EN 12417:2001

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2002
Machine tools - Safety - Machining centres
Machine tools - Safety - Machining centres
Sicherheit von Werkzeugmaschinen - Bearbeitungszentren
Machines-outils - Sécurité - Centres d'usinage
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12417:2001
ICS:
25.040.10 9HþRSHUDFLMVNLVWURML Machining centres
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 12417
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2001
ICS 25.040.10
English version
Machine tools - Safety - Machining centres
Machines-outils - Sécurité - Centres d'usinage Werkzeugmaschinen - Sicherheit - Bearbeitungszentren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 June 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12417:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents
Page
Foreword .3
0 Introduction .4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions.8
4 List of significant hazards.8
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.14
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures .29
7 Information for use .29
Annex A (normative) Guards on machining centres - Impact test method .31
Annex B (informative) Equipment for impact test .34
Annex C (informative) Illustrative figures used as examples.35
Annex D (normative) Noise emission measurement .40
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this standard with EC Directives .41
Bibliography.42
Tables
Table 1 – List of significant hazards and major sources of these hazards associated with
machining centres .10
Table 2 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification
procedures .14
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 143 "Machine
tools - Safety", the secretariat of which is held by SNV.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2002, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2002.
Annex A is normative. Annexes B to D and ZA are informative.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of
EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EC–Directives, see informative annex ZA which is an integral part of this
standard.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
0 Introduction
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 292–1.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence.
Machining centres present a wide range of hazards, not least from their wide application as
rotating tool, 'stationary' workpiece machine tools, for general purpose cutting of cold metal work
material.
Protection of operators and other persons from contact with moving cutting tools, especially
when being rapidly rotated in the spindle, or being swung from a tool magazine to the spindle
during power-operated tool changing, or from contact with fast–moving workpieces, is of great
importance.
When power–operated mechanisms are provided for workpiece transfer, they can also create
hazardous situations during loading/unloading and workpiece alignment or clamping.
Total enclosure of the work zone using guards during cutting is practicable for smaller
machines. The requirements for access to the work zone of large machines used for the
processing of a wide range of workpiece configurations can require that operators are
safeguarded by other means (e.g. perimeter fencing, protective devices at the operating
position).
Pendant controls enable operators to move around the machine, especially large machines, and
to view the work zone, the load/aligning, clamping, cutting, or unloading operations,
maneuvering the pendant control as they move.
The significant hazards covered by this standard are those listed in clause 4. The safety
requirements and/or protective measures to prevent or minimize those hazards identified in
Table 1 and procedures for verification of these requirements or measures are found in clause 5.
The figures in annex C are examples only and are not intended to illustrate the only
interpretation of the text.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard specifies the technical safety requirements and protective measures to be
adopted by persons undertaking the design, construction and supply (including installation and
dismantling, with arrangements for transport and maintenance) of machining centres (see 3.1).
1.2 This standard takes account of intended use including reasonably foreseeable misuse,
maintenance, cleaning, and setting operations. It presumes access to the machine from all
directions. It describes means to reduce risks to operators and other exposed persons.
1.3 This standard also applies to the workpiece transfer devices when they form an integral part
of the machine.
1.4 This standard deals with significant hazards relevant to machining centres when they are
used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4).
1.5 Hazards arising from other metal working processes (e.g. grinding, turning, forming, EDM,
laser processing) are covered by other standards (see Bibliography).
1.6 This standard applies to machines which are manufactured after (its date of publication).
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to
applies (including amendments).
EN 292-1:1991 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1:
Basic terminology, methodology
EN 292-2:1991 and EN 292-2/A1:1995 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general
principles for design - Part 2: Technical principles and specifications
EN 294:1992 Safety of machinery – Safety distances to prevent danger zones being
reached by the upper limbs
EN 349:1993 Safety of machinery – Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human
body
EN 547:1996 Safety of machinery – Human body measurements –
Part 1: Principles for determining the dimensions required for openings for
whole body access into machinery
Part 2: Principles for determining the dimensions required for access
openings
Part 3: Anthropometric data
EN 574:1996 Safety of machinery - Two hand control devices – Functional aspects –
Principles for design
EN 614 Safety of machinery - Ergonomic design principles –
Part 1: Terminology and general principles
Part 2: Interaction between machinery design and work tasks
EN 626-1:1994 Safety of machinery – Reduction of risks to health from hazardous
substances emitted by machinery – Part 1: Principles and specifications for
machinery manufacturers
EN 894:1997 Safety of machinery – Ergonomics requirements and data for the design of
displays and control actuators –
Part 1: Human interactions
Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000 Safety of machinery – Ergonomics requirements and data for the design of
displays and control actuators – Part 3: Control actuators
EN 953:1997 Safety of machinery – Guards – General requirements for the design and
construction of fixed and movable guards
EN 954-1:1996 Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems - Part 1:
General principles for design
EN 982:1996 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components - Hydraulics
EN 983:1996 Safety of machinery - Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their
components - Pneumatics
EN 999:1998 Safety of machinery – The positioning of protective equipment in respect of
approach speeds of parts of the human body
prEN 1005:1998 Safety of machinery – Human physical performance –
Part 1: Terms and definitions
Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery
Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation
EN 1037:1995 Safety of machinery – Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN 1050:1996 Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment
EN 1088:1995 Safety of machinery - Interlocking devices associated with guards – Principles
for design and selection
EN 1127–1:1997 Explosive atmospheres - Explosion prevention and protection – Part 1: Basic
concepts and methodology
EN 1760–1:1997 Safety of machinery - Pressure sensitive protective devices – Part 1: General
principles for the design and testing of pressure sensitive mats and pressure
sensitive floors
EN 1837:1999 Safety of machinery – Integral lighting of machines
EN 60529:1991 Specification for degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP code)
EN 60825-1:1994 Safety of laser products – Equipment classification, requirements and user’s
guide
EN ISO 3744:1995 Acoustics – Determination of sound power level of noise sources using
sound pressure – Engineering method in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane
EN ISO 3746:1995 Acoustics – Determination of sound power level of noise sources using
sound pressure – Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface
over a reflecting plane
EN ISO 4871:1997 Acoustics – Declaration and verification of noise emission values of
machinery and equipment
EN ISO 9614-1:1995 Acoustics – Determination of sound power level of noise sources
using sound intensity – Part 1: Measurement at discrete points
EN ISO 11202:1995 Acoustics – Noise emitted by machinery and equipment –
Measurement method of emission sound power levels at the work station and
at other specified positions – Survey method in situ
EN ISO 11204:1996 Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment – Method
requiring environmental corrections
prEN ISO 14122:1999 Permanent means of access to machines and industrial plants
Part 2: Working platforms and gangways
Part 3: Stairways, stepladders and guard-rails
prEN 13478:1999 Safety of machinery – Fire prevention and protection
EN ISO 11688-1:1998 Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low–noise
machinery and equipment - Part 1: Planning
ISO/TR 11688-2:1998 Acoustics – Recommended practice for the design of low–noise
machinery and equipment - Part 2: Introduction to the physics of low-noise
design
EN 50081–2:1993 Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic emission standard – Part 2: Industrial
environment
EN 60204-1:1997 Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:1997)
EN 61000-6-2 Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 6-2: Generic standards - Immunity
for industrial environments (IEC 61000-6-2:1999)
EN 61496-1: 1997 Safety of machinery - Electrosensitive protective equipment - Part 1 -
General requirements and tests (IEC 61496-1:1997)
IEC 61496-2:1997 Safety of machinery - Electro-sensitive protective equipment - Part 2:
Particular requirements for equipment using active opto-electronic
protective devices (AOPDs)
ISO 2806: 1994 Industrial automation systems – Numerical control of machines – Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. For other terms and
definitions, see EN 292–1, EN 292–2+A1.
3.1
machining centre
a numerically controlled machine tool, where the spindle orientation is usually either horizontal
or vertical, capable of carrying out two or more machining processes (e.g. milling, drilling,
boring) and having facilities to enable tools to be changed automatically from a magazine or
similar storage unit in accordance with the machining program. Such machines may incorporate
facilities for manual control in varying degrees
3.2
numerical control (computer numerical control) (NC, CNC)
automatic control of a process performed by a device that makes use of numeric data
introduced while the operation is in progress (ISO 2806:1994, 2.1.1)
3.3
work zone
the space where the metal cutting process can take place
3.4
workpiece transfer device
a mechanism integrated with the machine as a means of supplying a previously loaded
workpiece to a machine in exchange for a finished workpiece (e.g. pallet changing device – see
annex C, Figures C.1, C.2, C.3, C.4)
3.5
electronic handwheel
a manually operated control device which initiates and maintains an axis movement by pulse
generation input to the numerical control during its rotation
4 List of significant hazards
4.1 The list of hazards contained in Table 1 is the result of a hazard identification and risk
assessment carried out as described by EN 1050 for machining centres covered by the scope of
this standard. The safety requirements and/or protective measures and information for use
contained in clauses 5 and 7 are based on the risk assessment and deal with the identified
hazards by either eliminating them or reducing the effects of the risks they generate.
4.2 The risk assessment assumes foreseeable access from all directions, as well as
unexpected start–up. Risks to both the operators and other persons who can have access to the
hazard zones are identified, taking into account hazards which can occur under various
conditions (e.g. commissioning, set–up, production, maintenance, repair, decommissioning)
during the life of the machine. The assessment includes an analysis of the effect of failure in the
control system.
4.3 In addition, the user of this standard (i.e. the designer, manufacturer, supplier) shall
validate that the risk assessment is complete for the machine under consideration with particular
attention to:
– the intended use of the machine including maintenance, setting and cleaning, and its
reasonably foreseeable misuse;
– the identification of the significant hazards associated with the machine.
Table 1 – List of significant hazards and major sources of these hazards associated with
machining centres
• Description Example(s) of Associated Related danger Clause 5
related hazardous activity zone Referenc
situation(s) e (Table
2)
1. Mechanical hazards
1.1 Crushing workpiece clamping loading/reorienting/ between clamps and 1.4
unloading workpiece
movements associated power–operated tool envelope of tool- 1.3
with automatic tool change changer motion
changing between spindle and
tool store
moving axes maintenance within pits 1.7
movement of operating normal operation, at or near machine 1.8
platforms maintenance
1.2 Shearing moving axes manual operation/ between tool/ spindle 1.1.6.3
tool change and table/ workpiece 1.1.6.4
1.2.1.3
1.3 Cutting or severing spindle or tool running spindle running at spindle or tool 1.1 to
or cutting 1.1.6.4
1.4 Entanglement movements associated power–operated tool- envelope of tool- 1.3
with automatic tool change changer motion
changing between spindle and
tool store
removal of swarf/chips power–operated swarf/chip collection 1.5
swarf/chip removal and discharge zones
1.5 Drawing–in or trapping rapid travel of table or power–operated envelope of 1.1
spindle head motion of workpiece movement of
on table or tool in workpiece on table
spindle axes; envelope of
movement of tool in
spindle head
rotating power maintenance in or around machine 1.6
transmission
mechanisms
1.6 Impact moving/rotating tool spindle running at spindle or tool 1.1 to
1.1.6.4
automatic tool changing power–operated tool envelope of tool 1.3
change change motion
automatic workpiece power-operated envelope of motion of 1.4
transfer (e.g. pallet workpiece transfer workpiece and
loading system) workpiece transfer
mechanisms
1.7 Stabbing or puncture moving/rotating tool process control at tool in spindle 1.1 to
(especially eccentric 1.1.6.4
tools)
movements associated power–operated tool envelope of tool 1.3
with automatic tool change changer motion
changing (especially tool
grippers)
handling tools during manual tool at sharp cutter faces (see clause
change or 7)
replenishing tool
magazine
handling swarf/chips during loading/ at workpiece, table, (see clause
unloading and and swarf /chip 7)
cleaning collecting and
discharge zones
•
Description Example(s) of Associated Related danger Clause 5
related hazardous activity zone Referenc
situation(s) e (Table
2)
2 Electrical hazards
2.1 Contact of persons contact with live parts or during electrical cabinet, 2.1
with live parts (direct connections commissioning, terminal boxes,
contact) maintenance, trouble control panels at
shooting machine
2.2 Contact of persons contact with live parts or during operation, at machine or faulty 2.2
with parts which have connections inspection and part
become live under maintenance of
faulty conditions machine
(indirect contact)
4 Hazards generated by noise
4.1 Hearing loss motion of power during operating cycle near machine 4
(deafness), other transmission elements, of machine
physiological cutting processes and
disorders (e.g. loss of fluid power systems
balance, loss of
awareness)
4.2 Interference with air blast used for during operating cycle near machine 4
speech cleaning of tool or pallet of machine
communication, locations
acoustical signals
Hazards generated by radiation
6.5 Lasers direct or reflected visual maintenance of laser within machine 6.5
exposure to laser positional feedback
radiation system
7 Hazards generated by materials and substances
7.1 Hazards from contact conditions near machine during operating cycle at or near machine 7.1
with or inhalation of caused by ejection of of the machine
harmful fluids, gases, particles of work
mists, fumes, and material, fluid droplets
dusts or mist from metal
working fluids
7.2 Fire or explosion flammable work during operating cycle at or near machine 7.2
material, flammable (low of the machine
flash point) metal
working fluids
7.3 Biological or micro– contact with hydraulic or during operation, at or near machine 7.3
biological (viral or metal working fluid as process control, and
bacterial) hazards liquid or mist containing maintenance
detritus and bacteria
8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in the design process
8.1 Unhealthy postures or lifting and reaching while during loading/ at load/unload and 8.1
excessive effort handling workpiece, unloading, process tool mounting
(repetitive strain) tools, and machine parts control, and positions,
maintenance maintenance action
points
8.2 Inadequate inappropriate location of during loading/ at load/unload and 8.2
consideration of hand- controls unloading, process tool mounting
arm or foot-leg control, and positions,
anatomy maintenance maintenance action
points
8.4 Inadequate local judgement and accuracy during loading at load/unload, tool 8.4
lighting of manual actions /unloading, process mounting positions
impaired during control, tool handling
handling/ positioning of
work materials and
cutters
• Description Example(s) of Associated Related danger Clause 5
related hazardous activity zone Referenc
situation(s) e (Table
2)
8.6 Human errors, human reasonably foreseeable during loading/ at load/unload, tool 8.6
behaviour misuse, inadvertent unloading, process mounting positions
operation of controls, control, tool handling
incorrect work material
and cutter handling and
setting
8.7 Inadequate design, inadvertent operation of during setting, at or near machine 8.7
location or controls operating cycle
identification of
manual controls
8.8 Inadequate design or misinterpretation of during setting, at or near machine 8.8
location of visual displayed information operating cycle
display units
Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/ overspeed
10.1 Failure/disorder of the mechanical hazards during setting, at machine 10.1
control system associated with selected cleaning
machine movement
10.2 Restoration of energy unexpected movements during setting, at or near machine 10.2
supply after an of machine cleaning or
interruption maintenance
10.3 External influences on unpredictable behaviour during setting or at or near machine 10.3
the electrical of electronic controls operating cycle of
equipment due to electromagnetic the machine
interference
13 Failure of the power malfunctions of the during operation, at machine where 13
control with consequent process control, machine elements
supply
misapplication of stored maintenance retained in a safe
energy or power. Power condition by the
workholding fails, motor application of power
overspeed. Part or fluid pressure.
breakage causes
machine elements to
move under residual
forces (inertia, gravity,
spring/ energy storage
means) causing external
elements to move
unexpectedly
14 Failure of the control Unexpected movements during setting, at or near machine 14
of machine cleaning or
circuit
maintenance
15 Errors of fitting machine elements fail or during process at machine 15
swing unexpectedly control, tool
mounting,
maintenance
17 ejection of machine during the operating at or near machine 1.2.6
Falling or ejected
objects or fluids parts, workpiece or tools cycle of the machine 17
caused by clamping
device, control system
failures or collision due
to data errors
18 unrestrained machine or during loading/ at machine 18
Loss of stability,
machine part unloading and
overturning of
(maintained in position process control, at
machinery
by gravity), falls or heavy/unwieldy
overturns workpieces during
maintenance
(disassembly/
relocation)
19 Slip , trip, and fall of ejection or spillage of during workpiece machine table, floor 19
persons (related to
metal working fluids and load/unload, setting, area around machine
machinery)
lubricants (also hydraulic process control and and workpiece
fluid if used); work at maintenance permanent means of
heights work at heights access to the machine
work to replenish
fluids (e.g. lubricants)
• This list is derived from annex A of EN 1050: 1996.
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General requirements
Machining centres shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this
clause.
In addition, the machining centre shall be designed according to the principles of EN 292 for
hazards relevant but not significant which are not dealt with by this standard.
5.2 Specific requirements
Table 2 – List of safety requirements and/or protective measures and their verification
procedures
NOTE  The numbering of various provisions in this table is in accordance with Table 1 and hence missing numbers
correspond to hazards which are not significant
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1 Mechanical 1.1 Work zone
1.1.1 Primary safeguards Visual inspection
The work zones of machining centres shall be safeguarded. The
guarding arrangements shall be designed to prevent access to
hazardous situations.
NOTE  General guidance for the design selection of safeguards, where
the hazards from moving parts cannot be avoided by design is given in
4.1, 4.2 and Table 1 of EN 292-2:1991.
For the purposes of this clause,
1) all protective equipment shall be in accordance with the following: in
accordance with EN 61496-1:1997 (ESPE), in accordance with IEC
61496-2:1997, category 4 (AOPD), in accordance with EN 1760-1:1997
(PSPD).
2) Guards shall be in accordance with EN 953:1997, and interlocking
devices shall be in accordance with EN1088:1995.
1.1.2 Guarding strategies
1.1.2.1 General Visual inspection,
assessment
The work zone shall be enclosed where possible by fixed and/or
interlocked movable guards during machining operations. Where
enclosure is not reasonably practicable (e.g. due to the size of the
workpiece, its geometry, other special characteristics of the machine or
its application), operators and other exposed persons shall be
safeguarded by a combination of other means (e.g. protected operator
position (cabin), perimeter guarding, other protective devices).
Visual inspection
1.1.2.2 Enclosure
Examination of
Where reasonably practicable, work zone guarding shall be fixed to the drawings
structure of the machine (see 3.2.1 of EN 953:1997) (see also guard
characteristics below and Figures C.1 – C.4, C.6).
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1.1.2.3 Alternatives to enclosures Visual inspection
Access to the work zone, by the operator, from the normal (fixed)
operating position shall be prevented by local guarding (typically
forming a cabin - see Figures C.5 and C.7). Access to the cabin shall
not require entry into the hazard zone enclosed by perimeter fencing or
other protective devices. Where this is not possible because of the
machine configuration or other operating constraints, the access route
to the operating position shall not require approach to hazardous
situations.
1 Mechanical Where the machine operator requires access to the work zone from the Visual inspection,
protected (fixed) operating position (cabin) e.g. for setting purposes or conformance to
process control, the cabin shall be designed so that access is via an drawings/
interlocked movable guard from within the cabin. Alternatively the specifications
movement of a pendant control from the cabin position shall have the
same effect as the interlocked guard above. Operation of the machine
in mode 1 (automatic cycle) shall only be possible when the pendant
control (above) is relocated in the cabin. Any other powered movement
of machine elements shall only be achieved by selection of the
appropriate operating mode (see operating modes below).
Access to the work zone by persons other than the machine operator
shall be prevented by perimeter fencing and/or other means (e.g.
electrosensitive protective equipment (ESPE), active-opto electronic
protective devices (AOPDs), pressure sensitive protective devices
(PSPDs). Where access points (e.g. gates), are provided they shall be
interlocked. Where interlocking is not possible because of the particular
machine configuration and application, any non interlocked access
points shall be within the visual field of the operator(s) from the normal
working position. Where it is foreseen that the machine will be operated
unattended, for some or all of the operating cycle, other means of
access control (e.g. key pad operated locks), shall be provided to
prevent unauthorised access.
1.1.3 Multiple work zones Visual inspection,
functional test to
ensure compliance,
Where more than one work zone is provided on a single machine,
conformance to
safeguards (e.g. fixed or movable interlocked guards, AOPD, ESPE)
drawings/
shall protect the operator(s) from adjacent active work zone hazards
specifications
(e.g. when loading or unloading workpieces in a non-active work zone,
cleaning).
Unauthorised movement of the machine into an adjacent non-active
work zone shall be prevented using a limiting device, (e.g. mechanical
stops, range limit switches, light beams, AOPDs).
1.1.4 Guard Characteristics
1.1.4.1 Height and Position Measurements to
ensure compliance
with EN 294
Where guards are floor mounted (e.g. perimeter fencing), they shall be
securely fixed and have a minimum height of 1.4 m at a distance in
accordance with Table 2 of EN 294:1992 from the hazard zone. Any
opening between the bottom of the guard and the floor shall not exceed
300 mm.
Practical check
1.1.4.2 Containment
Guards shall be designed to contain and/or prevent exposure to
swarf/chips, fluids and parts that can be discharged or ejected (see also
7.1.4 mist and vapour, 17.1 fluids mists and 17.2 ejection, 19.2
contamination of floors etc., in this table).
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1.1.4.3 Observation Visual inspection
Where routine observation of the machine operation is required, means
(e.g. windows) shall be provided so that this can be achieved without
the need to open, remove or suspend any work zone guard or other
protective device(s) (see also 8.4 lighting, in this table).
1.1.5 Interlocking
Visual inspection,
1.1.5.1 All movable guards through which frequent access to the work
zone is required (i.e. more than once per shift) shall be interlocked. practical check
Opening of a guard or actuation of a protective device in mode 1
(automatic cycle - see below) shall cause hazardous movements to
stop and further movement to be inhibited (see EN 1037). Measures to
minimise the possible defeat of interlocking device(s) shall be taken
(see clauses 5 and 7 of EN 1088:1995).
Practical check
1.1.5.2 If opening of an interlocking movable guard exposes operators
to hazards listed 1.1 -1.7 of Table 1, guard locking shall be provided
(see EN 1088 and also 7.2.m, of clause 7).
1.1.6 Modes of operation
1.1.6.1 General Visual inspection,
practical check
Each machine shall have at least two modes of operation (i.e. modes 1
and 2) with the option of a third mode (i.e. mode 3). The selection of a
mode of operation shall be either by key switch, access code or equally
secure means and shall only be permitted from outside the work zone.
Selection of a mode shall not initiate hazardous situations.
1.1.6.2 Mode 1 - Automatic cycle Practical check
[automatic production]
The guards shall be closed and/or the protective devices be active to
permit execution of programmed sequential machine operation under
numerical control.
1.1.6.3 Mode 2 - Setting
Setting mode is a mode of operation in which adjustments for the
subsequent machining process are performed by the operator.
NOTE  Assessment of tool or workpiece position, e.g. by touching the
workpiece with a probe or tool, and programme sequence checking,
belong to the setting mode.
When any interlocked movable guard is open or a protective device is
suspended, powered machine movements shall only be permitted
under the following conditions:
a) Axis movements at a maximum rate of 2 m/min. or a maximum Measurement
increment of 10 mm.
These movements shall be selected one axis at a time and may be Practical check
initiated and maintained by one of the following means:
– a hold-to-run control device;
– an electronic handwheel;
– manual data input (MDI) followed by cycle start together with an
enabling device.
b) Spindle speed shall be limited by its stopping performance which Measurement
shall not exceed 2 revolutions.
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
Spindle rotation shall only be initiated and maintained by one of the Practical check
following means:
– a hold-to-run control device
– a spindle start control device together with an enabling device.
Release of an enabling device shall initiate a category 1 stop in
accordance with 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:1997.
c) The limits of speed or incremental distance [defined in a) and b) Examination of
above] shall be monitored and if exceeded, the power to the drives shall circuit diagrams,
be removed by a controlled stop (Category 1 - see 9.2.2 of EN 60204– practical check
1:1997).
d) Means shall be provided to prevent hazardous movement of vertical Practical check
or slant axes under gravity.
e) Automatic tool and workpiece changing mechanisms shall remain Practical check
inhibited. Initiation of their automatic movement shall only be possible
by reselection of mode 1.
Exception: For maintenance in mode 2 only, the provisions contained in Practical check
1.2, 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 of this table are permitted.
f) Unguarded swarf/chip conveyor movements shall only be initiated and Visual inspection,
maintained by a hold-to-run control device. examination of
circuit diagrams
g) Where multiple hold-to-run control device locations are provided (e.g. Practical check
main control station, hand-held pendant), only one shall be functional at
a time.
1.1.6.4 Mode 3 - Optional mode for manual intervention under
restricted operating conditions
When provided, this mode permits use of the machine under manual or
numerical control with work zone guards open and/or protective devices
suspended under the following conditions:
a) This mode shall only be provided when details of the intended Visual inspection (of
application are known and the required skill level of operators shall be Instruction
defined in the instruction handbook (see 7.2 g, of clause 7). handbook)
b) Single axis and multiple axis vector speeds shall be limited to Measurement
5m/min.
c) Spindle speed shall be limited by its stopping performance which Measurement
shall not exceed 5 revolutions.
NOTE 1  In order to achieve this stopping requirement it may be
necessary to provide tool diameter identification or measurement
systems to limit the permitted speed of the spindle for each tool used.
NOTE 2  Alternative solutions to this clause have been considered
during the development of this standard but no firm conclusions have
been reached. This particular problem will be re-visited in a future
revision of this standard.
d) Execution of a program shall be initiated by a cycle start control Practical check
device in conjunction with an enabling device and maintained by the
enabling device;
e) Non-programmed movements shall be achieved as follows:
1) Spindle rotation shall be initiated by a spindle start control device Examination of
together with an enabling device and maintained by the enabling circuit diagrams,
device. practical test
Release of the enabling device shall initiate a category 1 stop in
accordance with 9.2.2 of EN 60204-1:1997.
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
2) Axis movements may be initiated and maintained by one of the Practical check
following means:
– a hold-to-run control device
– an electronic handwheel
– manual data input (MDI) followed by cycle start together with an
enabling device.
f) The limits of speed or incremental distance [defined in b) and c) Practical check
above] shall be monitored and if exceeded, the power to the drives shall
be removed by a controlled stop (category 1 – see 9.2.2 of EN 60204-
1:1997).
g) The requirements d), e), f) and g) of mode 2 in 1.1.6.3 shall also See 1.1.6.3 d, e, f
apply. and g.
1.1.7 Release of trapped persons Visual inspection,
verification against
Means shall be provided for the movement of machine axes forcircuit diagrams,
emergency purposes (e.g. release of trapped persons). These means practical check
are for example:
a) With power off:
- manually operated relief valves to depressurise
systems under pressure;
- manual release of power-actuated brakes provided
that weight-balancing exists;
b) With power on:
- manual control facilities of power-piloted valves/
drives;
- control facilities to start counter motions.
(see also 7.2 m, of clause 7).
1.2 Tool magazine
Visual inspection
1.2.1 Access to hazardous movements of the tool magazine shall be
prevented by fixed and/or interlocked movable guards (see EN
1088:1995, clause 7 and annexes).
Examination of
1.2.2 When the interlocked movable guard is open, the tool magazine
drive shall be stopped and further movements shall be inhibited (seecircuit diagrams,
also 1.1.5 of this table). practical check
1.2.3 Access openings shall be in accordance with EN 547-1:1996, EN Measurement
547-2:1996, EN 547-3:1996.
1.2.4 Where whole body access into the tool magazine guard enclosureExamination of
circuit diagrams,
is foreseen, a presence sensing device (e.g. ESPE, AOPD, PSPD) shall
practical check
be provided to detect persons in the tool magazine area. When this
device is actuated, the control system shall prevent any movement of
the tool magazine or other accessible hazardous machine movements.
Examination of
1.2.5 Where powered movements with the interlocked guard open are
circuit diagrams,
required for tool replenishment, maintenance, or adjustment purposes,
this shall be achieved by means of a hold-to-run control to permit a measurement,
single tool station index movement or a two-hand control devicefor practical check
continuous movement. This device shall be in accordance with 9.2.5.7
Type 3 of EN 60204-1:1997 (see also EN 574:1996). Such movement
shall either be at a reduced speed (i.e. 15 m/min. where only an impact
hazard exists; 2 m/min. where a crushing, shearing or trapping hazard
exists) or be initiated from control devices positioned at a safe distance
from the hazardous machine parts. (see EN 294, EN 999:1998) No
hazardous machine movements shall arise from the actuation of any
magazine sensor or feedback device (see 10.1.4 of EN 60204-1:1997
and 7.2 f, of clause 7 in this standard).
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1.2.6 In order to prevent falls or ejections, tools shall be securely held A test shall be
carried out to verify
within the holders of the magazine. The design data for tool holding
that the anticipated
(e.g. limits for maximum mass, moments of inertia, tilting moment,
spatial envelope of tools) shall be made available to the user (see heaviest tool will be
'information for use'). securely held in the
holders
1.3 Tool changer
1.3.1 Access to hazardous movements from any direction shall be Visual inspection
prevented by fixed and/or interlocked movable guards or hazardous
movements shall be stopped or inhibited by the actuation of protective
devices (see EN 1088:1995, clause 7 and annexes)
1.3.2 Examination of
Where access is required to the tool changer with the guards
circuit diagrams,
open or protective devices suspended, powered motion shall only be
initiated under the control of an enabling device together with a hold-to- measurement,
run control device to permit step-by-step movement. When continuous practical check
movement is required, a two-hand control (see EN 574) at a safe
distance from the hazardous situation (see EN 999) shall be provided.
No hazardous machine movement shall arise from the actuation of any
sensor or feedback device (see 10.1.4 of EN 60204-1:1997 and 7.2 f, of
clause 7 in this standard). In order to prevent falls or ejections, tools
shall be securely held in the tool changer under all operating conditions
and/or loss of power.
1.4 Workpiece transfer devices (e.g. pallet changing devices,
automatic workpiece changing devices)
Visual inspection
1.4.1 Load/unload positions for operators at workpiece transfer devices
shall be located outside the work zone and away from other hazardous
mechanisms (e.g. the tool changer).
1.4.2 Access to hazardous movement(s) shall be prevented by means Visual inspection,
of fixed and/or interlocked movable guards or hazardous movement(s) practical check
shall be either stopped or inhibited by the actuation of protective
devices (e.g. ESPE, AOPD).
1.4.3 Where access is required with the guards open or the protective Examination of
circuit diagrams,
devices suspended, powered motion shall only be initiated under the
measurement,
control of an enabling device together with a hold-to-run device to
practical check
permit step-by-step movement. When continuous movement is
required, a two-hand control device shall be provided. This device shall
be in accordance with 9.2.5.7 Type 3 of EN 60204-1:1997 and shall be
at a safe distance from the hazardous situation (see EN 574 and EN
999). No hazardous movement shall arise from the actuation of any
sensor or feedback device (see 10.1.4 of EN 60204-1:1997 and 7.2 f, of
clause 7 in this standard).
1.5 Swarf /chip collection and removal
1.5.1 Access to hazardous moving parts of swarf/chip collection and Visual inspection,
removal systems shall be prevented by means of fixed guards. Where practical check
operators have a need to access more frequently than once per shift,
interlocked movable guards shall be provided. Guards shall be in
accordance with EN 953.
1.5.2 Examination of
Opening an interlocked movable guard, which provides access to
circuit diagrams,
the hazardous moving parts of a swarf/chip system shall cause the
movement to cease and remain inhibited (see also 1.1.5 and 14.1.1 of practical check
this table).
Hazards Safety requirement and/or protective measure Verification
1.5.3 If movement of a swarf/chip system with an interlocked guard Examination of
circuit diagrams,
open is essential (e.g. for cleaning purposes) the movement shall only
practical check
be permitted under the control of a hold–to–run device with an adjacent
emergency stop device. A warning sign shall indicate the hazardous
area of the swarf/chip system discharge (see also 7.2 f, of clause 7).
1.6 Power transmission mechanisms (e.g. driveshafts, belts, pulleys,
gears)
Visual inspection
1.6.1 Access to hazardous power transmission parts (e g belts, chains,
gears
...