EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1
(Amendment)Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire
1.1 Scope of EN 1991 1 2
(1) The methods given in this Eurocode are applicable to buildings and civil engineering works, with a fire load related to the building and its occupancy.
(2) EN 1991 1 2 deals with thermal and mechanical actions on structures exposed to fire. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire design Parts of EN 1992 to EN 1996 and EN 1999 which give rules for designing structures for fire resistance.
(3) EN 1991 1 2 contains thermal actions either nominal or physically based. More data and models for physically based thermal actions are given in annexes.
(4) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover the assessment of the damage of a structure after a fire.
(5) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover supplementary requirements concerning, for example:
- the possible installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems;
- conditions on occupancy of building or fire compartment;
- the use of approved insulation and coating materials, including their maintenance.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply:
- any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained;
- the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation.
Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-2: Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Brandeinwirkungen auf Tragwerke
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-2 : Actions sur les structures exposées au feu
Evrokod 1 - Vplivi na konstrukcije - 1-2. del: Vplivi na konstrukcije pri požaru
1.1 Področje uporabe EN 1991 1 2
(1) Metode, podane v tem Evrokodu, so uporabne za stavbe in gradbena inženirska dela, s požarno obremenitvijo, povezano s stavbo in njeno uporabo.
(2) EN 1991 1 2 obravnava toplotne in mehanske vplive na konstrukcije, izpostavljene požaru. Namenjen je uporabi v povezavi z deli za požarno projektiranje EN 1992 do EN 1996 in EN 1999, ki podajajo pravila za projektiranje konstrukcij za požarno odpornost.
(3) EN 1991 1 2 vsebuje toplotne vplive, ki so bodisi nominalni bodisi fizikalno osnovani. Več podatkov in modelov za fizikalno osnovane toplotne vplive je podanih v prilogah.
(4) EN 1991 1 2 ne pokriva ocene škode na konstrukciji po požaru.
(5) EN 1991 1 2 ne pokriva dodatnih zahtev, ki se nanašajo na primer:
- možne namestitve in vzdrževanja sprinkler sistemov;
- pogojev glede uporabe stavbe ali požarnega sektorja;
- uporabe odobrenih izolacijskih in premaznih materialov, vključno z njihovim vzdrževanjem.
1.2 Predpostavke
(1) Poleg splošnih predpostavk EN 1990 veljajo naslednje predpostavke:
- vsi aktivni in pasivni sistemi požarne zaščite, upoštevani v projektiranju, bodo ustrezno vzdrževani;
- izbira ustreznega projektnega požarnega scenarija je izvedena s strani ustrezno usposobljenega in izkušenega osebja ali je določena z ustrezno nacionalno regulativo.
General Information
- Status
- Not Published
- Publication Date
- 09-Feb-2028
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 250 - Structural Eurocodes
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 250/SC 1/WG 4 - Actions on structures exposed to fire
- Current Stage
- 4020 - Submission to enquiry - Enquiry
- Start Date
- 04-Jun-2026
- Due Date
- 24-Sep-2026
- Completion Date
- 04-Jun-2026
Overview
EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures exposed to fire is a European draft standard developed by CEN (European Committee for Standardization). This standard, part of the Eurocode series, outlines methods for assessing thermal and mechanical actions on structures under fire exposure. Applicable to both buildings and civil engineering works, EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 provides a unified approach for fire resistance design, helping to ensure the safety and stability of structures during and after fire events.
The standard is to be used in conjunction with fire design parts of other Eurocodes, specifically EN 1992 to EN 1996 and EN 1999, optimizing the performance of structures under fire conditions. Its guidance is intended for engineers, building designers, and regulatory bodies across Europe.
Key Topics
Scope and Limitations
- Applies to buildings and civil works with fire loads related to occupancy.
- Addresses both thermal actions (heat flux, temperature) and mechanical actions (forces, deformations) on structures during fire.
- Uses both nominal and physically-based thermal actions, with detailed models found in the annexes.
- Excludes post-fire damage assessment and certain supplementary requirements (such as sprinkler system installation, material maintenance, or specific fire compartment restrictions).
Design Methodology
- Incorporates procedures for structural fire design using either:
- Nominal fire curves (standardized temperature-time relationships)
- Physically based fire models (realistic simulation of fire development including cooling phases)
- Alignment with national annexes and regulations for key parameters.
- Assumes proper maintenance of active and passive fire protection systems included in the design scenario.
- Incorporates procedures for structural fire design using either:
Annex Modifications and Updates
- Updates terminology for material properties (e.g., effusivity replaces absorptivity).
- Revises fire load densities, fire growth rates, localized fires, and applicable calculation methods for both internal and external structural members.
- Adds new definitions, clarifies formulas, and streamlines references to harmonize with the updated Eurocode suite and recent regulations.
Applications
EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 is widely relevant across the construction sector, targeting diverse stakeholders:
Structural Designers and Engineers
Ensure safe design by incorporating specified fire actions, using consistent calculation models for fire scenarios as mandated by European and national standards.Regulatory Authorities
Reference for verifying compliance with fire safety regulations in new buildings and significant refurbishments.Material and Product Certification
Supports manufacturers and suppliers in demonstrating product performance under fire conditions by clarifying how materials and structural elements are to be assessed.Building Occupancy Planning
Guides decision-making around fire protection features, such as the choice between active and passive systems, based on realistic fire exposure scenarios.
Related Standards
In practice, EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 is applied alongside the following Eurocodes and regulatory documents:
- EN 1990 (Eurocode - Basis of Structural and Geotechnical Design)
Provides the general basis for structural design, including safety factors and load combinations. - EN 1992 to EN 1996, EN 1999 (Eurocodes for concrete, steel, composite, timber, and masonry structures)
Contain fire design rules specific to different construction materials. - EN 1993-1-2 (Steel structures - fire actions)
Provides detailed calculation methods referenced in the annexes for fire-exposed steel elements. - EN 1995-1-2 (Timber structures - fire actions)
Cited for guidance on thermal actions in timber structures. - National Annexes and Regulations
Adjust parameters and implementation requirements to reflect specific safety policies within each European country.
Keywords: EN 1991-1-2:2024, Eurocode 1, fire actions on structures, structural fire design, CEN standard, fire resistance, fire load, building safety, European standard, fire scenarios, civil engineering works, thermal actions, mechanical actions, passive fire protection, regulatory compliance.
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Frequently Asked Questions
EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 is a draft published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire". This standard covers: 1.1 Scope of EN 1991 1 2 (1) The methods given in this Eurocode are applicable to buildings and civil engineering works, with a fire load related to the building and its occupancy. (2) EN 1991 1 2 deals with thermal and mechanical actions on structures exposed to fire. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire design Parts of EN 1992 to EN 1996 and EN 1999 which give rules for designing structures for fire resistance. (3) EN 1991 1 2 contains thermal actions either nominal or physically based. More data and models for physically based thermal actions are given in annexes. (4) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover the assessment of the damage of a structure after a fire. (5) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover supplementary requirements concerning, for example: - the possible installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems; - conditions on occupancy of building or fire compartment; - the use of approved insulation and coating materials, including their maintenance. 1.2 Assumptions (1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply: - any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained; - the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation.
1.1 Scope of EN 1991 1 2 (1) The methods given in this Eurocode are applicable to buildings and civil engineering works, with a fire load related to the building and its occupancy. (2) EN 1991 1 2 deals with thermal and mechanical actions on structures exposed to fire. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire design Parts of EN 1992 to EN 1996 and EN 1999 which give rules for designing structures for fire resistance. (3) EN 1991 1 2 contains thermal actions either nominal or physically based. More data and models for physically based thermal actions are given in annexes. (4) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover the assessment of the damage of a structure after a fire. (5) EN 1991 1 2 does not cover supplementary requirements concerning, for example: - the possible installation and maintenance of sprinkler systems; - conditions on occupancy of building or fire compartment; - the use of approved insulation and coating materials, including their maintenance. 1.2 Assumptions (1) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990 the following assumptions apply: - any active and passive fire protection systems taken into account in the design will be adequately maintained; - the choice of the relevant design fire scenario is made by appropriate qualified and experienced personnel, or is given by the relevant national regulation.
EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 13.220.50 - Fire-resistance of building materials and elements; 91.010.30 - Technical aspects. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2026
Evrokod 1 - Vplivi na konstrukcije - 1-2. del: Vplivi na konstrukcije pri požaru
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire
Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-2: Allgemeine Einwirkungen -
Brandeinwirkungen auf Tragwerke
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-2 : Actions sur les structures exposées
au feu
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1
ICS:
13.220.50 Požarna odpornost Fire-resistance of building
gradbenih materialov in materials and elements
elementov
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1991-1-2:2024
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
prA1
June 2026
ICS 13.220.50; 91.010.30
English Version
Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures - Part 1-2: Actions on
structures exposed to fire
Eurocode 1 - Actions sur les structures - Partie 1-2 : Eurocode 1 - Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke - Teil 1-2:
Actions sur les structures exposées au feu Allgemeine Einwirkungen - Brandeinwirkungen auf
Tragwerke
This draft amendment is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 250.
This draft amendment A1, if approved, will modify the European Standard EN 1991-1-2:2024. If this draft becomes an
amendment, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for
inclusion of this amendment into the relevant national standard without any alteration.
This draft amendment was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Modifications throughout the whole document . 4
2 Modifications to the Introduction . 4
3 Modification to Clause 2, “Normative references” . 4
4 Modifications to Clause 3, “Terms, definitions and symbols” . 4
5 Modifications to Clause 4, “Structural fire design procedure” . 5
6 Modification to Clause 6, “Mechanical actions for structural analysis” . 5
7 Modification to Annex A, “Parametric fire curves” . 5
8 Modifications to Annex B, “Thermal actions for external members — Simplified calculation
method” . 6
9 Modification to Annex C, “Localized fires” . 6
10 Modifications to Annex E, “Fire load densities, fire growth rates and rate of heat releases”
............................................................................................................................................................................... 7
11 Modification to Annex F, “Equivalent time of fire exposure” . 7
12 Modification to Annex H, “Thermal actions for structural fire loads of timber structures” 7
European foreword
This document (EN 1991-1-2:2024/prA1:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 250
“Structural Eurocodes”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will amend EN 1991-1-2:2024.
NOTE Some modifications are purely editorial corrections to improve the quality of the document and these
will not be tagged in the consolidated publication, as noted after the modification.
The first generation of EN Eurocodes was published between 2002 and 2007. This document forms part
of the second generation of the Eurocodes, which have been prepared under Mandate M/515 issued to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The Eurocodes have been drafted to be used in conjunction with relevant execution, material, product
and test standards, and to identify requirements for execution, materials, products and testing that are
relied upon by the Eurocodes.
The Eurocodes recognize the responsibility of each Member State and have safeguarded their right to
determine values related to regulatory safety matters at national level through the use of National
Annexes.
1 Modifications throughout the whol
...