
The concentrated horizontal traffic point load Q should be declared.
hk
The minimum value for Q is 1,0 kN.
hk
4.4.3.4 Vertical uniformly distributed traffic loads
All horizontal and inclined elements up to 60° of a pedestrian parapet should withstand a vertical
uniformly distributed traffic load q .
vk
The vertical uniformly distributed traffic load q should be declared.
vk
The minimum recommended value for q is 1,0 kN/m.
vk
4.4.3.5 Concentrated vertical point traffic load
A concentrated vertical point load Q should be applied to any point of the horizontal and inclined
vk
elements of a pedestrian parapet.
The concentrated vertical point traffic load Qvk should be declared.
The minimum value for Q can be 1,0 kN.
vk
4.4.4 Load(s) on infill
Where the design of a pedestrian parapet includes infill then the load(s) on infill F should be applied
pdn
perpendicular to the plane of the infill.
The load(s) on infill F should be declared.
pdn
The loads can be static or dynamic as described in Table 4.
When there is no infill, the value for F should be declared as nil.
pdn
Different infill types may have different loads, all of which should be declared.
Table 4 — Minimum loads on infill, F
pdn
Load F Application Note
pdn
1 1,0 kN For infill including mesh and solid This can be verified by calculation
infill, it should withstand a distributed and/or static test.
load of 1 kN applied over an area of
The manufacturer should demonstrate
125 mm × 125 mm on a
that the pedestrian parapet is able to
700 mm × 700 mm grid at any position
withstand the loadings which can be
perpendicular to the infill without
done by calculation or static test. The
redistribution of loads and without
application of the static test may
any plastic deformation (no remaining
require a press or jacking system
damage).
designed by the manufacturer to suit
the pedestrian parapet’s panel layout /
orientation.
2 1,0 kN For vertical infill members it should This can be verified by calculation
withstand a line load of 1,0 kN applied and/or static test.
over a length of 125 mm on a 700 mm
The manufacturer should demonstrate
centres in any direction on single infill
that the pedestrian parapet is able to
members perpendicular to the
withstand the loadings which can be
member without redistribution of
done by calculation or static test. The
loads and without any plastic
application of the static test may
deformation (no remaining damage).
require a press or jacking system
designed by the manufacturer to suit
the pedestrian parapet’s panel layout /
orientation.
3 1,5 kN As for load 1 but the 1,0 kN is replaced This can be verified by calculation
by 1,5 kN and/or static test
4 1,5 kN As for load 2 but the 1,0 kN is replaced This can be verified by calculation
by 1,5 kN and/or static test
5 600 J 600 J at any part of the infill and meets This can be verified by Annexes B
the requirements of Table 6 and D.
soft body
6 30 J 30 J on any part of the infill and meets This can be verified by Annexes B
the requirements of Table 6 and D and may be suitable for testing
hard body
frangible materials
7 3,75 J 3,75 J on any part of the infill and This can be verified by Annexes B
meets the requirements of Table 6 and D and may be suitable for testing
hard body
frangible materials
NOTE Loads 1 to 4 are static loads and 5 to 7 are dynamic loads.
4.4.5 Wind actions
The pedestrian parapet should be designed to withstand a wind action F
w.
The wind action force F should be declared.
w
The declared force F can be determined in accordance with EN 1991-1-4:2005, Clause 8 which may
w
use an informative value of 0,8 kN/m .
The recommended minimum value for F is 0,8 kN/m .
w.
For pedestrian parapets with H not exceeding 1,2 m and structural properties that do not make them
o
susceptible to dynamic excitation, the simplified method of analysis according to EN 1991-1-4:2005,
8.3.2 should be used. Where the height H (Figure 1) exceeds 1,2 m the general method in accordance
o
with EN 1991-1-4:2005, 8.3.1 may be used.
For secondary structural elements, wind actions may be ignored.
4.4.6 Snow load(s)
, the value of S should be declared.
Where the design of a pedestrian parapet allows for snow load(s) Sn n
The declared snow load(s) S can be determined in accordance with EN 1991-1-3.
n
The minimum value for S can be 1,0 kN/m .
n.
When no snow load is declared, the value(s) for S should be declared as nil.
n
4.4.7 Accidental action(s)
Where the design of a pedestrian parapet allows for an accidental action(s) which could include an
accidental load, caused by machinery clearing snow, litter etc., the value should be declared as
accidental action load A or S if it is a snow clearing action and the parts of the pedestrian parapet
d n,dyn
that can withstand this load should be identified on the drawings and in the specification for the
product.
2 2
The minimum value for A or S can be 1,0 kN/m or 3,75 kN/m which value can be proportioned to
d n,dyn
the area of solid infill.
When no accidental action(s) is declared, the value(s) for A / S should be declared as nil.
d n,dyn
4.5 Structural safety and serviceability
4.5.1 General
For verification of the pedestrian parapet in limit state, the material properties and structural
behaviour should be obtained, according to the material, from the EN 1992 series, the EN 1993 series,
the EN 1994 series, the EN 1995 series, the EN 1996 series or the EN 1999 series.
Combinations of actions and the recommended partial factors for serviceability and ultimate limit states
should be as in Annex A.
NOTE See also 5.2.
4.5.2 Ultimate limit state
The structural safety of the pedestrian parapet should be verified under fundamental combination of
actions (ULS). Conditions considering the combinations of actions are given in Annex A.
The design resistance R of each member of the pedestrian parapet at ULS should be equal to or greater
d
than the design value of effects of the relevant combination of actions E .
d
R ≥ E (2)
d d
where
R = R /γ
d k M.
Where the design of the pedestrian parapet allows for loads 5, 6, 7 in Table 4, these dynamic impact
loads are combined with permanent actions by means of the testing procedure and need not be
considered further.
4.5.3 Serviceability limit state
The serviceability of the pedestrian parapet should be verified under characteristic combination of
actions (SLS) conditions for the following situations considering the combinations of actions given in
Annex A.
The design criterion C of the pedestrian parapet at SLS should be equal to or greater than the design
d
value of the effects of the relevant combination of actions E .
d
C ≥ E (3)
d d
The deformation at SLS should not exceed the values specified below. No plastic deformation is allowed.
a) Traffic and wind:
The horizontal deformation δ caused by F , should not exceed the value listed below:
h d SLS
δ ≤ 0,01 of the vertical distance to the pedestrian walking face all as in Figure 1.
h
The deformation may be either calculated or measured by testing.
The horizontal deformation δ should be declared.
h
b) Snow load(s) and accidental action(s):
Where the design of the pedestrian parapet allows for snow load(s) and/or accidental action(s), the
design performance should be declared. Otherwise, a nil performance should be declared.
4.6 Durability
The material used and systems applied for protection of the pedestrian parapet should be declared.
The maintenance regime(s) to be used for the pedestrian parapet, including any special precautions,
should be also declared. An assessment of the materials durability rating (according to appropriate
material standards and experience) should be provided. A durability statement, including the following,
should be declared.
a) Description of the system:
1) product descriptions (e.g. materials, coating types, coating(s) thickness);
2) composition;
3) procedures (e.g. preparation, application regime, drying time, treatment of corner and edge
effects).
b) Maintenance manual:
1) recommended inspection intervals;
2) recommended inspection methods;
3) how to evaluate the inspection results (e.g. degree of degradation);
4) procedures for small repair work (including products and procedures);
5) procedures (including preparation, application regime, drying time, treatment of corners and
edges, environmental control, special requirements);
6) special environmental precautions.
NOTE Further information on FPC, protection systems and matters influencing durability are given in
Annex F.
5 Performance verification methods
5.1 General
Performance verification should be done either by calculation; a combination of calculation and static
testing; a combination of calculation, static testing and dynamic testing or by a combination of static and
dynamic testing. The surface finish should be verified as demonstrated in Annex G.
All testing should be carried out as described in Annexes B and C.
The resistance of infill and panels to dynamic impact loads (5, 6 and 7 loads in Table 4) may only be
verified by testing. The testing methods specified in Annex B should be used and the test results should
be reported as given in Annex D.
5.2 Verification by combination of calculations and acceptance criteria
The pedestrian parapet should be designed in accordance with the EN 1992 series, the EN 1993 series,
the EN 1994 series, the EN 1995 series, the EN 1996 series or the EN 1999 series for the materials used
to fabricate the pedestrian parapet and the combinations of actions defined in Annex A.
Materials for which no European Technical Specification or ISO standard exists, design assisted testing
should be carried out in accordance with EN 1990:2002.
Additional calculations and/or tests should be provided to demonstrate the adequacy of:
a) joints i.e. welds, screws, nuts, bolts, glues;
b) anchorages and/or holding down bolts.
5.3 Verification by testing and acceptance criteria
5.3.1 Static load tests
5.3.1.1 Location and execution
Annex C gives the procedures that should be used for the static load testing.
5.3.1.2 Acceptance criteria
The acceptance criteria that
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