SIST-TP CEN/TR 16949:2016

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16949:2015
01-november-2015
Oprema cest - Varnostne ograje za pešce - Ograje za pešce
Road restraint system - Pedestrian restraint system - Pedestrian parapets
Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen - Fußgängerrückhaltesysteme - Brückengeländer
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Dispositifs de retenue pour piétons - Garde-corps
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16949
ICS:
13.200 3UHSUHþHYDQMHQHVUHþLQ Accident and disaster control
NDWDVWURI
93.080.30 Cestna oprema in pomožne Road equipment and
naprave installations
kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16949:2015 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16949:2015

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kSIST-TP FprCEN/TR 16949:2015


FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
FprCEN/TR 16949
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE

TECHNISCHER BERICHT

October 2015
ICS 13.200; 93.080.30 Will supersede CEN/TR 1317-6:2012
English Version

Road restraint system - Pedestrian restraint system -
Pedestrian parapets
Dispositifs de retenue routiers - Dispositifs de retenue Rückhaltesysteme an Straßen -
pour piétons - Garde-corps Fußgängerrückhaltesysteme - Brückengeländer


This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Technical Committee Approval. It has been drawn up by the
Technical Committee CEN/TC 226.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16949:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.2.1 Latin upper case letters . 9
3.2.2 Latin lower case letters . 10
3.2.3 Greek lower case letters . 10
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 General . 10
4.2 Construction . 10
4.2.1 Assembly . 10
4.2.2 Optional facilities . 11
4.3 Geometrical requirements . 12
4.3.1 Height of manufactured product . 12
4.3.2 Spaces and voids . 12
4.4 Design requirements . 14
4.4.1 General . 14
4.4.2 Connections to the main structure . 14
4.4.3 Traffic loads . 14
4.4.4 Load(s) on infill . 16
4.4.5 Wind actions . 17
4.4.6 Snow load(s) . 18
4.4.7 Accidental action(s) . 18
4.5 Structural safety and serviceability . 18
4.5.1 General . 18
4.5.2 Ultimate limit state . 18
4.5.3 Serviceability limit state . 19
4.6 Durability . 19
5 Performance verification methods . 20
5.1 General . 20
5.2 Verification by combination of calculations and acceptance criteria . 20
5.3 Verification by testing and acceptance criteria . 20
5.3.1 Static load tests . 20
5.3.2 Dynamic energy load tests . 21
6 Manufacturing assembly and tolerances . 22
6.1 Storage, handling and transportation . 22
6.2 Instructions for assembly . 22
6.3 Installation of pedestrian parapet . 23
6.4 Tolerances . 23
7 Characteristic aspects of pedestrian parapets . 23
7.1 Safety in use for pedestrians and other highway users (excluding motor vehicles) . 23
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7.2 Safety considerations of pedestrians using road bridges and footbridges and similar
structures . 23
7.3 Analysis and test methods . 23
7.4 Durability. 23
8 Labelling and marking . 24
8.1 Identification of pedestrian parapets . 24
8.2 Information to be made available by the manufacturer . 24
Annex A (informative) Partial factors (γ), action combinations and combination factors (ψ). 26
Annex B (informative) Dynamic impact tests . 30
Annex C (informative) Static tests . 36
Annex D (informative) Test report . 40
Annex E (informative) Diagrams of constituent parts of a pedestrian parapet . 41
Annex F (informative) Testing under the factory production control . 43
Annex G (informative) Method for ensuring a smooth finish . 44
Bibliography . 47

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European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 16949:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 226
“Road equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the Formal Vote.
This document will supersede CEN/TR 1317-6:2012.
FprCEN/TR 16949:2015: includes editorial changes with respect to CEN/TR 1317-6:2012 for
correcting mistakes which could lead to an incorrect or unsafe application of the document.
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Introduction
The safety considerations of pedestrians using road bridges, footbridges and similar elevated structures
require the installation of special road restraint systems, so called pedestrian restraint systems or
pedestrian parapets.
Pedestrian parapets are used to prevent people from falling off a bridge or other type of elevated
structure.
Aspects included in the Technical Report are:
a) safety in use for pedestrians and other highway users (excluding motor vehicles);
b) the safety considerations of pedestrians using road bridges and footbridges and similar structures;
c) analysis and test methods;
d) durability;
e) labelling and marking.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report specifies geometrical and technical requirements for the design and manufacture
for pedestrian parapets on road bridges, on footbridges, on top of retaining walls and on similar
elevated structures.
This Technical Report also specifies test methods and provision for the labelling and marking of these
products.
This Technical Report does not cover:
— vehicle restraint systems;
— pedestrian restraint systems in residential, commercial or industrial buildings and within their
perimeter;
— non-rigid rails i.e. rope, cables.
This Technical Report may be used for pedestrian parapets on structures which cross over railways,
rivers and canals.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1317-1:2010, Road restraint systems - Part 1: Terminology and general criteria for test methods
EN 1990:2002, Eurocode - Basis of structural design
EN 10204, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 12767, Passive safety of support structures for road equipment - Requirements, classification and test
methods
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3 Terms, definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1317-1:2010 and the following
apply.
NOTE 1 See Figure 1:

Key
1 pedestrian walking surface
2 plinth (concrete, steel, or other material)
3 manufactured pedestrian parapet covered by this Technical Report (manufactured product in steel,
aluminium, wood, or other material which is capable of meeting the requirements of this Technical Report)
Figure 1 — Pedestrian parapet
NOTE 2 See informative Annex E for examples of parapets, Figure E.1 and E.2.
3.1.1
base-plate
plate attached to the base of a pedestrian parapet post, which is used to fix the pedestrian parapet to the
structure
3.1.2
design working life
period of time in which the product or component is required to maintain the declared performance
characteristics and will not require repair or withdrawal from service under normal maintenance and
intended use conditions
3.1.3
handrail
rigid rail attached to or part of a pedestrian parapet to assist and guide pedestrians
Note 1 to entry: The top rail may also function as the handrail.
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3.1.4
infilling
material that is fixed to posts and/or rails of a pedestrian parapet in order to reduce the size of
openings (voids)
3.1.5
kicking plate
continuous upstand which can be attached to the bottom of the pedestrian parapet
3.1.6
overall working height
H
O
total working height (regulatory height) of the pedestrian parapet above the pedestrian walking surface
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.7
panel
section of a pedestrian parapet bounded by two posts
Note 1 to entry: The panel includes any surrounding posts and rails.
3.1.8
pedestrian parapet
pedestrian or other users restraint system along or on top of a bridge, retaining wall or similar
structure which is not intended to act as a road vehicle restraint system
3.1.9
pedestrian restraint system
product designed to meet the requirements of this Technical Report
3.1.10
plinth
continuous upstand which supports the posts of the pedestrian parapet and which is part of the main
structure to which it is attached
3.1.11
post
vertical or inclined member of a pedestrian parapet which withstands both horizontal and vertical
forces and transmits these forces to the supporting structure
3.1.12
product height
H
p
overall height of the manufactured product including base-plate if provided
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.
3.1.13
rail
member of a pedestrian parapet that transmits vertical and horizontal forces to the posts
Note 1 to entry: Top and other rails are included.
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3.1.14
spaces, gaps and voids
space formed by the surrounding infilling of posts and rails
3.1.15
traffic loads
non-vehicular loads caused by pedestrians and other highway users e.g. cyclists and equestrians
3.2 Symbols and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and abbreviations apply:
3.2.1 Latin upper case letters
A  Design value of an accidental action
d
C  Limiting design value of the relevant serviceability criterion
d
D  Declared dimension(s) of spaces and voids
s
D  Diameter of spherical object which defines the dimensions of the spaces and voids
b
E  Energy
E  Design value of effect of actions
d
F  Design value of an action (load)
d
F  Design value of connection to main structure
dc
F  Characteristic horizontal point load caused by traffic
hk
F  Design load perpendicular on the infill
pdn
F  Test load
T
F  Test load at serviceability level
T,S
F  Test load at ultimate level
T,U
F  Resultant Wind force
w
G  Characteristic value of a permanent action
k
H  Overall height in metres of the pedestrian parapet above the pedestrian walking surface
O
H  The vertical height of the manufactured pedestrian parapet
P
Q  Characteristic value of the concentrated horizontal traffic loads
hk
Q  Characteristic value of the concentrated vertical traffic loads
vk
R  Design resistance
d
R  Characteristic resistance
k
R  Resistance derived from testing
T
S  Slope of load/deformation curve
S  Load from snow removal machinery
n,dyn
S  Snow load
n
SLS  Serviceability Limit State
ULS  Ultimate Limit State
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3.2.2 Latin lower case letters
b  Width of footway
q  Characteristic value of the uniformly distributed horizontal traffic loads
hk
(line load or patch load)-top rail
q  Characteristic value of the uniformly distributed horizontal traffic loads
hki
(line load or patch load)-other rails
q  Characteristic value of the uniformly distributed vertical traffic loads
vk
(line load or patch load)
3.2.3 Greek lower case letters
α  Test resistance reduction factor (and include bag angle B.5.3.3.2)
γ  Partial factor
γ  Partial factor for accidental actions
A
γ  Partial factor for permanent actions (e.g. self weight permanent actions)
Gs
γ  Partial factor for a material property
M
γ  Partial factor for variable actions (traffic loads, wind loads, snow loads)
Q
δ  Horizontal deformation or deflection
h
ψ  Combination factor
ψ  Factor for the combination value of a variable action
0
ψ1  Factor for the frequent value of a variable action
4 Requirements
4.1 General
Pedestrian parapets should be designed and/or tested and should conform to the requirements of this
Technical Report.
Where a vehicle restraint system is required to also function as a pedestrian parapet, the requirements
of EN 1317–5 should be met.
Figures in Annex E illustrate the constituent parts of a pedestrian parapet.
Manufacturers may provide other design types which are not shown in Annex E provided they comply
with the requirements of this Technical Report.
4.2 Construction
4.2.1 Assembly
Design, drawing, installation and maintenance instructions should be provided describing the measures
that have to be taken in order to achieve the following performances where they form part of the
pedestrian parapet:
a) a continuous flowing alignment;
b) smooth surfaces;
c) the absence of sharp edges that could cause injury to users;
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d) the provision for expansion, contraction and movement of the main structure (e.g. under traffic
loads and temperature effects) so that these do not endanger the performance or flowing
alignment;
e) the avoidance of corrosion pockets;
f) the provision for adequate drainage in hollow sections and channels;
g) the compatibility between component parts so that there is avoidance of electrolytic action;
h) that fixings and fittings cannot be loosened without using tools;
i) to demonstrate the ease of assembly at site location, the ease of maintenance and repair including
the replacement of parts;
j) finish and surface protection;
k) any special provisions for end posts/panels.
NOTE A method for ensuring a smooth finish is described in Annex G.
4.2.2 Optional facilities
The following optional facilities may be declared:
a) safety provisions for maintenance personnel;
b) provision for the fixing of a safety harnesses to support the weight of maintenance personnel to be
fixed to the posts;
c) special provisions for the safe passage of cyclists;
d) the manufactured height of a kicking plate;
e) the manufactured height of solid infill where horses and cattle are expected to use the bridge or
structure, the position of the infill is to be specified;
f) measures to prevent snow, debris and other hazards from falling on to traffic below the bridge or
structure;
g) the provision of a plinth, which shall have a minimum height of 50 mm;
h) specification for the provision of a steel cable inside the handrail;
i) avoidance of footholds to discourage climbing;
j) provision for intervisibility;
k) meeting the requirements of EN 12767.
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4.3 Geometrical requirements
4.3.1 Height of manufactured product
The height H of the manufactured pedestrian parapet should be declared. Where the pedestrian
p
parapet is to be installed at an angle, the vertical height H should be declared m; see Figure 1.
p
The overall height H of the pedestrian parapet is related to Hp but depends on the location of the
O
fixing. See Figure 1 for examples. Where the post height exceeds the height of the top horizontal rail the
declared height should be to the top of the top rail.
Table 1 — Minimum heights
Height
Height (H )
p
m
A 1
B 1,1
C 1,2
D 1,4
F 1,6
E 1,5
G 1,8
Height should be measured with equipment that accords to EN ISO 9001.
4.3.2 Spaces and voids
The spaces and voids should not allow the passage of a spherical object with a diameter D . The
b
maximum value of D should be declared as D . Various values for D should be declared in relation to
b s s
height, see Figure 2.
Determination of D should take account of manufacturing tolerances and measured from a sample
s
(using callipers) and/or an analysis of the manufacturing drawings.
Table 2 — Maximum spaces and voids
Void D Diameter
s
 mm
0 D = 0
S
15 D = 15
S
30 D = 30
S
50 D = 50
S
60 D = 60
S
100 D = 100
S
110 D = 110
S
120 D = 120
S
130 D = 130
S
150 D = 150
S
300 D = 300
S
500 D = 500
S
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NOTE The selection of void size(s) may have implications for
i) the avoidance of footholds which could make provision for persons to climb the pedestrian parapet (e.g.
minimum height 1,1 m and no horizontal ledges on traffic face greater than 15 mm);
ii) visibility (transparency/intervisibility) for drivers particularly at road junctions where there is a need for
side visibility (e.g. percentage of clear view area through parapet when viewed at a specified angle);
iii) the avoidance of objects being thrown through the pedestrian parapet onto traffic below (e.g. limiting a
void/space size to 5 mm).
The above implications are mainly related to the site location of the pedestrian parapet which is not an issue for
this Technical Report and further guidance on the selection of sizes may be found in guideline requirements
prepared by Member States.

Key
A fixing level
D diameter in mm
S
H height level in mm
Report each D value for each H level measured from fixing level, e.g.
S
D from H1 to H2
S1
D from H2 to H3
S2
D and D from H3 to H4
S3(i) S3(ii)
D from H3 to H4
S4
etc.
Figure 2 — Spaces and voids
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4.4 Design requirements
4.4.1 General
The design working life under given use and maintenance conditions should be declared.
A minimum design working life of 25 years is normally required, excluding the possibility of accidental
action (see EN 1990:2002, 2.3).
Pedestrian parapets should be designed in accordance with the general requirements in EN 1990:2002
and in the EN 1991 series and with the material resistance requirements in the EN 1992 series, the
EN 1993 series, the EN 1994 series, the EN 1995 series, the EN 1996 series and the EN 1999 series (see
subclauses below) for the following limit states:
a) Ultimate Limit State (ULS) (see 4.5.2);
b) Serviceability Limit State (SLS) (see 4.5.3).
Partial factors and combinations of actions that are in accordance with EN 1990:2002, A.2 are given in
Annex A of this Technical Report.
The manufacturing tolerances should be taken into account in the design of the parapet including
method(s) used to deal with the deformation resulting from traffic loads and temperature effects in the
main structure.
4.4.2 Connections to the main structure
The connections to the parapet base should be designed so that at the fundamental combination ULS (as
defined in EN 1990), the pedestrian parapet connections should cause no damage to any part of the
structure.
The design resistance of the connection to the main structure should be at least 1,25 times the ultimate
resistance of the member of the pedestrian parapet being connected.
For example, frangible bolts may be used provided that the pedestrian parapet anchorages have a
design resistance at least 1,25 times that of the ultimate resistance of the frangible bolts.
The design resistance value of the connection to the main structure, F (in kN), should be declared.
dc
4.4.3 Traffic loads
4.4.3.1 General
For the design of pedestrian parapets, traffic loads are defined as loads in horizontal and vertical
directions and can be applied as distributed or as point loads.
The loads should be applied as given in Annex A.
Rails are not loaded simultaneously.
4.4.3.2 Horizontal uniformly distributed traffic loads
4.4.3.2.1 General
The horizontal uniformly distributed traffic load q should be declared for the top rail, and where a
hk
different value is declared for other rails, it should be declared as q .
hki
4.4.3.2.2 Method 1
The characteristic value of the horizontal uniformly distributed traffic load q on the top rail and other
hk
horizontal rails can be specified from the loads given in Table 3.
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Table 3 — Minimum loads — Method 1
Load q
hk
 kN/m
A 0,4
B 0,8
C 1,0
D 1,2
E 1,6
F 2,0
G 2,4
H 2,8
J 3,0
Minimum class C (q = 1,0 kN/m, for forces transferred by the pedestrian parapet) and class B
hk
(q = 0,8 kN/m, for service side path) are recommended by EN 1991–1-2:2003, 4.8, Note 2, for the
hk
structural design of bridge decks.
4.4.3.2.3 Method 2
The characteristic value of the horizontal uniformly distributed traffic load q to be applied to the top
hk
rail, can be determined in the range between 1,0 kN/m (1,0 kN/m for footways used by maintenance
personnel only) and 2,8 kN/m according to the following Formula:
q = 0,5 (1,0 + b) kN/m, 1,0 kN/m ≤ q ≤ 2,8 kN/m (1)
hk hk
where
b is the width of the elevated footway or footpath subject to pedestrian traffic.
Other horizontal rails should withstand a minimum characteristic horizontal uniformly distributed load
q equal to 1,0 kN/m.
hki
NOTE Based on the selected UDL in Method 1, the width b of Method 2 may be calculated.
Minimum class C (q = 1,0 kN/m, for forces transferred by the pedestrian parapet) and class B
hk
(q = 0,8 kN/m, for service side path) are recommended by EN 1991–1-2:2003, 4.8, Note 2, for the
hk
structural design of bridge decks.
4.4.3.3 Concentrated horizontal traffic point load
A pedestrian parapet rail should withstand a concentrated horizontal
...